Deck 29: RNA Synthesis and Processing

Question 1

11.Many genetic diseases are caused by mutations that affect RNA __________.

Answer 1

splicing

Question 2

18.The rho (ρ)protein terminates transcription by acting as a ________________.

Answer 2

helicase

Question 3

17.The rate of RNA synthesis in E.coli is approximately _______________ nucleotides per second.

Answer 3

50

Question 4

What is the mechanism by which drugs such as actinomycin D slip between the bases of the DNA helix?

A) insertion
B) intercalation
C) incorporation
D) addition
E) substitution

Question 5

Which DNA strand has the same sequence as the RNA transcript (except for thymine in place of uracil)?

A) template strand
B) complementary strand
C) coding strand
D) copy strand
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 6

14.The template strand has the _______________ sequence as the RNA transcript (except T instead of U).

Question 7

Which of the following is a mechanism of splicing that allows diversity in the proteins generated from a particular gene?

A) crossover
B) mRNA recombination
C) recombinase-assisted splicing
D) translocation
E) alternative splicing

Question 8

What name is given to the region of RNA synthesis that contains the DNA,RNA,and RNA polymerase?

A) transcription fork
B) replicon
C) transcriptosome
D) transcription bubble
E) transcription complex

Question 9

20.RNA self-splicing demonstrates the role of RNA as a __________________.

Question 10

16.The RNA polymerase can unwind approximately _______________ bases.

Question 11

Which of the following is required for DNA synthesis but not for RNA synthesis?

A) polymerase
B) nucleotide triphosphates
C) DNA sequence that serves as a template
D) promoter
E) primer

Question 12

Which of the following is an RNA molecule that is catalytic?

A) tRNA
B) ribonuclease
C) ribozyme
D) RNA helicase
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

15.The _______________ subunit of RNA polymerase recognizes promoters during heat-shock conditions.

Question 14

13.A _______________ sequence is determined by an alignment of multiple DNA base sequences and is a recurring pattern or motif.

Question 15

What term is used to describe the synthesis of RNA?

A) replication
B) splicing
C) translation
D) transcription
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

19.The enzyme _________________ transcribes a single precursor that encodes the 18S rRNA,the 28S rRNA,and the 5.8S rRNA.

Question 17

What complex is responsible for splicing mRNA precursors?

A) splicozyme
B) spliceosome
C) sRNA
D) splicicon
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

Which of the following changes the nucleotide sequence of RNA after transcription occurs,by processes other than RNA splicing?

A) RNA editing
B) RNA proofing
C) RNA substitution
D) RNA mutation
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

What name is given to sequences that are found on the same molecule of DNA and contain information such as promoter sites?

A) cis-acting sequences
B) trans-acting sequences
C) syn-acting sequences
D) anti-acting sequences
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 20

12.There are approximately _______________ promoter sites found in the E.coli genome.

Question 21

How does the antibiotic rifamycin function?

Question 22

What is the significance of the $\sigma$ subunit?

Question 23

Proteins that possess alternative splicing products include

A) calcitonin.
B) hemoglobin β.
C) apolipoprotein.
D) calcitonin and apolipoprotein.
E) hemoglobin β and apolipoprotein.

Question 24

What is the definition of a promoter?

Question 25

The chemical reaction(s)in RNA splicing include

A) two transesterifications.
B) one transesterification.
C) one transesterification and an oxidation.
D) two oxidations.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 26

Name the three stages of RNA synthesis.

Question 27

The first event in eukaryotic transcriptional activation is binding of

A) the TATA-box-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box.
B) the SP-1 protein to the CAAT box.
C) the RNA polymerase 500 base pairs upstream of the CAAT and TATA boxes.
D) rho protein to DNA.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 28

DNA must be in a ________________ for transcription to occur.

A) closed promoter complex
B) biphasic promoter complex
C) open promoter complex
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 29

What is a common feature of both protein-dependent and protein-independent termination signals in transcription?

Question 30

How are palindromic RNA polymerase transcription termination signals thought to function?

Question 31

Actinomycin interferes with transcription by binding to

A) the RNA polymerase.
B) the DNA-RNA duplex.
C) the DNA helix and preventing its use as an RNA template.
D) σ subunits
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 32

How does RNA polymerase find the proper binding site?

Question 33

The role of GTP in self-splicing is

A) to provide energy.
B) a cofactor.
C) a necessary base for RNA editing.
D) an activator.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 34

Many eukaryotic promoters contain

A) a TATAAT box near -10.
B) a TATA site near -30 to -100.
C) a CAAT site near -40 to -150.
D) a TATAAT box near -10 and a TATA site near -30 to -100.
E) a TATA site near -30 to -100 and a CAAT site near -40 to -150.

Question 35

Which of the following modifications are made to eukaryotic tRNA transcripts?

A) modification of base and ribose moieties
B) removal of 3′ trailer
C) cleavage of 5′ leader by RNase P
D) CCA is added.
E) All the answers are correct.

Question 36

The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD)of RNA polymerase II is involved in

A) binding to promoter regions of DNA.
B) formation of the transcription bubble.
C) coordinating post-transcriptional processing events.
D) recognition of the termination signal.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 37

Functions of RNA polymerase include

A) searching for promoter sites.
B) unwinding short stretches of DNA.
C) detecting termination signals.
D) All the answers are correct.
E) searching for promoter sites and detecting termination signals.

Question 38

A disease caused by mutations in pre-mRNA or in the splicing factors is

A) Burkitt lymphoma.
B) thalassemia.
C) retinitis pigmentosa.
D) sickle-cell anemia.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 39

RNA polymerase I transcribes the genes for

A) mRNA precursors.
B) 18S, 5.8 S, and 28S rRNA.
C) most tRNA.
D) All the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.

Question 40

tRNA and rRNA modification in prokaryotes includes

A) cleavage and modification of nascent RNA.
B) addition of nucleotides.
C) spliceosome-mediated splicing of the nascent RNA.
D) All the answers are correct.
E) cleavage and modification of nascent RNA and addition of nucleotides.

Question 41

What is present in the spliceosome complex?

Question 42

What are the two types of self-splicing introns?

Question 43

Approximately how many mRNA transcripts in higher eukaryotes undergo processing?

Question 44

How does binding of heat-shock proteins differ between E.coli and Drosophila?

Question 45

Where are enhancer sequences found in the gene?

Question 46

What are microRNAs,and what role do they play in gene regulation?

Question 47

Describe some of the significant differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription and translation.