Deck 30: The Crisis of Authority

Question 1

Between 1960 and 1970,the Latino population of the United States

A)rose by 25 percent.
B)rose by 50 percent.
C)doubled.
D)tripled.
E)sextupled.

Answer 1

tripled.

Question 2

In the 1960s,the radical group known as the "Weathermen"

A)expressed their ideas in a manifesto known as the Port Huron Statement.
B)seized administration offices at Columbia University.
C)reflected the attitudes of a majority of college students at major universities.
D)were involved in college bombings that claimed several lives.
E)targeted SDS meetings as sites of un-American activity.

Answer 2

were involved in college bombings that claimed several lives.

Question 3

Betty Friedan's 1963 book,The Feminine Mystique,

A)described why women had found success and satisfaction in postwar America.
B)detailed the many problems confronting single mothers.
C)argued against women placing children in front of their careers.
D)encouraged women to remain single in order to maintain their independence.
E)gave voice to a reemerging women's rights movement.

Answer 3

gave voice to a reemerging women's rights movement.

Question 4

Founded in 1968,the American Indian Movement (AIM)

A)drew all of its support from tribal reservations.
B)disbanded after the passage of the Indian Civil Rights Act.
C)focused on militant action.
D)vehemently opposed the idea of intertribal action.
E)emphasized assimilation into larger American society.

Question 5

In 1964,a dispute broke out at the University of California at Berkeley over

A)the cost of tuition and student housing.
B)the military draft.
C)the rights of students to engage in free speech.
D)corporate influence on the university's military research projects.
E)the question of graduate student unionization.

Question 6

The 1961 Declaration of Indian Purpose called for

A)a reassessment of current assimilation practices.
B)"affirmative action" for Native Americans.
C)the removal of whites from Indian reservations.
D)a complete separation from the society of the United States.
E)the preservation of Indian heritage.

Question 7

Between 1950 and 1970,the Indian population of the United States

A)declined by 25 percent.
B)remained almost constant in overall numbers.
C)rose at a slower rate than the rest of the population.
D)nearly doubled.
E)was halved.

Question 8

By the early twenty-first century,gay men and lesbians in the United States

A)experienced a powerful backlash from within American society.
B)achieved many of the same rights as other minority groups.
C)saw antigay violence continue periodically in communities around the country.
D)both achieved many of the same rights as other minority groups,and saw antigay violence continue periodically in communities around the country.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding Latinos in the United States is NOT true?

A)Between 1960 and 2000,one-third of all legal immigrants to the U.S.were Hispanic.
B)Large numbers of Central American immigrants arrived in the U.S.in the 1980s.
C)Cuban immigrants in the 1980s were more well-to-do than their counterparts in the 1960s.
D)Puerto Rican immigrants are entitled to American citizenship by birth.
E)Puerto Rican immigrants established a large community in New York City.

Question 10

In the 1950s,the federal "termination" policy as applied to American Indians sought to

A)end their cultural distinctiveness.
B)keep American Indians largely confined to rural areas.
C)enforce the tribal reservation system.
D)break up militant tribes.
E)restore tribal autonomy.

Question 11

Students for a Democratic Society was formed

A)primarily by white college students.
B)to protest the Vietnam War.
C)in reaction to the Kennedy assassination.
D)as a branch of the Democratic Party.
E)to support civil rights efforts in the South.

Question 12

In the 1960s,the area of popular culture most strongly embraced by the counterculture was in

A)television.
B)music.
C)movies.
D)literature.
E)sports.

Question 13

In 1973,American Indian activists occupied an old Indian battle site of

A)Wounded Knee.
B)Little Big Horn.
C)Horseshoe Bend.
D)Fallen Timbers.
E)Sand Creek.

Question 14

The 1969 "Stonewall Riot" is associated with the civil rights movement for

A)women.
B)homosexuals.
C)African Americans.
D)Hispanic Americans.
E)Native Americans.

Question 15

The purpose of the 1969 Woodstock music festival was to

A)establish cooperatives based on the principles of communal living.
B)rally in protest to the Vietnam War.
C)make amends for the events of Altamont four months earlier.
D)help heal the cultural divisions within American society.
E)express the ideals of the counterculture philosophy.

Question 16

The Equal Pay Act

A)was struck down by the Supreme Court as an illegal restraint of trade.
B)was opposed by the Kennedy administration.
C)extended the legal protections of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to women.
D)finally became law at the end of the Johnson administration.
E)was passed by Congress in 1963.

Question 17

In the 1960s and 1970s,the agenda of the political left included

A)bringing an end to the Vietnam War.
B)transforming the nation's political order.
C)defining and asserting personal freedoms.
D)pursuing racial and economic justice.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following did NOT occur in the late 1960s and early 1970s due to American Indian activism?

A)Congress granted reservations "independent nation" status within the United States.
B)Indians fought for old treaty fishing rights in Washington State.
C)Indians occupied Alcatraz Island in the San Francisco Bay.
D)Congress passed an Indian Civil Rights Act.
E)Louis Bruce,a Mohawk-Sioux,was appointed as Nixon's commissioner of Indian affairs.

Question 19

In the 1960s,the youth counterculture

A)rejected the complaints by the "beats" in the 1950s.
B)was really little more than a change in clothing styles.
C)sought to overthrow the United States government through an armed revolution.
D)presented a fundamental challenge to American middle-class society.
E)attempted to differentiate itself from the stereotype of the "hippie."

Question 20

Throughout the late 1960s,

A)deferments for the military draft increased.
B)opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.
C)less than a hundred Americans chose to evade conscription by leaving the country.
D)both deferments for the military draft increased,and opposition in the United States to the Vietnam War intensified.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 21

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

A)expand the war effort to all parts of Vietnam.
B)have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting.
C)declare an immediate end to the conflict.
D)expand the war effort to all parts of Indochina.
E)concentrate American military power on destroying the NLF.

Question 22

The South Vietnam government in Saigon finally collapsed during the presidency of

A)Richard Nixon.
B)Gerald Ford.
C)Jimmy Carter.
D)Ronald Reagan.
E)George Bush.

Question 23

In 1972,the United States' "Christmas bombing" of North Vietnam

A)saw the United States suffer,by far,its greatest loss of bombers in the war.
B)resulted in a collapse of the peace talks.
C)dramatically altered the terms of the final peace agreement.
D)later drew an apology from President Richard Nixon.
E)avoided Hanoi for the sake of continuing peace talks.

Question 24

In April 1970,the antiwar movement was recharged by

A)the invasion by the United States of Cambodia.
B)shooting deaths of students at Kent State.
C)revelations regarding the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
D)the newspaper publication of the My Lai massacre.
E)the publication of the Pentagon Papers.

Question 25

In 1972,the Equal Rights Amendment

A)was strongly opposed by some women.
B)was passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification.
C)seemed almost certain to be ratified.
D)both was strongly opposed by some women,and seemed almost certain to be ratified.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 26

"Earth Day" in 1970 was

A)an effort to protect the environment from commercial development.
B)organized by American manufacturers of garden supplies.
C)an example of the popularization of environmentalism.
D)characterized by protests and confrontations between opposing sides.
E)only celebrated by members of the radical counterculture.

Question 27

Ecology rests primarily on the assumption that nature should be preserved

A)for its beauty.
B)because it was divinely created.
C)because humans need to maintain the interrelated balance of life.
D)because humans need a spiritual connection with the natural world.
E)because American democracy flourishes when land is plentiful and healthy.

Question 28

The Supreme Court decision in Roe v.Wade (1973)

A)made abortion legal for the first time in the history of the United States.
B)enabled women to obtain an abortion during any point of a pregnancy.
C)initially applied only to pregnancies resulting from rape or abuse.
D)invalidated all laws prohibiting abortion during the second trimester.
E)was based on a new legal interpretation of privacy rights.

Question 29

President Richard Nixon believed United States foreign policy should work toward

A)a bipolar world dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union.
B)improving the governments in less developed nations.
C)a balance of power among several major nations.
D)destruction of the government in the Soviet Union.
E)encouraging Europe to take up its own defense against the Soviet Union.

Question 30

Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring helped launch the modern environmental movement by focusing on the problems concerning

A)nuclear energy.
B)pesticides.
C)pollution in the oceans.
D)the destruction of forests.
E)global warming.

Question 31

The killing of South Vietnamese civilians by American soldiers in the village of My Lai

A)was not learned about until years after the war had ended.
B)did not result in any convictions of the Americans who took part.
C)attracted little public attention in the wake of the Cambodian invasion and the Pentagon Papers.
D)both was not learned about until years after the war had ended,and did not result in any convictions of the Americans who took part.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 32

The so-called Pentagon Papers

A)were suppressed by the Nixon administration until after the Vietnam War.
B)revealed the government had misled the public regarding the progress of the war.
C)indicated President Nixon had used the IRS to harass leaders of the antiwar movement.
D)showed that American operatives in Vietnam had carried out political assassinations.
E)revealed that the government had tried to cover up American involvement in the My Lai massacre.

Question 33

After the 1972 election,President Richard Nixon,to prompt a peace settlement with North Vietnam,

A)allowed the opening of North Vietnamese harbors.
B)withdrew American forces as North Vietnamese troops left from the South.
C)ordered an increase in the aerial bombing of North Vietnam.
D)broke off diplomatic negotiations with North Vietnam.
E)evacuated the American embassy in Saigon.

Question 34

Sandra Day O'Connor,the first female Supreme Court justice,was named to the court by

A)Jimmy Carter.
B)Ronald Reagan.
C)George Bush.
D)Bill Clinton.
E)George W.Bush.

Question 35

In the mid-1960s,the National Organization of Women focused its efforts on

A)changing the traditional concepts of women in the home.
B)addressing the needs of women in the workplace.
C)abortion rights.
D)helping poor and minority women.
E)passing the Equal Rights Amendment.

Question 36

In 1972,diplomat Henry Kissinger announced that "peace is at hand"

A)after a failed North Vietnamese offensive.
B)right before the American presidential election.
C)after the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons against North Vietnam.
D)before the final American ground troops were pulled out of Vietnam.
E)right before American troops embarked on the Easter offensive.

Question 37

As a result of the Vietnam War,

A)Vietnam became one of the world's poorest nations.
B)more than 1.2 million Vietnamese soldiers died.
C)the United States suffered more than 350,000 killed and wounded.
D)the United States suffered a considerable blow to its confidence and self-esteem.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 38

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A)gave women equal pay for equal work.
B)led to the creation of the National Organization of Women.
C)resulted in the creation of the President's Commission on the Status of Women.
D)was amended to include women in its protections against discrimination.
E)made no mention of gender discrimination in its final form.

Question 39

In 1971,President Richard Nixon believed an American withdrawal from Vietnam would

A)harm the credibility of himself and the nation.
B)enhance his public standing in the United States and the world.
C)silence his critics.
D)allow the nation to have "peace with honor."
E)force North Vietnam to live up to its promises regarding South Vietnam.

Question 40

In 1969 and 1970,President Richard Nixon sought to bring the Vietnam War to a close by

A)reducing the number of American ground troops in Vietnam.
B)expanding the American bombing campaign into Cambodia.
C)ordering American ground troops across the border into Cambodia.
D)both reducing the number of American ground troops in Vietnam,and expanding the American bombing campaign into Cambodia.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 41

The Yom Kippur War of 1973

A)saw the United States play no direct role in the outcome.
B)saw an American ally face a surprise attack.
C)saw the United States support efforts to oust Palestinians from their homes.
D)was a military victory for Palestinian Arabs.
E)saw Jordanian and Lebanese forces heavily involved in the fighting.

Question 42

In the early 1970s,the CIA played a major role in destabilizing a leftist government in

A)Nicaragua.
B)El Salvador.
C)Guatemala.
D)Peru.
E)Chile.

Question 43

After President Richard Nixon had appointed four new justices,the Supreme Court

A)became decidedly more conservative in its rulings.
B)became decidedly less active.
C)more closely reflected the president's own political beliefs.
D)attempted to overturn the Warren Court decision in Roe v.Wade.
E)actually increased its commitment to social reform.

Question 44

As part of his domestic agenda,President Richard Nixon

A)tried to end the forced busing of students to desegregate schools.
B)ordered affirmative action programs for workers on federally-funded projects.
C)abolished the Office of Economic Opportunity.
D)both tried to end the forced busing of students to desegregate schools,and abolished the Office of Economic Opportunity.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 45

The Supreme Court case Gideon v.Wainwright (1963)

A)limited the appeals process for state convictions.
B)established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
C)ruled that all felony defendants were entitled to a lawyer regardless of their ability to pay.
D)ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police.
E)sharply limited government curbs on pornography.

Question 46

The Supreme Court case Miranda v.Arizona (1966)

A)ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police.
B)required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights.
C)established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
D)did all of these: ruled that a defendant must have access to a lawyer before being questioned by police; required authorities to inform a criminal suspect of his or her legal rights; and established new guidelines for capital punishment cases.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 47

The Supreme Court case Bakke v.Board of Regents of California (1978)

A)limited the ability of defendants to appeal state convictions.
B)stopped a plan to transfer students across district lines to achieve racial integration.
C)ruled in favor of using forced busing to achieve racial balance in schools.
D)upheld the principle of affirmative action,with restrictions.
E)argued that limits on campaign funding violated the right to free speech.

Question 48

In the 1972 presidential election,

A)Richard Nixon carried every state but one.
B)George McGovern only carried his home state and the District of Columbia.
C)Richard Nixon won over 70 percent of the popular vote.
D)Richard Nixon both carried every state but one and won over 70 percent of the popular vote.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 49

In 1971,President Richard Nixon responded to mounting economic problems by

A)lowering interest rates to spur consumption.
B)lowering corporate taxes to spur investment.
C)sharply reducing the rate of inflation.
D)expanding the money supply.
E)imposing a freeze on all wages and prices.

Question 50

The Supreme Court case of Roe v.Wade (1973)

A)was one of the most controversial decisions in modern court history.
B)eliminated all restrictions on performing abortions.
C)turned conservatives further against the Warren Court.
D)both eliminated all restrictions on performing abortions and turned conservatives further against the Warren Court.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 51

In 1973,the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

A)refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel.
B)raised the price of oil by 500 percent.
C)helped to precipitate a fuel shortage in the United States.
D)both refused to ship oil to all nations that supported Israel,and raised the price of oil by 500 percent.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 52

In practice,the Nixon Doctrine led the United States to increase its support of

A)development in the Third World.
B)authoritarian regimes.
C)the activities of the United Nations.
D)democratic movements around the globe.
E)European colonialism.

Question 53

In 1972,the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty

A)was signed by all of the world's nuclear powers.
B)called for the suspension of all new nuclear weapons systems.
C)froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels.
D)both called for the suspension of all new nuclear weapons systems,and froze the arsenals of some nuclear missiles at their current levels.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 54

In the 1972 presidential campaign,an assassin attempted to kill which candidate?

A)Richard Nixon
B)George McGovern
C)George Wallace
D)Hubert Humphrey
E)Walter Mondale

Question 55

In the 1970s,the Nixon administration believed the world's most volatile region to be

A)the Middle East.
B)eastern Europe.
C)the so-called Third World.
D)China.
E)sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 56

The Supreme Court case Engel v.Vitale (1962)

A)argued that limits on campaign funding violated the right to free speech.
B)sharply limited government curbs on pornography.
C)ruled that forced busing to integrate public schools was constitutional.
D)declared that the application procedure for federal jobs must be open to the public.
E)ruled prayer in public schools was unconstitutional.

Question 57

The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Furman v.Georgia (1972)

A)overturned existing capital punishment statutes.
B)was upheld in the case of Gregg v.Georgia (1976.)
C)redefined the appeals process in death penalty convictions.
D)ruled that execution by hanging was unconstitutional.
E)favored the use of forced busing to achieve racial balance in schools.

Question 58

According to policies that came to be called the Nixon Doctrine,the United States would

A)assist in the development of friendly nations.
B)assume a basic responsibility for the future of friendly nations.
C)increase Third World contributions to shake up the status quo.
D)both assist in the development of friendly nations,and assume a basic responsibility for the future of friendly nations.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 59

President Richard Nixon's proposed Family Assistance Plan included

A)a maximum six-year participation in the federal welfare system.
B)federal support for parental leave following the birth of a child.
C)free medical care to all Americans over the age of seventy.
D)a guaranteed annual income for all Americans.
E)a program to replace Social Security with private retirement vouchers.

Question 60

In 1972,President Richard Nixon's visit to China

A)was designed to bring the United States closer to Chiang Kai-shek.
B)was opposed by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
C)moved the United States into a deeper conflict with the Soviet Union.
D)came after Taiwan was expelled from the United Nations.
E)aroused deep animosity from the majority of Chinese communists.

Question 61

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was

A)audio tape recordings made of most conversations in the Oval Office.
B)eyewitness testimony from Nixon confidants in the White House.
C)phone records kept by Nixon's personal secretary.
D)Nixon's personal diaries.
E)journals kept by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.

Question 62

The gay rights movement was the last major liberation effort begun in the 1960s.

Question 63

The Free Speech Movement was born on a college campus.

Question 64

In 1974,Richard Nixon left the presidency after he

A)was impeached.
B)resigned.
C)was convicted of obstructing justice.
D)was arrested.
E)lost a special election by huge margins.

Question 65

Throughout the Vietnam War,deferments from the military draft were increasingly easy to obtain for those in college.

Question 66

Stagflation refers to

A)falling prices and a falling inventory.
B)deflation and rising inventory.
C)flat prices,wages,and inventory.
D)rising prices and a weak economy.
E)high taxes and large budget deficits.

Question 67

The federal government's "termination" policy toward Native Americans contributed to a generation of Indian militancy.

Question 68

The United Farm Workers union was founded and first led by César Chávez.

Question 69

The Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968 recognized the legitimacy of tribal laws within the reservation.

Question 70

The political New Left emerged out of opposition to the military draft in the 1960s.

Question 71

The AIDS epidemic weakened the gay rights movement in the early 1980s.

Question 72

The founders of Students for a Democratic Society could accurately be described as hippies.

Question 73

In 1973,allegations of misconduct by Richard Nixon were made by presidential advisor

A)John Dean.
B)John Mitchell.
C)H.R.Haldeman.
D)Spiro Agnew.
E)John Ehrlichman.

Question 74

In 1972,two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to

A)the Committee for the Re-Election of the President.
B)a former employee of the Nixon White House.
C)a secret reelection fund controlled by White House staff.
D)both the Committee for the Re-Election of the President,and a secret reelection fund controlled by White House staff.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 75

The Supreme Court in the case United States v.Richard Nixon (1974)ruled that Nixon must

A)no longer tape conversations in the Oval Office.
B)turn over evidence to the special prosecutor.
C)be held in contempt of court.
D)be impeached.
E)resign.

Question 76

In 1972,the Watergate scandal began with a break-in at the

A)Washington Post newspaper building.
B)headquarters of the George McGovern campaign.
C)House of Representatives.
D)office of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist.
E)offices of the Democratic National Committee.

Question 77

In 1973,the so-called "Saturday night massacre" involved President Richard Nixon's firing of

A)the White House chief counsel.
B)most of his cabinet.
C)the special prosecutor investigating the Watergate case.
D)the White House chief of staff.
E)the attorney general.

Question 78

By 1973,there was mounting evidence that President Richard Nixon had

A)known about the Watergate break-in.
B)helped plan the Watergate break-in.
C)been part of the cover-up of the break-in.
D)both known about and been part of the cover-up of the Watergate break-in.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 79

In 1973,Vice President Spiro Agnew resigned his office because of his

A)involvement in the Watergate break-in.
B)involvement in the Watergate cover-up.
C)refusal to testify against Richard Nixon.
D)involvement in both the Watergate break-in and the Watergate cover-up.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 80

An important and controversial aspect of the counterculture was its more permissive view of sex and drugs.