Deck 27: The Cold War

Question 1

Between 1947 and 1950,Marshall Plan aid

A)was offered to the Soviet Union.
B)failed to significantly revive European industrial production.
C)had little impact on communist influence within nations that accepted aid.
D)was opposed by many Republicans in Congress.
E)grew more controversial after a Soviet coup in Czechoslovakia in 1948.

Answer 1

was offered to the Soviet Union.

Question 2

In 1948,the Soviet Union's blockade of West Berlin was primarily a response to the

A)Marshall Plan.
B)United States putting nuclear missiles in Turkey.
C)establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D)Truman Doctrine.
E)creation of a unified West Germany.

Answer 2

creation of a unified West Germany.

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding the "occupation zones" of Germany in 1945 is NOT true?

A)There were a total of four zones,each controlled by a different nation.
B)The zones were to be determined by the position of troops at the end of the war.
C)All of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.
D)At an unspecified date,Germany would be reunited.
E)Roosevelt preferred a reconstructed and reunited Germany.

Answer 3

All of Berlin was to be placed under Soviet control.

Question 4

The United States was motivated to develop the Marshall Plan due to

A)a humanitarian concern for European people.
B)a desire to contain communism in Europe.
C)a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
D)both a humanitarian concern for European people,and a desire to create strong European markets for American goods.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 5

In early 1945 at the Yalta Conference,

A)Franklin Roosevelt was too ill to attend.
B)Joseph Stalin withdrew a promise to enter the Pacific war.
C)Winston Churchill left early in a dispute with Stalin.
D)it was agreed the Soviet Union should regain land lost in the 1904 Russo-Japanese War.
E)Joseph Stalin refused to agree to Roosevelt and Churchill's plans for the United Nations.

Question 6

In 1945,President Harry Truman conceded to communist authority in

A)China.
B)Poland.
C)Berlin.
D)Hungary.
E)Yugoslavia.

Question 7

At the conclusion of the Yalta Conference in 1945,basic disagreements remained on

A)the government of Poland.
B)the unification of Germany.
C)war reparations to the Soviet Union.
D)both the government of Poland and the unification of Germany.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 8

In 1945 when Harry Truman became president,he

A)had almost no familiarity with foreign affairs.
B)believed Joseph Stalin could be trusted.
C)was already drawing up plans for his "Truman Doctrine."
D)looked to Great Britain to contain the Soviet Union.
E)renounced the Yalta accords signed by Roosevelt.

Question 9

In early 1943 at the Casablanca Conference,

A)Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt agreed the Axis powers must surrender unconditionally.
B)Joseph Stalin refused to attend.
C)Churchill and Roosevelt agreed to follow Stalin's strategy to defeat Germany.
D)Stalin threatened to make a separate peace with Germany.
E)Stalin argued against the Allies opening a second front in Western Europe.

Question 10

In late 1943 at the Tehran Conference,

A)Franklin Roosevelt knew Joseph Stalin urgently needed American aid in fighting Germany.
B)Winston Churchill agreed to enter the war in the Pacific as soon as Germany was defeated.
C)Franklin Roosevelt urged Joseph Stalin to postpone his westward offensive.
D)it was agreed that Poland should be put under Soviet control after the war.
E)Franklin Roosevelt promised an Anglo-American second front within six months.

Question 11

In the years immediately following World War II,the United States policy toward Asia saw

A)the United States intervene militarily in China to fight communist advances there.
B)President Harry Truman place restrictions on industrial development in Japan.
C)President Truman threaten communists in China with atomic bombs.
D)the United States provide financial support to Mao Zedong for reasons of stability.
E)the Truman administration encourage the rapid economic growth of Japan.

Question 12

In 1945,Joseph Stalin's vision of a postwar world in which great powers would control strategic areas of interest was largely shared by

A)Charles de Gaulle.
B)Winston Churchill.
C)Franklin Roosevelt.
D)Mao Zedong.
E)Harry Truman.

Question 13

In 1947,the Truman Doctrine

A)asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world.
B)assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
C)was originally invoked to provide aid to Greece and Turkey.
D)both asserted it was the obligation of the United States to support free peoples around the world,and assumed the Soviet Union would continually attempt a global expansion of its authority.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 14

President Harry Truman initially decided to "get tough" with the Soviet Union

A)following the end of the war in the Pacific.
B)once the United States had successfully used the atomic bomb.
C)at the Potsdam Conference.
D)after his first few days in office.
E)after it became clear Stalin was supporting communist forces in China.

Question 15

By 1945,the Chinese government of Chiang Kai-shek had

A)grown antagonistic toward the United States.
B)designs on taking over conquered Japan.
C)little popular support.
D)drifted toward communism.
E)willingly ceded authority to Mao Zedong.

Question 16

Beginning in 1947,the United States' policy of "containment" was

A)the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years.
B)first applied in Poland.
C)an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
D)both the basis for its foreign policy for more than forty years,and an extension of the Atlantic Charter.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 17

The National Security Act of 1947 created

A)the National Security Council.
B)the Central Intelligence Agency.
C)the Department of Defense.
D)both the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 18

In 1945,when the United States Senate considered the proposed United Nations,it

A)initially rejected American membership.
B)quickly ratified the agreement by a large majority.
C)refused to vote on the charter for nearly a year.
D)made major changes to its charter.
E)put the question to a national referendum.

Question 19

In designing the structure of the new United Nations,planners called for

A)each nation on the Security Council to have veto power over the others.
B)a General Assembly in which select nations would have voting rights.
C)the president of the UN to be selected from one of the five major powers.
D)membership to be limited to one hundred nations.
E)Germany and Japan to be added to the Security Council after twenty-five years.

Question 20

Between the Yalta Conference and his death,President Franklin Roosevelt

A)saw no evidence that Stalin would not live up to his promises at Yalta.
B)concluded that diplomacy would not settle American differences with Stalin.
C)began planning for a military confrontation against the Soviet Union.
D)frequently conveyed his fears about Russia to Vice President Harry Truman.
E)became increasingly concerned that Stalin was not going to fulfill conference agreements.

Question 21

In 1948,the Americans for Democratic Action

A)was a coalition of conservative Democrats.
B)supported Henry Wallace for president.
C)was the major support group for President Harry Truman.
D)supported Strom Thurmond for president.
E)tried to draft Dwight Eisenhower for president.

Question 22

The 1946 elections

A)revealed growing public support for President Harry Truman's domestic agenda.
B)saw the Democrats retain control of the House,but lose the Senate.
C)saw Republicans win control of both houses of Congress.
D)saw President Truman chastise Republican critics with the slogan "Had Enough?"
E)saw Republicans argue that Truman aimed to roll back the New Deal.

Question 23

In 1949,the Truman administration made progress in civil rights by

A)making lynching a federal crime.
B)abolishing the poll tax.
C)ordering an end to discrimination in the hiring of government employees.
D)establishing the Fair Employment Practices Commission.
E)ordering the desegregation of public transportation.

Question 24

President Harry Truman's Fair Deal called for

A)a retraction of many New Deal programs.
B)an end to public housing.
C)a freeze on the minimum wage to combat inflation.
D)the creation of national health insurance.
E)an end to the Fair Employment Practices Act and other wartime measures.

Question 25

Which of the following statements regarding Korea is NOT true?

A)In 1945,both the United States and the Soviet Union had troops in Korea.
B)The Soviet Union established a communist government in the north.
C)The United States left Korea in 1946.
D)The Soviet Union left Korea in 1949.
E)The country was divided along the 38th parallel.

Question 26

In 1948,President Harry Truman responded to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin by

A)sending American paratroopers into West Berlin.
B)airlifting supplies to West Berlin.
C)threatening war with the Soviet Union.
D)encouraging the United Nations to pass economic sanctions.
E)creating a blockade of East Berlin.

Question 27

President Harry Truman responded to the 1946 election results by

A)deciding not to run for office in 1948.
B)becoming more conservative.
C)proposing a major civil rights bill.
D)abandoning his Fair Deal.
E)calling his opponents "soft on communism."

Question 28

In 1949,the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

A)was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact.
B)called for a de-militarized zone across Western Europe.
C)declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
D)both was created in response to the Soviet Union's Warsaw Pact,and declared that an attack on one member nation was an attack on all.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 29

Following World War II,the great majority of working American women

A)kept the same jobs they had during the war.
B)voluntarily left the labor force.
C)moved to jobs outside the service sector.
D)found themselves excluded from nearly all employment.
E)wanted to keep working.

Question 30

In 1950,the immediate cause of the Korean War was the

A)decision by the United States to send troops to South Korea.
B)triumph of communism in China.
C)military invasion by North Korea into South Korea.
D)division of Korea into northern and southern halves.
E)military invasion of North Korea by China.

Question 31

In the last months of 1949,events in the Soviet Union and China included

A)Russia's successful test of an atomic weapon.
B)the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces.
C)the death of Joseph Stalin.
D)both the collapse of Mao Zedong's government to communist forces,and the death of Joseph Stalin.
E)All these answers are correct.

Question 32

The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947

A)prohibited the "union shop."
B)expanded the Wagner Act.
C)permitted the "closed shop."
D)permitted states to pass "right-to-work" laws.
E)was supported by President Truman.

Question 33

The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944

A)was limited to servicemen who had been wounded in combat.
B)mainly provided counseling for emotionally troubled veterans.
C)helped to reduce government spending.
D)gave housing and education subsidies to veterans.
E)explicitly discriminated against African Americans.

Question 34

In the 1948 presidential election,

A)most people believed Harry Truman would win.
B)President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters.
C)the Progressive and Dixiecrat candidates combined for 20 percent of the popular vote.
D)both of these were the case: Most people believed Harry Truman would win,and President Truman refrained from attacking Republicans for fear of alienating voters.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 35

A 1948 public opinion poll revealed that a majority of Americans believed atomic power would

A)cause significant harm to the environment if used as an energy source.
B)likely result in the destruction of much of human civilization in the next few decades.
C)be used in war within the next five years.
D)have few practical applications in the foreseeable future.
E)do more good than harm in the long run.

Question 36

After World War II,in Korea,the government of Syngman Rhee

A)was pro-Western.
B)had a powerful military.
C)was supported by the Soviet Union.
D)was backed by communists in China.
E)was remarkably democratic.

Question 37

The 1950 National Security Council report known as NSC-68 stated that

A)Western allies must take the initiative in resisting communism in their region.
B)the United States must resist communism anywhere it developed in the world.
C)the defense of Western Europe was the key to winning the fight on communism.
D)the United States must gradually increase its level of defense spending.
E)Chinese aggression against Taiwan would result in war.

Question 38

In 1949,President Harry Truman succeeded in getting Congress to pass

A)civil rights legislation.
B)nationalized health care.
C)federal aid to education.
D)aid for public housing.
E)significant tax cuts.

Question 39

The Supreme Court case of Shelley v.Kraemer (1948)dealt with

A)voter discrimination.
B)housing discrimination.
C)communism in the United States.
D)labor unions.
E)Truman's plans for national health care.

Question 40

During 1946-1947,the American economy

A)was plagued by serious inflation.
B)experienced few labor strikes.
C)fell back to Depression conditions.
D)witnessed a significant tax increase.
E)confronted a wave of unexpected bank failures.

Question 41

Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin were in general agreement that the post-World War II world should not return to the traditional European balance of power.

Question 42

In 1950,Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were accused of spying for

A)the Soviet Union.
B)North Korea.
C)China.
D)Poland.
E)Israel.

Question 43

The initial response of the American public to the dismissal of General Douglas MacArthur was

A)anger at the United Nations.
B)criticism of MacArthur.
C)relief that nuclear war had been avoided.
D)anger at China.
E)criticism of President Truman.

Question 44

In 1951,President Harry Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur of command because MacArthur

A)publicly stated that an invasion of China would be a military disaster.
B)publicly criticized President Truman's policy in Korea.
C)refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
D)both publicly criticized Truman's policy in Korea and refused to support Truman's plan to use atomic weapons in Korea.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 45

At Casablanca,Roosevelt and Churchill announced that they would accept nothing less than the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers.

Question 46

Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin met together for the first time at Tehran.

Question 47

Joseph McCarthy burst to national prominence by charging that there were known communists in the

A)State Department.
B)Defense Department.
C)Truman cabinet.
D)Central Intelligence Agency.
E)United States Senate.

Question 48

During the Korean War,the Truman administration faced major strikes in the industries of

A)rail and steel.
B)steel and textiles.
C)textiles and coal.
D)coal and rail.
E)rail and textiles.

Question 49

During the Korean War,the American invasion at Inchon

A)was aimed at preventing Chinese communists from entering the war.
B)was a military debacle.
C)led to a fight between General Douglas MacArthur and President Harry Truman.
D)prompted President Truman to try to push communists out of North Korea.
E)was ultimately thwarted due to the surprise intervention of the Chinese navy.

Question 50

During Joseph McCarthy's investigation into alleged subversion in government,

A)Republicans criticized his broad attacks on the Democratic Party.
B)Dwight Eisenhower spoke against him after McCarthy attacked George Marshall in 1952.
C)he never produced conclusive evidence that any federal employee was a communist.
D)much of the public criticized his blunt tactics and coarse behavior.
E)he drew particularly strong support from the "eastern establishment."

Question 51

In 1947,the first target of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)was

A)labor unions.
B)the Democratic Party.
C)the State Department.
D)the American Communist Party.
E)the movie industry.

Question 52

The McCarran Internal Security Act

A)outlawed all communist organizations in the United States.
B)created the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
C)was strongly supported by the Truman administration.
D)stripped American citizenship from all known communists.
E)required communist organizations to register with the government.

Question 53

As a result of the Korean War,the

A)American economy was dragged into a recession.
B)American public felt reassured that communism was being contained.
C)stature of the American military increased.
D)American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.
E)government reduced the amount of money it was pumping into the economy.

Question 54

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were

A)not members of the Communist Party.
B)accused of passing American secrets to its enemies.
C)convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
D)both accused of passing American secrets to its enemies,and convicted and sentenced to life in prison.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 55

Which of the following statements regarding the HUAC investigation of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers is NOT true?

A)Chambers was a former communist agent.
B)Classified documents allegedly stolen by Hiss were kept hidden by Chambers in a pumpkin.
C)The case cast suspicion on a generation of liberal Democrats.
D)Hiss was convicted of espionage.
E)Hiss served several years in prison.

Question 56

In 1950,the Truman administration responded to the onset of fighting in Korea by

A)declaring war on North Korea.
B)calling on the United Nations to intervene.
C)warning China not to intervene.
D)threatening the use of atomic weapons.
E)telling South Korea to stand down.

Question 57

The results of the election of 1952 saw

A)the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress.
B)the end to a long period of Democratic dominance.
C)a close outcome between the two major parties.
D)all of these: the Republicans take control of the White House but not the Congress; the end to a long period of Democratic dominance; and a close outcome between the two major parties.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 58

When Joseph McCarthy first leveled charges of communist infiltration in the government,he was a

A)member of the State Department.
B)private citizen.
C)first-term Republican senator.
D)member of the Defense Department.
E)Democratic member of the House.

Question 59

The election of 1952 saw

A)a contest between two war heroes,neither of whom had ever held elective office.
B)President Harry Truman run for another term.
C)Richard Nixon forced to step down from the Republican ticket.
D)Joseph McCarthy run for president.
E)television play a significant role in the campaign.

Question 60

In 1947,the Truman administration responded to Republican attacks that it was weak on communism by

A)ignoring them.
B)charging the Republicans with harboring communists within their own party.
C)beginning an investigation into the loyalty of federal employees.
D)blaming lax security on the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
E)supporting passage of the McCarran Internal Security Act.

Question 61

At the Yalta Conference,Stalin agreed again to enter the war in the Pacific against Japan.

Question 62

Marshall Plan assistance was eventually accepted by sixteen nations.

Question 63

At Tehran,Stalin made it clear that he urgently needed a second front against Nazi Germany.

Question 64

The National Security Act represented an attempt by Congress to gain a measure of control over the making of American foreign policy.

Question 65

At Yalta,Roosevelt and Stalin agreed that Germany should be permanently divided.

Question 66

The Yalta accords were less a settlement of postwar issues than a set of loose principles.

Question 67

An integral part of the American policy of Cold War containment was to extend American economic aid to the rebuilding of Western Europe.

Question 68

The Soviets responded to the creation of NATO by forming an alliance with communist governments called the Warsaw Pact.

Question 69

The Soviet Union was invited to participate in the Marshall Plan.

Question 70

All members of NATO were required to maintain a standing military force in Europe to defend against a possible Soviet move into Western Europe.

Question 71

President Truman waited until after the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan to "get tough" with the Soviets.

Question 72

In 1945,a small percentage of working women wanted to continue working after the war.

Question 73

At the time that he became president,Harry Truman shared former President Roosevelt's faith that the Soviet Union would be reasonable and flexible.

Question 74

The "zones of occupation" for postwar Germany left Berlin well inside the Soviet zone.

Question 75

President Truman was not willing to risk war with the Soviets by undertaking an American military response to Stalin's 1948 decision to blockade Berlin.

Question 76

The Truman Doctrine called for the United States to send troops to Greece and Turkey.

Question 77

NSC-68 presumed that the United States could not necessarily rely on other nations to aid in resisting communism.

Question 78

At the Tehran Conference,Churchill,Roosevelt,and Stalin avoided bitterness by coming to a final settlement on the future of Poland.

Question 79

At Yalta,negotiators for the United States,Britain,and the Soviet Union agreed to create a United Nations with a Security Council in which the major powers would have the power to veto proposed action.

Question 80

President Truman's China policy was based on continued support of Chiang Kai-shek,but without a commitment to intervene militarily to save his regime.