Deck 15: Buss: Evolutionary Theory of Personality

Question 1

,and later popularized by the anthropologist John Tooby and psychologist Leda Cosmides in the early 1990s.

A)evolutionary psychology
B)sociobiology
C)social evolution
D)bio-evolution

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is more so a product of chance,also known as "random effects"?

A)noise
B)adaptations
C)mutations
D)by-products.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The term ___________ can be defined as the scientific study of human thought and behavior from an evolutionary perspective and focuses on four big questions.

A)bio-evolution
B)evolutionary psychology
C)sociobiology
D)social evolution

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Social psychologists use the term ______________ to describe our tendency to ignore situational and environmental forces when explaining the behavior of other people and instead focus on internal dispositions.

A)fundamental attribution error
B)functional dynamics
C)fundamental situational error
D)solutions or mechanisms

Question 5

Define,explain,and discuss briefly the three different types of selection focused on by evolutionary theorists.

Question 6

Traits that happen as a result of adaptations but are not part of the functional design are called _________.

A)by-products
B)noise
C)mutations
D)adaptations

Question 7

Which one of the following is not one of the types of selection focused on by evolutionary theorists?

A)artificial selection
B)natural selection
C)seminal selection
D)sexual selection

Question 8

A)social evolution
B)bio-evolution
C)sociobiology
D)evolutionary psychology
E)O.Wilson when he argued for a merger of the biological and social sciences and dubbed his movement

Question 9

The essence of Buss's theory of personality revolves around adaptive problems and their _____________.

A)fundamental attribution errors
B)fundamental situational errors
C)functional dynamics
D)solutions or mechanisms

Question 10

________ are evolved strategies that solve important survival and/or reproductive problems.

A)Noise.
B)Adaptations.
C)Mutations
D)By-products

Question 11

For Charles Darwin,it has been clear that all life forms are confronted with two fundamental problems of adaptation,namely __________ and ___________.

A)natural selection,artificial selection
B)fundamental,attribution errors
C)survival,reproduction
D)fundamental,situational errors

Question 12

David Buss states that the evolutionary process of natural and sexual selection and chance results in three distinct outcomes: adaptations,by-products and noise.Define and discuss these three distinct outcome.

Question 13

Name and describe Buss's five personality dimensions.

Question 14

The tendency to assume that the environment alone can produce behavior void of a stable internal mechanism is called ___________.

A)fundamental attribution error
B)functional dynamics
C)fundamental situational error
D)solutions or mechanisms

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the distinct outcomes of the evolutionary process of natural selection,sexual selection,and chance?

A)adaptations
B)by-products
C)mutations
D)noise

Question 16

The term ___________ refers to the process of evolution by natural selection has produced solutions to the two basic problems of life keyed on by Darwin and Buss.

A)natural selection
B)artificial selection
C)surgency
D)mechanisms

Question 17

Buss states that there are ______ specific main classes of mechanism.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 18

Who were the first thinkers to argue for an evolutionary perspective of psychological thought and behavior?

A)Darwin and Spencer
B)Freud and Jung
C)Aristotle and Plato
D)Tooby and Cosmides

Question 19

The evolutionary process of natural and sexual selection and chance results in _____ distinct outcomes.

A)two
B)five
C)three
D)six

Question 20

Which one of following theorists laid the foundation for the modern theory of evolution?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Charles Darwin
C)Hans Eysenck
D)Carl Rogers

Question 21

People high in __________ are also driven and ambitious.

A)surgency
B)openness
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness

Question 22

The third adaptive personality system revolves around response to danger and threat and is referred to as ____________.

A)conscientiousness
B)agreeableness/hostility
C)emotional stability/neuroticism
D)surgency

Question 23

The fourth adaptive personality system revolves around one's capacity and commitment to work and is the core characteristic of _______________.

A)openness
B)emotional stability
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness

Question 24

Buss argues for essentially the same five personality dimensions (Big Five) but with slightly different terminology.Which is not one of Buss's categories?

A)surgency/extraversion/dominance
B)neuroticism/psychoticism
C)agreeableness
D)conscientiousness

Question 25

Buss argues that the five main dimensions of personality (Big Five) can be best thought of as a way of summarizing the ____________.

A)human dynamic
B)strategies of personhood
C)need of belongingness
D)social landscape

Question 26

_________ is also marked by a tendency to take risks and to experience positive emotion (i.e.,be happy) and initiating and maintaining friendships and relationships.

A)Conscientiousness
B)Openness
C)Agreeableness
D)Surgency

Question 27

Two goals and motives that act as evolved mechanisms are -

A)survival-ability and dominance.
B)power and intimacy.
C)politics and economics.
D)belongingness and social-ability.

Question 28

_____________ is change in gene function that does not involve changes in DNA

A)Genetic adaptation
B)Epigenetics
C)Genetic determinism
D)Genetic trigger

Question 29

starts with the assumption that motivation,emotion,and personality are adaptive in that they solve problems of _______________.

A)survival and reproduction
B)introversion and extroversion.
C)psychoticism and neuroticism.
D)narcissism and frotteurism.

Question 30

Buss and his colleague Heidi Greiling propose _______ distinct sources of individual differences

A)four
B)five
C)three
D)seven

Question 31

argues that of the five personality dimensions,________________________ are the most important traits because they most directly provide answers to a host of adaptive problems.

A)agreeableness and openness
B)surgency/dominance,agreeableness,and conscientious
C)emotional stability,agreeableness and openness
D)conscientious and agreeableness/hostility

Question 32

A second dimension of personality,______________,is marked by a person's willingness and capacity to cooperate and help the group on the one hand or to be hostile and aggressive on the other.

A)conscientiousness
B)openness/intellect.
C)emotional stability
D)agreeableness/hostility

Question 33

Psychological mechanisms relevant to personality can be grouped into _______ main categories.

A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five

Question 34

__________ involves the disposition to experience positive emotional states and to engage in one's environment and to be sociable and self-confident.

A)Agreeableness
B)Surgency
C)Conscientiousness
D)Openness

Question 35

A second origin of environment induced individual differences is _______________,which means that different people find what makes them stand out from others in order to gain attention from parents or potential mates.

A)early experiential calibration
B)alternative niche specialization
C)nonadaptive sources
D)maladaptive sources

Question 36

Psychological mechanisms relevant to personality can be grouped into all the following categories,except:

A)goals/drives/motives.
B)emotions.
C)nature/nurture.
D)traits.

Question 37

The fifth adaptive personality system is the evolved strategy of ____________ involves one's propensity for innovation and ability to solve problems.

A)agreeableness
B)conscientiousness
C)openness
D)emotional stability

Question 38

__________ mechanisms are physiological organs and systems that evolved to solve problems of survival

A)Psychological
B)Survival
C)Physical
D)Adaptive

Question 39

___________ mechanisms are internal and specific cognitive,motivational,and personality systems that solve specific survival and reproduction problems.

A)Survival
B)Adaptive
C)Physical
D)Psychological

Question 40

One environmental source of personality differences is what Buss termed __________________,by which he meant that childhood experiences make some behavioral strategies more likely than others.

A)heritable (genetic) sources
B)early experiential calibration
C)nonadaptive sources
D)maladaptive sources

Question 41

Evolutionary theory of personality rates moderate _______________________.

A)on internal consistency
B)as a guide for practitioners
C)on the criterion of parsimony
D)on organizing known knowledge

Question 42

HYPERLINK "" 50.Evolutionary theory of personality's concept of humanity is most surprising due to its stance on __________________.

A)biological versus social influence
B)causality versus teleology
C)unconscious influences
D)the uniqueness of the individual

Question 43

Evolutionary theory of personality rates high ______________________.

A)on internal consistency
B)as a guide for practitioners
C)on the criterion of parsimony
D)on organizing known knowledge

Question 44

Evolutionary psychology and evolutionary theory of personality have its own scientific society called __________________.

A)Human Behavior and Evolutionary Society
B)Evolutionary Society of Frotteurers
C)Society of Sociobiologists
D)Personality and Genetics Society

Question 45

Just like in biology,there is much support for the evolutionary basis of human personality,which can be divided into general topics of: _______________________.

A)nature and nurture
B)sociology and biology
C)attitude,nature,and emotional evolution
D)temperament,genetics,and animal personality

Question 46

Evolutionary theory of personality rates relatively low ______________________.

A)on internal consistency
B)as a guide for practitioners
C)on the criterion of parsimony
D)on organizing known knowledge

Question 47

Evolutionary theory of personality argues that the theory rates quite highly ______________________.

A)on internal consistency
B)as a guide for practitioners
C)on the criterion of parsimony
D)on organizing known knowledge

Question 48

Evolutionary psychology and evolutionary theory of personality has its own journal called __________________.

A)Evolution and Human Genetics
B)Evolution and Personality
C)Evolution and Human Dynamics
D)Evolution and Human Behavior

Question 49

Which statement is most true for the evolutionary theory of personality as it relates as a guide for practitioners in psychology:

A)The theory is more abstract and pure than concrete and applied.
B)The theory is more concrete and applied than abstract and pure.
C)The theory is more abstract and concrete than pure and applied.
D)The theory is more pure and concrete than abstract and applied.

Question 50

The differences in behavior have a biological basis and are known as __________ which lays the foundation for personality traits.

A)surgency
B)genetic activity
C)temperament
D)biological manifestation