Deck 9: Labor Forces

Question 1

The vulnerable workforce is characterized by low earnings,low productivity,and working conditions that undermine a worker's rights.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Forcing children,especially in developing nations,out of factories and fields and into schools is a step forward for them.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The aggregate remittances sent home by foreign works is greater than the total global foreign aid.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The largest number of immigrants to the U.S.comes from Europe.

Question 5

Most child labor occurs in the textile sector,on a global basis.

Question 6

Low birth rates and low levels of immigration are leading to a decline in populations in many developed countries.

Question 7

The vulnerable workforce is now,as a result of the financial crisis,estimated to be one-half the global workforce.

Question 8

The U.S.has 5 percent of the world's population and 20 percent of the world's migrants.

Question 9

The global unemployment rate is estimated to be at 12.6 percent.

Question 10

work under conditions that are exploitative.

Question 11

India and Egypt are the world's two most populated countries.

Question 12

Labor quantity refers to the attitudes,education,and skills of available employees.

Question 13

Labor quality refers to the caste or upbringing of the employee.

Question 14

As the labor force moves from agricultural work to industrial employment and from rural to urban areas,the number of vulnerable workers decreases.

Question 15

More than half of all victims of forced labor are women and girls.

Question 16

Less than 20 percent of the world's population lived in urban areas in 1950; today it is over half.

Question 17

Populations in developing nations tend to be growing larger and younger at the same time.

Question 18

In 2010,31 percent of the world's population was under the age of 15.

Question 19

Classical economists assumed that labor was a mobile production factor.

Question 20

The major effects of the 2009 financial crisis on the workforce are not yet known.

Question 21

Guest workers provide needed labor in countries with declining populations,an arrangement which works well in good economic times but can be problematic in a time of economic constraint.

Question 22

The nations with the largest number of migrants to other nations are France,Australia and Israel.

Question 23

Labor unions in Europe tend to be affiliated with political parties,whereas unions in the U.S.tend to be more pragmatic,and those in Japan tend to identify strongly with the interests of the company.

Question 24

When educated immigrants decide to return home,their adopted country experiences reverse brain drain.

Question 25

Global labor unions tend to bring similar benefits to members in all countries.

Question 26

Family-related employment benefits such as paid maternity leave and parental leave are guaranteed in all developed countries.

Question 27

In developing nations with poor education systems,the effects of poverty and disease on the workforce are minimal and can be overcome with good HR practices.

Question 28

Because all Americans are middle class,there are no issues of class,social status or gender equity in the workplace.

Question 29

Union membership is high in France and Japan and low in Denmark and Sweden.

Question 30

Aging populations are more pronounced in developed countries due to the stresses of rural living.

Question 31

In traditional societies,sometimes minorities,well-educated and knowledgeable about the local culture,are easy for foreign firms to become overly dependent on; a problem if these minorities are unpopular with the majority local population.

Question 32

Child labor figures include only children who are paid real wages and employed legally.

Question 33

Studies show a relationship between women's education and a nation's overall prosperity.

Question 34

A full quarter of all college-educated workers in the U.S.are foreign-born,and more than 50 percent of workers with doctorates in engineering are,as well.

Question 35

As a recipient of talent from developing countries,the U.S.has come to depend heavily on immigrants.

Question 36

Immigration can be a net positive for inflation and international cost-competitiveness,but it often is seen to reduce wage levels,a factor which makes immigration unpopular with labor unions.

Question 37

Korea shows the greatest gap in gender earnings and Belgium the least.The U.S.and Canada are above the OECD average on this measure.

Question 38

Outsourcing may be a way for the firm to avoid operating with a labor union.

Question 39

The need for the United Nations pledge against racism is a reminder that racial friction exists in many locales.

Question 40

The International Labor Organization reports that immigrants send home,on average,$6.3 trillion per year.

Question 41

Migrant labor stretches from

A)highly skilled to "3-D" jobs
B)low skilled to "3-D" jobs
C)high tech to pharmaceutical jobs
D)competitive to difficult to fill

Question 42

Forced labor is the most common in

A)developed economies.
B)prisons.
C)South and East Asia.
D)extractive industries.

Question 43

In 2008,what percentage of the U.S.population was foreign-born?

A)2%
B)24.5%
C)12.5%
D)1.2%

Question 44

The largest percentage of population aged 65 and above,as projected for 2015,is to be found in

A)developed nations,especially Europe,Canada and Australia.
B)India and China.
C)southern Africa.
D)the middle East and North Africa.

Question 45

In 2010,what percent of the world's population was 65 or older?

A)2%
B)7.6%
C)24.5%
D)43%

Question 46

UNICEF suggests that to avoid child labor

A)all children under 14 should be in school.
B)developed nations should exercise caution in their purchasing of products produced through child labor.
C)foreign aid should go to families that allow their children to be employed.
D)none of the above.

Question 47

One challenge presented to employers by the rural to urban migration is

A)keeping the rural immigrants in the cities.
B)supporting the lifestyle adjustment necessary for rural immigrants in an urban work setting.
C)maintaining the rural immigrant's interest in work.
D)finding urban recreation areas for the rural immigrants,such as football fields and baseball diamonds.

Question 48

Worldwide,labor tends to be

A)immobile.
B)unreliable.
C)mobile.
D)well-trained.

Question 49

Growing labor pools are found in

A)Japan.
B)countries with high levels of immigration.
C)many developing countries.
D)C and B

Question 50

Countries with the largest populations are

A)China and India
B)U.S.and Mexico
C)European Union countries (27 members)
D)Southeast Asia,incl.Indonesia

Question 51

The 2010 global unemployment rate is estimated to be

A)15.5%
B)6.6%
C)2.5%
D)24%

Question 52

UNICEF's Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes

A)pay-levels and limits to working hours.
B)basic standards for child labor,including nondiscrimination,devotion to the best interests of the child,and the child's right to development.
C)basic parameters for child labor,including salary,hours,required schooling,and foreign language instruction.
D)the rights of the child to seek employment within OSHA standards.

Question 53

By 2010,more than half the world's workforce

A)is located in urban areas.
B)is located in rural areas.
C)is located in edge cities.
D)is located in urban areas in developing countries.

Question 54

According to UNICEF,this proportion of the world's children are exploited by their employers:

A)one in 20.
B)one in six.
C)one in 50.
D)there have been no accurate estimates made on exploited child labor because child labor is hidden.

Question 55

The major motivation for immigration is

A)a better economic situation.
B)a more stimulating environment.
C)a safer,more secure environment.
D)all of the above.

Question 56

The workforce in these two countries is primarily agricultural.

A)U.S.and Mexico
B)USSR and Australia
C)Canada and Spain
D)China and India

Question 57

Europe's and Japan's populations are predicted to decline substantially between now and 2050; reversing this course could be accomplished by

A)tax incentives for larger families.
B)encouraged immigration.
C)subsidized child-rearing.
D)all of the above.

Question 58

Human trafficking may include

A)bonded labor,involuntary servitude,and debt bondage.
B)under-age soldiers.
C)descent-based slavery.
D)All of these.

Question 59

South-western Africa,Australia,Russia,Europe and the U.S.all have

A)negative net migration rates.
B)entry barriers for immigrants.
C)histories of net emigration.
D)positive net migration rates.

Question 60

The vulnerable workforce is likely to include

A)women.
B)part time workers.
C)immigrants and unskilled workers.
D)all of the above.

Question 61

Child labor

A)should be roundly condemned.
B)needs to be understood and addressed within its context.
C)is morally wrong and should be outlawed.
D)is a fact of life and needs to be ignored.

Question 62

In a twist on the traditional brain drain,when skilled immigrants return to their home countries,the U.S.may lose its native talent to developing countries that offer researchers

A)excitement and freedom of self-direction.
B)support and facilities in areas such as stem cell research,which the U.S.has limited.
C)enticing expat contracts.
D)reasons to return home.

Question 63

Human trafficking and forced labor are often linked because

A)forced labor often involves the selling of human services in activities such as prostitution and slave/bonded labor,activities that are conducted out of sight.
B)moving humans illegally is often a part of human trafficking.
C)they are both illegal and not common in western democracies.
D)forced labor can lead to illegal searches.

Question 64

In the U.S.,what approximate percentage of workers with doctorates in engineering is foreign-born?

A)20%
B)03%
C)75%
D)50%

Question 65

In employment policies of an international firm,social status issues need to be

A)ignored,so that all workers have equity.
B)paid careful attention to,so that issues arising from them can be foreseen.
C)relegated to local control,because that is where status issues appear.
D)understood and then flaunted,so that locals learn about diversity.

Question 66

Worldwide,what approximate percentage of senior management positions is held by women?

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)01%

Question 67

American firms contribute to reverse brain drain from the U.S.by

A)terminating foreign workers.
B)outsourcing knowledge work,which pulls talent back to the home country.
C)encouraging their best U.S.researchers to accept foreign postings.
D)hiring globally.

Question 68

All unions worldwide represent the worker in opposition to the company.

A)True,especially in former communist countries.
B)True,and this situation is emphasized as unions become global.
C)Not the case at all.Japan is a counter-example.Unions tend to follow the values of the national culture.
D)True,in the handful of countries where unions still exist.

Question 69

Minorities in traditional societies are at times the target of local racism because

A)the minorities may be more prosperous and successful than are the locals.
B)locals want the minorities to integrate with the majority society.
C)locals are intimidated by the minority's culture.
D)minorities flaunt their superiority over the locals.

Question 70

In many developing nations,the labor situation brings with it challenges due to

A)unwillingness to take positions with foreign employers.
B)suspicion and distrust of foreigners.
C)transitions from rural to urban situations.
D)the effects of poverty and health issues.

Question 71

Trade unions represent the largest percentage of workers in

A)Sweden and Denmark.
B)France and the U.S.
C)the Netherlands and Switzerland.
D)Italy and Canada.

Question 72

Patriarchal,traditional values may explain some

A)attitudes toward the vulnerable workforce.
B)preferences for local-level workplace policies.
C)sexism in the workplace.
D)preference for immigrant workers.

Question 73

Brain drain affects developing countries because

A)the migration is an insult to national pride.
B)tax receipts are reduced.
C)they loose talent to migration,and this impacts their development.
D)lower SAT scores lead to fewer opportunities for international study.

Question 74

In some Central American and Sub-Saharan countries,what percentage of the college-educated population emigrates?

A)10%
B)50%
C)80%
D)90%

Question 75

Countries in which women hold a significant percentage of senior management positions includes

A)Philippines and Russia
B)U.S.and Canada
C)UK and France
D)Argentina and Germany

Question 76

Women's salaries in Western countries are equal to men's salaries.

A)No; in fact,in the U.S.,Germany,Canada,the UK,Finland and Portugal,the gender salary gap is above the OECD average.
B)Yes,this is the case.Korea shows the highest gender salary gap.
C)No,women's salaries have exceeded men's salaries,as more women have begun to graduate from business schools.
D)Yes.Women's earnings are exactly equal to men's earnings,after yeas of catching up.

Question 77

Guest workers are immigrants who

A)immigrate for specified periods to perform service,factory or construction work.
B)travel seasonally,usually without visas,in agricultural work.
C)obtain visas to work on specific projects,usually in scientific research.
D)immigrant workers who are highly skilled and sign premium contracts.

Question 78

Social status is a consideration in employment because

A)status is important,especially in low context cultures.
B)employment practices need to take into account social status issues as they affect relationships at work.
C)whom you decide to employ reflects the social status of your firm.
D)reporting relationships need to reflect social status relationships.

Question 79

On global labor standards,the IMF suggests that

A)harmonized standards would be a way to control problematic employment practices.
B)harmonized labor standards reduce labor related inequities among markets.
C)higher labor standards are a consequence of economic growth,rather than a cause of it.
D)the UN should control labor standards through a global conference and protocol.

Question 80

Globalization may have a positive influence on racism worldwide,because

A)free trade will allow people to trade with whomever they wish.
B)successful managers in global situations will be open and value differences.These are traits globalism builds.
C)money speaks,and most people buy on price,not racial issues.
D)global trade relationships encourage Internet communication; there is less need to be face-to-face.