Deck 1: The Study of Body Function

Question 1

The first step in the scientific method involves the formation of a(n)

A)theory.
B)law.
C)experiment.
D)hypothesis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Physiology

A)emphasizes cause-and-effect mechanisms.
B)includes the fields of chemistry and psychology.
C)ignores the scientific method.
D)ultimately strives to understand the structures of individual cells.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

When a scientist performs measurements in an experiment and does not know if the subject is part of the experimental or the control group,it is known as a _________ measurement.

A)blind
B)qualitative
C)null
D)statistical

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The term homeostasis was coined by Walter Cannon to describe the constancy of the milieu interieur.

Question 5

The study of disease processes aids in the understanding of normal functions.

Question 6

Whose work brought physiology to be accepted as a true experimental science?

A)Sir Henry Dale
B)Walter Cannon
C)William Harvey
D)John Macleod

Question 7

The study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes is termed

A)comparative physiology.
B)the scientific method.
C)pathophysiology.
D)anatomy.

Question 8

Phase IV clinical drug trials involve testing a drug only on the specific human population who have the condition that the drug is intended to treat.

Question 9

Blood clotting is an example of positive feedback since the action of the effector amplifies that of the stimulus.

Question 10

The study of comparative physiology has aided in the development of pharmaceutical drugs for humans.

Question 11

For a theory to be scientific and accepted,it must be based on

A)reproducible datA.
B)blind faith.
C)a single hypothesis.
D)the word of a professional scientist.

Question 12

____________ trials maximize the number of test participants and include human participants of both sexes,different ethnic groups,and those who have health problems besides the one that the drug is designed to treat.

A)Phase I clinical
B)Phase II clinical
C)Phase III clinical
D)Phase IV clinical

Question 13

A hypothesis is scientific if it

A)supports other hypotheses.
B)can be tested.
C)refutes other hypotheses.
D)uses observational analyses.

Question 14

The Nobel Prize was awarded to __________,__________,and ____________ for determining the structure of DNA.

A)Watson,Krebs,Buck
B)Crick,Wilkins,Watson
C)Buck,Axel,Pavlov
D)Krebs,Sperry,Huxley

Question 15

Negative feedback results in a response that opposes that of the original deviation from normal.

Question 16

Scientific theories are based on a single hypothesis.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of a phase I clinical trial?

A)testing on the target human population
B)testing how the drug is metabolized
C)testing how rapidly the drug is removed from the body
D)testing the most effective administration of the drug

Question 18

The scientific method is only concerned with experimentation.

Question 19

Aristotle is considered the father of physiology because he attempted to apply physical laws to the study of human function.

Question 20

It is NOT possible to determine whether the data collected in an experiment are different between the control and experimental groups unless the scientist employs the use of the mathematical tools of

A)algebrA.
B)trigonometry.
C)statistics.
D)graphing.

Question 21

The endocrine regulation of blood glucose concentration is an example of a(n)

A)antagonistic effector.
B)positive feedback loop.
C)negative feedback loop.
D)Both antagonistic effector and negative feedback loop are correct.

Question 22

The endocrine and nervous systems are considered _________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms.

A)intrinsic
B)active
C)extrinsic
D)passive

Question 23

An integrating center sends information to a(n)

A)sensor.
B)effector.
C)brain region.
D)thermostat.

Question 24

Homeostasis is best thought of as being a state of

A)constant fluctuation.
B)stasis.
C)dynamic constancy.
D)inconsistency.

Question 25

The nervous and immune systems are primarily involved in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 26

In positive feedback mechanisms,the action of an effector is

A)unchanged.
B)increased.
C)decreased.
D)decreased,then increaseD.

Question 27

The secretion of many hormones is regulated through negative feedback inhibition.

Question 28

____________ mg/100 ml is the approximate normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting.

A)0 to 80
B)50 to 150
C)75 to 110
D)90 to 120

Question 29

Insulin is secreted from structures called

A)pancreatic islets.
B)sebaceous glands.
C)apocrine glands.
D)intercalated discs.

Question 30

A decrease in mean arterial pressure is detected by

A)an effector.
B)an integrating center.
C)a sensor.
D)a chemical messenger.

Question 31

Endocrine glands secrete ____________ in response to specific stimuli.

A)enzymes
B)hormones
C)water
D)mucus

Question 32

The control of hormone secretion by its own effects is called

A)positive feedback.
B)negative feedback.
C)negative feedback inhibition.
D)antagonist effector.

Question 33

____________ and ____________ are often regulators of effectors in most feedback loops.

A)Enzymes,neurotransmitters
B)Hormones,neurotransmitters
C)Nerves,enzymes
D)Hormones,nerves
E)Enzymes,hormones

Question 34

The primary stimulus for insulin secretion is

A)increased blood glucose concentrations.
B)increased blood calcium concentrations.
C)increased body temperature.
D)increased exposure to sunlight.

Question 35

An integrating center of a negative feedback loop has the function of analyzing information from many different sensors about deviations from a set point and then altering the activity of particular effectors to compensate for the deviation.

Question 36

Negative feedback is NOT involved in the regulation of

A)body temperature.
B)blood glucose concentrations.
C)blood calcium concentrations.
D)blood clotting.

Question 37

_________________ homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are "built-in" to the organs being regulated.

A)Intrinsic
B)Extrinsic
C)Exothermic
D)Passive

Question 38

Homeostasis is best described as a static,unchanging state of the internal environment.

Question 39

The normal range of arterial blood pH is

A)6.50-7.50.
B)7.35-7.45.
C)6.95-7.05.
D)7.15-7.25.

Question 40

Endocrine gland secretion is often controlled by the nervous system.

Question 41

Organs involved in carrying out related functions are grouped into systems.

Question 42

The highly branched extensions of a neuron whose function is to receive input from other neurons or receptor cells are called

A)dendrites.
B)axons.
C)cell bodies.
D)glia.

Question 43

If blood glucose levels decrease from normal,which of the following changes takes place to bring glucose levels back to normal?

A)increase in insulin - increase in glucagon
B)increase in insulin - decrease in glucagon
C)decrease in insulin - increase in glucagon
D)decrease in insulin - decrease in glucagon

Question 44

Tissues are groups of cells that have similar functions.

Question 45

Myofibers are formed from fused myoblasts and thus each of these muscle cells is actually a syncytium.

Question 46

_______________ is a series of wavelike contractions of circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle that push food from one end of the digestive tract to the other.

A)Peristalsis
B)Locomotion
C)Negative feedback inhibition
D)A graded contraction

Question 47

These muscle cells do NOT have a striated appearance.

A)skeletal muscle cells
B)smooth muscle cells
C)cardiac muscle cells
D)both smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main parts of a neuron?

A)dendrites
B)cell body
C)neurofibrils
D)axon

Question 49

Organs are comprised of groupings of the four primary tissues into structural and functional units.

Question 50

Intercalated discs couple ________ cells both mechanically and electrically.

A)smooth muscle
B)myocardial
C)skeletal muscle
D)both myocardial and skeletal muscle

Question 51

Muscle found in association with blood vessels would be striated.

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia?

A)bind neurons together
B)help nourish neurons
C)conduct impulses to effectors
D)modify the extracellular environment of neurons

Question 53

Nervous tissue is specialized to produce and conduct electrical impulses.

Question 54

Intercalated discs would be found in muscles attached to the skeleton.

Question 55

Contraction of ____________ muscle can be consciously controlled.

A)cardiac
B)smooth
C)skeletal

Question 56

All skeletal muscles cause movement of the skeleton.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue of the body?

A)nervous
B)epithelium
C)muscular
D)osseous

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT an example of positive feedback?

A)LH surge
B)labor contractions
C)blood glucose maintenance
D)blood clotting

Question 59

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth muscle?

A)The cells are branched.
B)These cells are attached to skeletal bones by tendons.
C)Intercalated discs connect adjacent cells.
D)These cells are found in the digestive tract.

Question 60

Neuroglial cells are supporting cells present in the

A)brain.
B)spinal cord.
C)effector organs.
D)Both the brain and spinal corD.

Question 61

Stratified epithelial membranes provide little protection but transport substances between the internal and external environments.

Question 62

A single layer of irregularly shaped epithelial cells found lining the respiratory tract is called

A)simple columnar epithelium.
B)stratified cuboidal epithelium.
C)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
D)transitional epithelium.

Question 63

Which type of epithelial membrane would be found lining the uterine tubes?

A)simple ciliated columnar epithelium
B)stratified cuboidal epithelium
C)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
D)simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 64

Which of the following is a function of simple squamous epithelium?

A)protection
B)diffusion
C)distention
D)transport through ciliary action

Question 65

Epithelial membranes that are more than one layer thick are called

A)simple.
B)stratified.
C)squamous.
D)ciliateD.

Question 66

Cells that are as wide as they are tall have a(n)____________ shape.

A)squamous
B)cuboidal
C)columnar
D)rectangular

Question 67

Membranes can be formed by ____________ tissue.

A)nervous
B)muscular
C)neuroglial
D)epithelial

Question 68

Specialized unicellular glands found in columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelium that secrete mucus are

A)ciliA.
B)keratin.
C)transitional cells.
D)goblet cells.

Question 69

The primary structural protein of basement membranes is

A)keratin.
B)collagen
C)melanin.
D)myosin.

Question 70

The entire epidermis is replaced every

A)2-3 days.
B)2 weeks.
C)2-3 hours.
D)2 months.

Question 71

Histological examination of a membrane shows several layers of keratinized flattened cells.This sample most likely came from

A)the epidermis of the skin.
B)the lining of the oral cavity.
C)the lining of the urinary bladder.
D)the lining of the digestive tract.

Question 72

The ____________ is a protein and polysaccharide layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue.

A)goblet cell
B)epidermis
C)basement membrane
D)plasma membrane

Question 73

Epithelial tissue will bleed profusely when cut.

Question 74

Keratinized epithelium

A)has living cells in all layers.
B)is a moist membrane.
C)allows water to diffuse through.
D)is a dry,mostly dead membrane.

Question 75

Bacteria are responsible for the characteristic body odor of apocrine sweat.

Question 76

What kind of connections allow epithelial cells to form strong membranes?

A)basement membranes
B)intercalated discs
C)junctional complexes
D)keratinized

Question 77

Specialized epithelial cells that line the urinary bladder that allow distention are called

A)transitional epithelium.
B)stratified cuboidal epithelium.
C)simple columnar epithelium.
D)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 78

The lining of the stomach is renewed every

A)2-3 days.
B)2 weeks.
C)2-3 hours.
D)2 months.

Question 79

Transitional epithelium consists of a single layer of rounded,nonkeratinized cells which function to strengthen luminal walls.

Question 80

Epithelial membranes cover body surfaces and line the cavity of organs.