Deck 9: Political Geographies

Question 1

One of the first international organizations ever formed had international peace and security as its goal; known as the ________,it attempted to assist in the independence of colonies.

A) League of Nations
B) United Nations

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The concept of citizen and citizenship developed with the emergence of

A) republics.
B) monarchies.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Political choropleth maps are based on

A) de jure spaces.
B) territorial organization.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the political geographic division of the world into North and South (the North/South Divide),the South is generally considered

A) politically independent.
B) economically independent.

Question 5

In the context of Cold War terminology,________ is on the eastern side of the East/West divide.

A) Cuba
B) Turkey

Question 6

De jure spaces are delimited by ________ boundaries.

A) formal
B) informal

Question 7

With few exceptions,the countries of ________ did NOT gain independence until the second half of the 20th century.

A) Africa
B) Latin America

Question 8

For most of its existence,the USSR - like the czarist Russian state from which it emerged - operated as a

A) unitary state.
B) federal state.

Question 9

Canada is a

A) multinational state.
B) nation-state.

Question 10

Despite 200 years of British colonialism,the caste system remains much a part of ________ social life.

A) India's
B) Rwanda's

Question 11

According to the geographer ________,Eurasia (Central Asia)is the geographical pivot from which a world empire could be controlled.

A) Halford Mackinder
B) Friedrich Ratzel

Question 12

Straight-line boundaries between territories suggest

A) frontier regions.
B) natural barriers.

Question 13

Despite Algeria's independence from ________ in the 1960s,the violence that began under colonialism continued to the end of the 20th century.

A) France
B) England

Question 14

During the Cold War,some policymakers strongly believed that if one country became communist,neighbouring countries would follow.This theory is known as the

A) Domino theory.
B) Heartland theory.

Question 15

The first phases of imperialism is based on the exploitation of the periphery for

A) raw materials.
B) labour.

Question 16

For the most part,the countries of South America received their independence by the middle of the

A) 19th century.
B) 20th century.

Question 17

________ is a uni-national nation-state.

A) Japan
B) France

Question 18

The provincial boundary between Manitoba and Ontario - as between all provinces - is

A) inclusionary.
B) exclusionary.

Question 19

In the political geographic division of the world into North and South (the North/South Divide),the North is generally the

A) core.
B) periphery.

Question 20

In the political geographic division of the world into North and South (the North/South Divide),Australia and New Zealand are part of the

A) North.
B) South.

Question 21

This group of countries lead the sovereignty movements that lead to the breakup of the USSR.

A) the Baltic republics
B) the Central Asian republics

Question 22

The original use of the term terrorism - in the 18th century - was to describe the violent actions of a

A) state.
B) separatist group.

Question 23

Most people would agree that,by the end of the 20th century,________ had ended.

A) the Cold War
B) neocolonialism

Question 24

Your text uses the Russian Federation's violent control of Chechnya as an example of

A) state terrorism.
B) the war on terror.

Question 25

The ________ was formed in 1964 as the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)and is now seen as the only legitimate representative of the Palestinian people.

A) Palestinian Authority
B) Intifada

Question 26

Canada is a

A) federal state.
B) unitary state.

Question 27

The territorial divisions of Antarctica are based on

A) lines of longitude.
B) natural features.

Question 28

The separation wall Israel is erecting around the West Bank exemplifies an

A) exclusionary boundary.
B) inclusionary boundary.

Question 29

The International Criminal Court (ICC)was established by the United Nations in 1998 to

A) protect human rights.
B) promote free trade.

Question 30

The United States maintains a trade embargo with

A) Cuba.
B) the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

Question 31

Austria,Spain,Estonia,and the Netherlands are members of

A) the EU.
B) ASEAN.

Question 32

Ever since Gorbachev initiated his policy of political openness,transparency,freedom of information and expressions of national identity in 1985,a policy known as ________,Chechnya been struggling for self-determination and independence.

A) glasnost
B) perestroika

Question 33

________ is the thesis put forth by the late Edward Said to help explain colonialism and how Europe and North America justify treating Arabs and other peoples of Asia as inferior and in need of disciplining.

A) Orientalism
B) Regionalism

Question 34

Which was among seven United Nation member countries that voted against the treaty to establish the International Criminal Court - along with China,Iraq,Israel,Libya and Yemen?

A) United States
B) Canada

Question 35

Southeast Asian countries like Indonesia,Vietnam and Thailand are members of

A) ASEAN.
B) OPEC.

Question 36

Lenin believed that political equity through ________ was the way to turn the Russian Empire's more than 100 non-Russian nationalities into a single,Soviet people.

A) a federal system
B) communism

Question 37

Belief in the ________ drew the USA into numerous 20th century conflicts (Vietnam,most notably).

A) Domino theory
B) Heartland theory

Question 38

When it was first used,the term terrorism was applied to a form of

A) state terrorism.
B) religious terrorism.

Question 39

The EU was established in

A) 1997.
B) 1992.

Question 40

The Basque collective identity and commitment to place is a good example of

A) regionalism.
B) sectionalism.

Question 41

Contributing to the conflicts and tensions in Africa is the colonial legacy of borders that

A) divided nations that had been united.
B) united nations that had been separate.
C) separated people from traditional resources.
D) cut spatial relationships, like migration and trade patterns.
E) all of the above

Question 42

Which of the following pairs best represents uni-national nation-states?

A) the Basque Region and Kurdistan
B) Japan and Iceland
C) the United States and Canada
D) India and Russia
E) Ontario and Buffalo

Question 43

As used in our text,the term state is closest in meaning to

A) nation.
B) territory.
C) country.
D) province.
E) colony.

Question 44

Ratzel's belief that geopolitics stems from the interaction of ________ is still popular today.

A) power and territory
B) nature and society
C) men and women
D) the rich and the poor
E) space and place

Question 45

The Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas (Mexico),which coincided with the beginning of NAFTA,was over the issue of

A) a peasant way of life.
B) indigenous rights.
C) globalization.
D) exploitation.
E) all of the above

Question 46

Frontier regions,where territoriality is underdeveloped,are known for their

A) marginality.
B) belonging.
C) rapid growth.
D) conflicts.
E) untapped resources.

Question 47

Territories that are delimited by formal boundaries (like Canada,Alberta,and Simcoe County)are known as ________ spaces or regions.

A) de jure
B) de facto
C) de limito
D) de rigeur
E) de jour

Question 48

Among the following,the best example of an inclusionary boundary is the boundary between

A) North and South Korea.
B) Manitoba and Ontario.
C) East and West Berlin during the Cold War.
D) the U.S. and Mexico.
E) Israel and the West Bank.

Question 49

A federal state (or federation)is one in which

A) government power and control is centralized.
B) government power is disbursed to local units.
C) countries unite toward a common economic, or sometimes military, goal.
D) local units of government work to adopt uniform rules and regulations.
E) administered by the Federal government, like Washington, D.C.

Question 50

According to our text,imperialism begins with

A) exploration.
B) treaty negotiations.
C) colonization.
D) military expansion.
E) settlement-building.

Question 51

Only ________ currently exists as a frontier region where territoriality is undeveloped.

A) Antarctica
B) Australia
C) sub-Saharan Africa
D) Siberia
E) Northern Canada

Question 52

Drawing from social Darwinism,Friedrich Ratzel's model of the state - in which state growth and change were "natural" and inevitable - portrayed the state as a

A) snowball.
B) biological organism.
C) soldier.
D) religion.
E) volcano.

Question 53

A cultural group with a territorial identity is known as a

A) nation.
B) province.
C) state.
D) race.
E) class.

Question 54

In the context of the course and text,________ is the best example of a state.

A) Ontario
B) Quebec
C) Kurdistan
D) Egypt
E) Chechnya or Kosovo

Question 55

Prior to Belgian colonialism in Rwanda,the Hutus and Tutsis lived together quite peacefully.According to our text,conflicts between the groups emerged after the Belgians introduced the concept of

A) money.
B) borders.
C) socio-political difference.
D) slavery.
E) cash crops.

Question 56

Which is the most inclusive organization (has most members)and has as a primary goal the maintenance of international peace and security?

A) OPEC
B) United Nations
C) Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
E) NAFTA

Question 57

Nationalists that want an independent state of Quebec are properly described as

A) secessionists.
B) irredentists.
C) orthodontists.
D) provincialists.
E) statists.

Question 58

The Berlin Wall and the Mexican border are good examples of ________ boundaries.

A) exclusionary
B) inclusionary
C) unitary
D) monetary
E) illusionary

Question 59

Which of the following can best be considered a modern frontier?

A) Antarctica
B) the Australian interior
C) sub-Saharan Africa
D) the Andean highlands
E) the Yukon

Question 60

To be considered a nation,a group of people must

A) share cultural elements like religion, language, history, politics.
B) have their own country.
C) reside in the same territory.
D) share a sense of nationalism.
E) be sovereign and self-determined.

Question 61

From the following,the best example of a supranational organization is

A) the Commonwealth of Independent States.
B) NAFTA.
C) the Canadian provinces.
D) the United Nations.
E) the European Union.

Question 62

Contract farming - whereby production in the periphery is for consumption in the core - is one example of

A) neocolonialism.
B) regionalism.
C) self-determination.
D) the end of colonialism.
E) independence.

Question 63

According to Halford Mackinder's Heartland Theory,the "geographical pivot" from which world conquest could be controlled includes the area of

A) Eurasia, including Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia.
B) Europe from Italy to Holland.
C) North America from Chicago to Montreal to Washington, DC.
D) the Arabian peninsula.
E) Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.

Question 64

Of the six sovereign states that emerged from the ruins of Yugoslavia,all but one are a mix of nationalities.Only ________ comes close to being a nation-state.

A) Slovenia
B) Croatia
C) Bosnia and Herzegovina
D) Macedonia
E) Serbia and Montenegro

Question 65

The territorially-based sense of identity in groups like the Basques,Kurds and Quebec's French-speaking population is referred to as

A) regionalism.
B) sectionalism.
C) nationalism.
D) multinationalism.
E) territorialism.

Question 66

In the transition of the USSR to the CIS,Russia went from being the core of a unitary state to being the most powerful member of a

A) confederation.
B) coalition.
C) nation-state.
D) supranational organization.
E) zionist state.

Question 67

Antarctica has been colonized by

A) the core countries.
B) countries of the periphery.
C) no country.
D) the United Nations.
E) a handful of countries from both the North and the South.

Question 68

The (re)acquisition of sovereignty and territorial integrity following colonization is known as

A) decolonization.
B) post-colonialism.
C) neocolonialism.
D) protocolonialism.
E) quasicolonialism.

Question 69

The process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas is known as

A) gerrymandering.
B) reapportionment.
C) secessionism.
D) irredentism.
E) separatism.

Question 70

The East/West divide

A) is between the New and Old Worlds.
B) was between the core and the periphery.
C) is between Indo-European language speakers and Sino-Tibetan/Afro-Asiatic language speakers.
D) exists between Christian and Islamic spheres of belief.
E) disappeared with the end of the Cold War.

Question 71

Halford Mackinder,developer of the heartland theory,thought that this country was most likely to make a bid for world domination.

A) Russia
B) Britain
C) France
D) the United States
E) Japan

Question 72

With globalization and the increasing importance of trade-facilitating organizations,states are

A) disappearing.
B) growing as containers of political and economic power.
C) becoming sites of transnational flows and connections.
D) becoming irrelevant.
E) trying to spread the benefits of globalization.

Question 73

Which of the following have been tried by 20th-century states to eliminate or minimize the potential for fragmenting or breaking apart?

A) decentralization of power
B) consolidation or centralization of power
C) destruction of ethnic minorities
D) increased autonomy to ethnic minorities
E) All of the above have been used.

Question 74

The fall of the Berlin Wall

A) symbolizes the end of the Cold War.
B) marked the beginning of the "new world order."
C) illustrated triumph of capitalism over communism.
D) occurred in 1989.
E) all of the above

Question 75

For political geographers,________ is at the center of most inquiry.

A) the state
B) the nation
C) sovereignty
D) democracy
E) natural rights

Question 76

According to a map in your book,________ claim the largest portions of Antarctica.

A) Australia & Norway
B) Chile and Argentina
C) the United States and Russia
D) New Zealand and France
E) Canada and the United States.

Question 77

Despite independence of India,Rwanda and Algeria,the continuing effects of colonialism are still seen in

A) English as the official language or lingua franca.
B) their incorporation into the world-system core.
C) violent conflicts involving territory and power.
D) the large secondary (manufacturing) sector of the economy.
E) the loss of all cultural identity.

Question 78

Political geography

A) has its roots in Hinduism.
B) has generally ignored the people-land tradition.
C) was influenced by environmental determinism in the late 19th-early 20th centuries.
D) places little importance on globalization.
E) is no longer important.

Question 79

Of the following,the most prominent theory supporting U.S.involvement in the Vietnam War was

A) the domino theory.
B) zionism.
C) the theory of the state.
D) the heartland theory.
E) anti-terrorism.

Question 80

The North/South Divide is used in our text to distinguish

A) North African states from Sub-Saharan states.
B) anti-slavery from pro-slavery states.
C) former colonizers from formerly colonized states.
D) (former) communist from non-communist states.
E) countries above and below the equator.