Deck 12: Era of Middle-Class Reform, 1831-1848

Question 1

Middle-class reformers were most likely to be found

A)among Catholics.
B)among Protestants.
C)in the slaveholding South
D)among supporters of the Democratic Party.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Cooperative utopias were founded in the U.S.by reformers who were generally disturbed by

A)prevalent sexual immorality.
B)the spread of capitalism.
C)alcoholism.
D)the lack of Christian devotion.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Temperance lecturer John B.Gough experienced an interruption in his career when he

A)suffered a heart attack while speaking to a group of women supporters.
B)was caught drinking in a tavern with local politicians.
C)experienced delirium tremens while traveling.
D)was discovered intoxicated in a house of ill repute.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sabbatarians mounted a national effort to

A)close public schools on Sunday.
B)limit the hours of businesses on Sunday.
C)encourage church attendance on Sunday.
D)bar the transmission of the mail on Sunday.

Question 5

After 1840,the priority of groups like the Washingtonians and the Sons of Temperance was to

A)recruit members to sign abstinence pledges.
B)encourage moderation in drinking habits.
C)use force to accomplish their goal of universal temperance.
D)lobby for anti-alcohol legislation.

Question 6

The impact of temperance reform was most felt in

A)the South.
B)New England.
C)the West.
D)urban neighborhoods.

Question 7

The community of New Harmony,founded by Robert Owen,rejected all of the following EXCEPT

A)private property.
B)religion.
C)industrial production.
D)marriage.

Question 8

The ideology of self-improvement was espoused most powerfully by

A)Walt Whitman.
B)Ralph Waldo Emerson.
C)William Lloyd Garrison.
D)Frances Wright.

Question 9

Two decades of efforts by the temperance movement

A)had very little effect on the drinking habits of Americans.
B)remained an isolated oddity among other reform movements.
C)significantly curbed national alcohol consumption.
D)generally failed in efforts to demonize alcohol.

Question 10

Which of the following was the most powerful literary genre employed by temperance reformers?

A)novels
B)newspaper editorials
C)biographies
D)tracts

Question 11

The Lyceum movement sponsored public lectures on

A)abolitionism.
B)temperance.
C)women's suffrage.
D)science and literature.

Question 12

In certain ways,reform associations resembled political parties,with the crucial difference being that they

A)attracted and included women as well as men.
B)never affiliated with larger national networks,but rather focused their efforts locally.
C)shared many beliefs and values in common.
D)functioned within the formal structure of churches and denominations.

Question 13

Which of the following was NOT one of the goals of the American Temperance Society?

A)stigmatization of alcoholic beverages
B)total abstinence
C)moderation
D)legislation to limit alcohol sales

Question 14

The concerns of reformers included all of the following EXCEPT

A)transmitting values to their children that might secure a promising future for them.
B)threats to the social order posed by a growing labor class who did not attend church.
C)how cities might undermine the character of their families.
D)the threat of slavery spreading to the North.

Question 15

Members of the middle class assumed that young people stood a better chance of improving themselves

A)in groups.
B)as married couples.
C)with rigorous self-discipline.
D)in solitude.

Question 16

When it came to reform movements,southerners generally

A)steered clear of them.
B)participated in nearly all of those that northerners did.
C)embraced most northern campaigns with the exception of temperance and women's rights.
D)were particularly involved with anti-Catholic campaigns.

Question 17

Which of the following was NOT a main venue of male-dominated social life during the 1840s?

A)theaters
B)churches
C)taverns
D)political parties

Question 18

Many reformers attacked the traditional practices of corporal punishment,instead favoring all of the following EXCEPT

A)moral influence.
B)guilty conscience.
C)public humiliation.
D)surveillance.

Question 19

Members of the middle class defined themselves as those who

A)had incomes in the middle of the economic spectrum.
B)owned large farms.
C)were masters of inheritable trades.
D)worked with their heads rather than their hands.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the middle-class men and women who called themselves reformers?

A)They always agreed on the merits of every reform.
B)They united around a single strategy for pursuing reformist goals.
C)They believed that righteous individuals should take responsibility for bettering themselves and society.
D)They prioritized their own prosperity over the good of society.

Question 21

The men and women who wanted to abolish slavery wherever it existed

A)included all who were opposed to slavery.
B)comprised a vast majority.
C)formed a tiny minority.
D)constituted about half of the antislavery movement.

Question 22

1840 saw the founding of the Liberty Party,which was a national political party defined entirely around

A)its opposition to slavery.
B)women's suffrage.
C)prison reform.
D)the elimination of vice-oriented living.

Question 23

Which of the following does NOT describe slave narratives?

A)humorous literature that ridiculed slaves
B)abolitionist tracts designed to persuade readers of the evil of slavery
C)commercial publications designed to attract readers and yield revenue
D)invaluable sources about the experience of slavery

Question 24

In 1841 Lewis Tappan opened the Mercantile Agency,

A)the nation's first credit bureau.
B)an international trade office.
C)the largest publishing company in the U.S.at the time.
D)a successful real estate sales operation.

Question 25

The 1840 schism caused a division within the ranks of which movement?

A)temperance
B)transcendentalist
C)abolitionist
D)New Harmony

Question 26

Southerners used ________ to suppress abolitionist activity.

A)mob violence
B)the law
C)deportation
D)persuasive propaganda

Question 27

William Lloyd Garrison advocated a policy of nonresistance,which meant that abolitionists,like other reformers,would rely on ________ to bring about social change.

A)political elections
B)moral suasion
C)physical force
D)state power

Question 28

What distinguished the new generation of abolitionist reformers that rose to prominence around 1830 was their commitment to

A)gradualism.
B)immediatism.
C)the ending of the slave trade.
D)African colonization.

Question 29

According to the new cult of domesticity,

A)women should marry later and have fewer children.
B)the home should be a female-dominated private zone.
C)women should be subservient in the home.
D)the home should be a site of production where both men and women worked under the control of a male head-of-householD.

Question 30

The term amalgamationist was used to describe a person who

A)promoted equality of the sexes.
B)wanted every American to be of the same economic class.
C)encouraged a society that was not encumbered by the institution of marriage.
D)supported or desired interracial sexual unions.

Question 31

The most influential abolitionist who was also a former slave was

A)James Williams.
B)Frederick Douglass.
C)Angelina Grimké.
D)Franklin Evans.

Question 32

By the 1830s,abolitionists were calling for immediate emancipation of all slaves,with

A)partial compensation to slaves and slave owners.
B)full compensation to slave owners.
C)no compensation to slave owners.
D)partial compensation to slave owners.

Question 33

Sarah Josepha Hale,editor of Godey's Lady's Book,waged a lifelong campaign to create an official holiday that would eventually be observed as

A)Thanksgiving.
B)Mother's Day.
C)Labor Day.
D)Independence Day

Question 34

Almost all abolitionists,both black and white,also advocated

A)utopian communities.
B)transcendentalism.
C)Sabbatarianism.
D)temperance.

Question 35

The American Female Moral Reform Association addressed

A)alcohol abuse.
B)prostitution.
C)female promiscuity.
D)male depravity.

Question 36

Unlike advocates of other reforms,abolitionists

A)received criticism from outside observers.
B)employed the printed word in spreading their message.
C)used violence to advance their cause.
D)were targets of major violence and repression throughout much of the North.

Question 37

According to the domestic reformers,what suited women to the task of running the home was their

A)patience.
B)capacity to love.
C)independent spirit.
D)organizational ability.

Question 38

Beginning in the 1830s,some moral reformers targeted what they called the solitary vice,or the secret vice,which referred to

A)premarital sex.
B)private drinking.
C)masturbation.
D)frequenting brothels.

Question 39

In protest against slavery,William Lloyd Garrison

A)destroyed a copy of the Bible.
B)burned a copy of the Constitution.
C)trampled on an American flag.
D)denounced his American citizenship.

Question 40

The most respectable masculine space within the new world of separate spheres was the

A)tavern.
B)workshop.
C)marketplace.
D)office.

Question 41

Anti-Catholic conspiracies found an especially receptive audience among

A)abolitionists.
B)temperance workers.
C)utopian communities.
D)women's rights advocates.

Question 42

What were the new beliefs about the roles of women and men,and what factors contributed to this change?

Question 43

Examine Irish immigration in the context of the nativism and anti-Catholicism of the 1830s.

Question 44

Which of the following held an anti-Catholic position in the antebellum period?

A)temperance
B)antislavery
C)Protestant
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 45

Summarize the nature the participants and goals of northern reform movements,particularly those of the self-help and utopian community movements.

Question 46

Which of the following groups was anti-Catholic but NOT nativist?

A)socialists
B)German immigrants
C)abolitionists
D)land reformers

Question 47

In 1848,the Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments stated that

A)a woman's role belonged exclusively in the sphere of the home.
B)women had a special moral authority to address social problems.
C)all men and women are created equal.
D)women should have the rights of property,contract,and child custody,but not the vote.

Question 48

Explain the conflicts,internal and external,created by the abolitionist movement.

Question 49

According to the legal doctrine of coverture,

A)a slave must be returned to his owner,even if across state lines.
B)women were better suited for childrearing.
C)Catholics were not really Christians.
D)a wife was legally subsumed to the identity of her husbanD.

Question 50

Samuel B.Morse,Lyman Beecher,and Maria Monk were all

A)ardent abolitionists.
B)anti-Catholic.
C)spokespersons for women's suffrage.
D)known for their work in the temperance movement.

Question 51

Discuss the context and radical nature of the abolitionist movement.

Question 52

Analyze the methods of temperance reformers and the effectiveness of their efforts.

Question 53

A nativist was generally

A)a person who was especially welcoming of newcomers from other cultures.
B)an opponent of immigration.
C)opposed to private property.
D)an advocate for the interests of Native Americans.

Question 54

How did the ideology of domesticity during the antebellum era move the women's movement forward?

Question 55

Horace Mann,leading champion of the common school movement,believed that universal education should be ________ in nature.

A)secular
B)Catholic
C)Protestant
D)multi-denominational

Question 56

Which of the following was NOT one of the effects of the Irish potato famine?

A)The first Irish immigrants began to arrive in the U.S.
B)Over one million people died.
C)The greatest wave of immigration in U.S.history occurred.
D)Catholicism became the largest religious denomination in America.