Deck 30: Deindustrializing America, 1980-1992

Question 1

Pat Robertson's Christian Coalition became an important political force by

A)promoting a "compassionate conservatism" that proposed government programs to help the truly needy.
B)supporting candidates who championed the needs of society's most oppressed members.
C)mobilizing the conservative Catholic wing of the Democratic Party.
D)promoting Christian-based morality and opposing welfare programs,homosexuality,and abortion.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The Reagan Doctrine

A)was a continuation of the Truman Doctrine of containment.
B)declared before the world that the United States would actively support "freedom fighters" in the global struggle against communism.
C)stated the United States would try to prevent the spread of communism,but only by supporting regimes that respected individuals' rights and liberties.
D)promoted ending communism through economic and cultural ties with communist nations.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In Latin America the

A)United States supported the Sandinista freedoms fighters in NicaraguA.
B)CIA took measures to suppress the rise of the communist Contras.
C)United States sent troops to the island nation of Grenada to overthrow its socialist government,which had recently staged a violent coup.
D)CIA initiated an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the communist regime in Cuba.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

From 1965 to 1980 new immigrants to the United States were most likely to come from

A)the Middle East.
B)Latin America.
C)Eastern Europe.
D)Africa.

Question 5

Regarding government spending,Reagan

A)supported across-the-board spending increases as tax revenues increased.
B)supported a reduction in government spending on some social programs,but supported vast increases in defense spending.
C)supported equal,across-the-board spending cuts in all departments.
D)believed cuts in defense spending should be used to help welfare programs.

Question 6

Which of the following was most aggressively deregulated by the Reagan administration?

A)labor unions
B)finance and banking
C)the health industry
D)car manufacturers

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT associated with downsizing?

A)Most workers who lost their jobs were rehired,but without as good benefits.
B)It led to the loss of over 45 million jobs between 1979 and 1995.
C)Although fewer jobs were available,they were better paying and allowed families to live on a single income.
D)By the end of Reagan's second term,barely one in every ten employees was unionizeD.

Question 8

During the Reagan administration,environmental policy

A)was strengthened under the leadership of James Watt.
B)was headed by the Environmental Protection Agency,which initiated several lawsuits against polluters.
C)was impacted by the industrial disasters in Bhopal,India,and Chernobyl,Ukraine,which led to strict regulations on industrial pollution.
D)allowed for an increase of the amount of land leased to mining companies and significantly expanded offshore drilling.

Question 9

The term maquilas refers to

A)assembly plants set up in northern Mexico by American corporations.
B)migrant workers from Latin America.
C)Mexican immigrants.
D)Mexican unemployment rates,which led to increased emigration to the United States.

Question 10

Supply-side economists

A)were led by Paul Krugman and his conservative journal,the National Review.
B)were also known as neo-Keynesians for their support of government spending.
C)believed economic growth was encouraged by tax cuts that ultimately increase tax revenues due to the expanding economy.
D)were lampooned by neoconservatives as promoters of "crank doctrine."

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the budget under Reagan's administration?

A)The Republican-controlled Congress enacted the balanced budget amendment to prevent a large deficit.
B)Reagan refused to enact spending by Congress that would cause deficits.
C)Increased defense spending was a cause of a growing budget deficit.
D)The Democratic-controlled Congress used its authority over spending to check Reagan's spending on defense and keep the budget balanceD.

Question 12

The election of 1984 resulted in

A)a narrow victory for Reagan,as the economy was slow to recover.
B)a lot of enthusiasm for the Democratic Party,since they ran a female for vice president.
C)an overwhelming landslide victory for Reagan,who carried 49 of 50 states and nearly 60 percent of the popular vote.
D)a narrow victory for Reagan,as the Democratic nominee,Walter Mondale,made gains in railing against Reagan for starting a nuclear arms race and pursuing economic policies that favored the wealthy.

Question 13

What impact did the Federal Communications Commission have on the television industry during the Reagan administration?

A)Strict censorship was introduced,due to the influence of conservative Christians.
B)Television stations were required to include more public service programming.
C)Higher fees charged to cable television networks inhibited their development and allowed for a resurgence of the big three broadcast networks.
D)The new authority of cable television to compete fully with broadcast television allowed for the rise of stations such as CNN and MTV.

Question 14

At the beginning of the 1980s,most Americans were

A)filled with optimism,as cheap energy was fueling the booming economy.
B)filled with hope,as the Cold War had come to a successful end.
C)disillusioned with the direction of their lives and the nation.
D)confident in the government to lead them in difficult times.

Question 15

The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 lowered

A)tax rates for businesses and corporations,but not for individuals.
B)tax rates for the poorest Americans,but not for the wealthy.
C)tax rates for the wealthiest Americans,but not small businesses or the middle class.
D)taxes for individual Americans and corporations,as well as on inheritance.

Question 16

All of the following were keys to Ronald Reagan's successful presidential campaign EXCEPT

A)his futuristic vision in contrast to President Carter's references to the great decade of the 1950s.
B)his communication skills,acting experience,and star quality.
C)the way he tapped into Nixon's "silent majority."
D)the appeal to middle-class Americans of his proposals for smaller government,lower taxes,and deregulation.

Question 17

Reagan's attitude toward organized labor is best illustrated by his

A)deregulation of unions,allowing for increased membership and better benefits for members.
B)firing of 13,000 air traffic controllers who went on strike.
C)support of increased regulations on corporations.
D)encouragement to major corporations to hire American workers and stop the process of outsourcing to other countries.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes Reagan's attitude toward the Cold War?

A)Reagan believed the United States should use its military might and diplomatic power to confront Soviet communism,which he referred to as the "evil empire."
B)Reagan reached out to the Soviets for better relations after the death of Stalin.
C)Reagan renewed commercial relations with the Soviet Union after they withdrew from Poland.
D)Reagan expressed lofty rhetoric publicly,but privately recognized the status quo was the only realistic goal and rejected calls to increase the size of the military.

Question 19

What was the United States' response to the bombing of an American and French barracks in Lebanon,killing 241 American servicemen?

A)The United States bombed the Palestinian Liberation Organization strongholds in Lebanon.
B)The United States sent troops to Afghanistan to hunt down the mujahidin,who they believed was responsible for the attack.
C)The CIA worked with Hezbollah on covert operations to find the perpetrators.
D)President Reagan quickly recalled the U.S.troops.

Question 20

The great influx of immigrants

A)caused many school boards to exclude foreign languages from their curriculA.
B)resulted in children's television shows celebrating traditional American culture and English language as a means to integrate new Americans into the culture.
C)encouraged the expansion of Spanish-language television networks and programs featuring Hispanic characters.
D)was greeted by conservative politicians as a new source of tax revenue.

Question 21

ACT UP was an activist group that championed the cause of

A)racial equality in government hiring.
B)homosexuals and those suffering from AIDS.
C)assistance for homelessness among war veterans and drug addicts.
D)equal pay for women in the workforce.

Question 22

Former 1960s activists and Generation X progressives first came together to protest

A)policies they believed led to homelessness.
B)the killing fields of Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.
C)nuclear proliferation.
D)the Reagan administration's War on Drugs.

Question 23

Which of the following industries experienced the greatest success in the 1980s?

A)the automobile industry
B)the personal computer industry
C)the agricultural industry
D)heavy industry and manufacturing

Question 24

Who of the following was NOT an African American mayor of a major U.S.city?

A)Rudolph Giuliani
B)Harold Washington
C)David Dinkins
D)Marion Barry

Question 25

Who ran for the Democratic nomination for president as head of the Rainbow Coalition,which represented voters of all races,religions,occupations,and ethnicities?

A)Michael Dukakis
B)Al Sharpton
C)Martin Luther King,III
D)Jesse Jackson

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT accurate regarding homelessness in the 1980s?

A)Homelessness dropped from 400,000 in 1980 to 125,000 in 1988.
B)Many among the homeless were single,unemployed people who had spent time in prison or a mental institution.
C)Shelters could not keep pace,and many homeless people bedded down in cardboard boxes or abandoned buildings.
D)Many of the homeless were Vietnam War veterans.

Question 27

The "sanctuary movement" helped give aid and shelter to

A)illegal immigrants.
B)Salvadoran and Guatemalan civilians fleeing Contra death squads.
C)Haitian and Cuban boat refugees.
D)homeless American families.

Question 28

Once President Reagan's economic policies took hold in 1983,the United States

A)experienced growth that was offset by severe inflation.
B)experienced immediate,short-term growth that was followed by the worst recession since the Great Depression.
C)began a period that economists call the Great Expansion,lasting more than 20 years.
D)experienced stagnant economic growth due to high budget deficits.

Question 29

In the Iran-Contra scandal,Marine lieutenant colonel Oliver North

A)was indicted and convicted of funneling funds to anticommunist rebels in Central AmericA.
B)was charged but not convicted of selling weapons to Iranian rebels trying to overthrow the Islamic Republic's regime.
C)secretly used money from the sale of weapons to Salvadoran rebels to pay Hezbollah for the release of American hostages.
D)exposed many members of the Reagan administration as having taken part in illegal arms sales,even implicating President Reagan in the process.

Question 30

A yuppie was a

A)young,1980s hippie.
B)young,upwardly-mobile urban professional.
C)Hollywood movie genre celebrating life in the 1950s.
D)type of haircut inspired by popular music.

Question 31

Which Soviet leader was responsible for initiating reform in the Soviet Union?

A)Leonid Brezhnev
B)Mikhail Gorbachev
C)Nikita Khrushchev
D)Alexei Kosygin

Question 32

What radical,enduring musical art form developed in the 1980s interwove social criticism with rhyme and poetry,performance art,and music,and dealt with issues faced by the African American community?

A)rhythm and blues
B)rap
C)alternative rock
D)disco

Question 33

What was true of the "affluence gap" in the 1980s?

A)The gap narrowed due to greater economic opportunity.
B)The gap remained relatively unchanged.
C)The gap was filled by the emergence of a wealthy middle class.
D)The gap widened as the incomes of the top earners increased dramatically.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of the anti-apartheid movement?

A)Activists called for an end to investment in South AfricA.
B)College students constructed and inhabited mock shantytowns in the middle of their college campus-a symbol of South Africa's poor black townships.
C)The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act would have banned new investment in South Africa but was blocked by President Reagan's veto.
D)Well-known musicians,including Run DMC,Bono,and Bonnie Raitt,produced a music video in which they condemned apartheid and pledged never to perform in the South African resort of Sun City.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT true of the Reykjavik Summit?

A)It came about after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
B)The United States and Soviet Union agreed to destroy all mid-range missiles in Europe.
C)It showed that the end of the Cold War was imminent.
D)As a result,Reagan ceased to refer to the Soviet Union as the "evil empire" and advocated cooperation insteaD.

Question 36

Whose beating,and the subsequent acquittal of the policemen who carried out the beating,led to deadly rioting in Los Angeles?

A)Spike Lee
B)Jessie Jackson
C)Marion Barry
D)Rodney King

Question 37

The appointments made to the Supreme Court by President Reagan

A)had little impact as there were only two appointments to be made,with all the liberal justices refusing to resign as long as Reagan was president.
B)included Sandra Day O'Connor,the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court.
C)were intended to strike down the New Federalism decisions made by the previous Warren Court.
D)were intended to balance the liberal bias of Chief Justice William Rehnquist.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true of the consumer culture of the 1980s?

A)Shopping became a popular form of recreation at malls,gallerias,and themed chain stores and restaurants.
B)Americans began to spend more and save less.
C)Credit card restrictions made it difficult for all but wealthy Americans to buy on credit.
D)Americans devoted an average of 20 percent more of their income on installment debt plans than they had in the 1970s.

Question 39

What became the norm regarding children's games and activities in the 1980s?

A)Toys were no longer based on superhero characters and became more generic.
B)"Rough and tumble" games,such as dodge ball,became increasingly popular.
C)Advertising geared directly to children became strictly regulated.
D)Children began to play video games at home.

Question 40

Perestroika and glasnost refer to

A)the Russian space program.
B)the Soviet nuclear program.
C)market reform and political openness in the Soviet Union.
D)the revival of communist principles in the Soviet Union.

Question 41

As his campaign suffered from attack ads,Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis

A)tried to portray himself as a conservative to get the support of Reagan Democrats.
B)promised to deal leniently with foreign foes in an effort to spread goodwill.
C)claimed he was proud to be a liberal,but asserted that he would be strong in dealing with the world.
D)took out his own attack ads,claiming Bush had been soft on crime.

Question 42

Describe the changes made in the Supreme Court during the Reagan administration.Explain what is meant by New Federalism.

Question 43

What was the result of the Persian Gulf War military operations?

A)Saddam Hussein's rule of Iraq came to an end when allied forces invaded Iraq.
B)The Iraqis were driven out of Kuwait quickly,but U.S.and coalition forces stopped at the Iraq border,preferring not to engage in a full-scale invasion.
C)The U.S.was successful in expelling Kuwait from Iraq,but at the cost of thousands of American lives.
D)The U.S.and coalition forces expelled Iraq from Kuwait,but stalled in their invasion of Iraq and failed to achieve the main goal of regime change.

Question 44

One of the most significant acts passed by Congress during President's Bush's term was

A)the Americans with Disabilities Act.
B)the Voting Rights Act.
C)the Equal Rights Amendment.
D)the Civil Rights Act.

Question 45

Analyze the new consumerism that came about due to economic expansion during the Reagan years,and also address the distribution of wealth,or lack thereof,in this economic expansion.

Question 46

Explain the new foreign policy challenges faced by the United States in the wake of the dissolution of the Soviet Union.Identify specific actions taken by the United States-in particular,how the U.S.dealt with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

Question 47

Discuss the new forms of "dissent" that developed during the Reagan years.Identify the groups that were involved in protest movements and the causes they were most likely to champion.

Question 48

What lawmaker took advantage of the new practice of televising congressional sessions on C-Span,using the forum to make a name for himself as a fearless foe of Democrats,progressives,and liberal culture?

A)George H.W.Bush
B)Michael Dukakis
C)Newt Gingrich
D)Bill Clinton

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT true of Operation Desert Storm?

A)It was carried out over strong opposition from the United Nations and protests from most countries in the Middle East.
B)Overwhelming force was used,involving nearly half a million U.S.and allied troops and a massive bombing campaign of Baghdad using cruise missiles.
C)Media access to gory battlefield scenes was strictly limited.
D)It was the largest U.S.military operation since the Vietnam War.

Question 50

The key swing voters in the 1988 election were

A)called Reagan Democrats.
B)conservative Catholics who had traditionally voted Democratic.
C)southern Dixiecrats.
D)middle-class female voters referred as "soccer moms."

Question 51

What caused President Bush to decide to go to war with Iraq?

A)Iraq's use of chemical weapons in its war with Iran
B)Iraq's invasion of Saudi Arabia
C)Iraq's invasion of Kuwait
D)Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein's support of global terrorism

Question 52

President Bush's "no new taxes" pledge

A)helped him maintain high approval ratings.
B)helped the Republicans maintain control of the Congress.
C)did not last as he proposed small income tax increases on the wealthy and steeper taxes on luxury items.
D)was broken when he agreed to across-the-board income tax increases of a minimum of 5 percent in order to pay for the huge deficit.

Question 53

Describe the resurgence of conservatism in the United States that helped lead Ronald Reagan to landslide electoral victories in the presidential elections of 1980 and 1984.Identify the problems faced by the country that were a factor in his election;Reagan's personal qualities as a politician;and the mood of the country in the early 1980s.

Question 54

During the Bush administration,the Soviet Union

A)reasserted control over Eastern Europe.
B)dissolved,and the countries of Eastern Europe gained independence.
C)helped China brutally suppress opposition to China's communist regime.
D)experienced a brief democratic revolution,but a communist coup reasserted an authoritarian control that lasted for several more years.

Question 55

Discuss Reagan's attempt to reverse the New Deal through deregulation,tax cuts,and the reduction of government spending.Also,discuss opposition to Reagan's policies.

Question 56

Explain what is meant by the "revival of the Cold War," and the implications of the Reagan Doctrine.Identify what actions taken by the Soviet Union caused new strains in the relationship between the United States and the USSR.

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT true of George H.W.Bush?

A)He had little in common with President Reagan and was disliked by conservatives.
B)He was a traditional Texas conservative.
C)He favored economic conservatism but took more moderate positions on social issues.
D)His choice of a religious conservative,Senator Dan Quayle,as his running mate won him support among conservatives.