Deck 21: Birth of a Great Power: The United States and the World, 1880-1914

Question 1

Which of the following was NOT something that helped the early mission efforts?

A)the use of the telegraph
B)roads,railroads,and steamships
C)the support of the Vatican and the great wealth of the Catholic Church
D)the European empires' conquest and colonization of much of Africa and Asia

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of "yellow journalism"?

A)The publications of Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer looked to boost their newspaper sales using yellow journalism stories.
B)Yellow journalism combined fact and fiction to create sensational stories intended to arouse the public's interest in Cuba.
C)Yellow journalism referred to the high standards set forth by Joseph Pulitzer and the prize for which he is named.
D)While most newspapers argued the United States should send aid to Cuba and try to solve problems there diplomatically,yellow journalists called for armed intervention.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

During this time Americans were made aware of mass killings of people,or genocide-the most dramatic example being the

A)pogroms against Jews in Germany.
B)killing of Coptic Christians in Africa.
C)slaughter of Armenian Christians in the Ottoman Empire.
D)deaths of Catholics in the Philippines.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following was responsible for promoting the research and development of overseas markets and helped open museums that offered information that could be useful to manufacturers looking for overseas markets?

A)the U.S.State Department
B)the Office of the U.S.Trade Representative
C)the National Association of Manufacturers
D)a consortium of labor unions led by the American Federation of Labor

Question 5

Which of the following was NOT a reason U.S.manufacturers were eager to find overseas markets and chose to sell to less industrialized countries?

A)Powerful European industries made it difficult for most American manufacturers to sell to European markets.
B)U.S.manufacturers' output had far outstretched the nation's ability to consume.
C)They worried that economic downturns would lead to increased strikes and the radicalization of workers.
D)Most of Asia and Africa had yet to be colonized by Europeans and offered easy market entry.

Question 6

Which statement best describes the expansionists' view of the need for acquiring overseas colonies?

A)Their motive was strictly commercial in nature.
B)Their overriding concern was for national security,as overseas markets held little value.
C)They wanted to beat the Europeans to Asia and Africa,which had yet to be colonized.
D)They were concerned that Americans were becoming over-civilized and effeminate and needed a new challenge after closure of the western frontier.

Question 7

What incident was responsible for the United States going to war with Spain?

A)a private letter of President McKinley's that was published in the New York Journal that insulted the Spanish leadership
B)a surprise attack by the Spanish on the United States' base at Guantanamo Bay
C)the explosion and deaths onboard the USS Maine,a battle cruiser sent to Havana to prevent attacks on American interests in Cuba
D)an assassination attempt on President McKinley that was blamed on Spanish agents

Question 8

Valeriano Weyler

A)was a freedom fighter in CubA.
B)led a pro-American movement in the Philippines.
C)was the notorious Cuban military governor accused of carrying out atrocities against Cubans.
D)was a Mexican dictator who tried to take over American business interests in Mexico.

Question 9

Which of the following took the leading role in U.S.overseas endeavors?

A)missionaries
B)ambassadors from the state department
C)the military
D)the Peace Corps

Question 10

African American associations and labor unions

A)opposed the war out of concern that Cuban immigrants would take jobs from them.
B)supported the war effort,as they saw the Spanish rule as a form of slavery.
C)were neutral regarding going to war,but bitterly opposed conscription of workers for the army.
D)supported the war in hopes of emigrating to Cuba to take advantage of new economic opportunities.

Question 11

What best describes the nationwide mission effort in the United States?

A)Most early mission efforts in the United States were supported by single churches that adhered to strictly religious and spiritual goals.
B)Student groups and young men and women protested against being sent on dangerous foreign missions.
C)Most of the early missionary efforts focused on taking the Protestant religion to Catholic areas of Europe.
D)While most missionaries were white,African Americans joined in mission efforts,primarily to Africa.

Question 12

What led to public support of U.S.intervention to help Cuba gain its independence from Spain?

A)the desire to open markets for American goods
B)tales of atrocities carried out by the Spaniards against the native Cubans
C)Catholic Americans' desire to help Catholic Cubans
D)fear of a radical government taking over if Cuban rebels were successful

Question 13

Which of the following allowed the United States to assist famine-stricken parts of the world?

A)Congress had set aside millions of dollars of foreign subsidies.
B)Farmers had produced a "glut" of cheap grain,due to mechanization,and were looking for ways to enter foreign markets.
C)Farmers had made so much money from high grain prices that they were able to donate their surpluses.
D)International organizations formed to distribute donated fooD.

Question 14

Captain Alfred T.Mahan taught at the U.S.Naval College and wrote a book that

A)proposed the scuttling of the U.S.naval fleet after the Civil War as a cost-cutting measure,and encouraged an isolationist policy to avoid conflicts with other nations.
B)suggested the United States focus on building coastal vessels only,which could patrol domestic shores and deal with nearby Latin American neighbors.
C)championed the fact that the United States had the strongest navy in the world due to the massive buildup of ironclads during and after the Civil War.
D)asserted the United States' lightweight fleet was "woefully inadequate" for competing with the imperial powers in the world and suggested a major upgrade of the U.S.Navy.

Question 15

What was the Spanish government's response to President McKinley's demand that they put an end to their war in Cuba?

A)The Spanish government acquiesced and started negotiating with Cuban rebels.
B)The Spanish considered this a declaration of war by the United States and began to mobilize forces.
C)The Spanish government called for a meeting with the United States to find a solution to the Cuban problem.
D)The Spanish government sent General Weyler to Cuba to strengthen defenses there.

Question 16

Which of the following was LEAST likely to support outright colonization of foreign territories?

A)Captain Mahan
B)Theodore Roosevelt
C)Grover Cleveland
D)Henry Cabot Lodge

Question 17

How did the principle aim of early missionaries change after attempts at preaching to the local populations?

A)They discovered they were more successful appealing to people on a spiritual level,as opposed to theological debate.
B)They found they were more successful dealing with people's humanitarian needs rather than their religious needs.
C)Their programs changed quickly from religious missions to commercial enterprises.
D)The missionaries quickly learned they should assimilate into the local culture and avoid trying to Americanize the local people.

Question 18

What were "jingoes"?

A)traveling musicians
B)ultra-patriots who favored the threat or use of force
C)journalists who tried to stir up war fever
D)Cubans who collaborated with the Spanish rulers

Question 19

The decline of the Spanish Empire opened up trade opportunities for the United States in

A)Southeast Asian Pacific island nations.
B)Latin America.
C)China and Japan.
D)sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 20

What prompted religious and business interests to look for opportunities overseas?

A)involvement in foreign wars
B)efforts by the diplomatic corps
C)putting down the last of the Native American resistance and full incorporation of the West
D)encouragement from European powers to join in colonizing the world

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Rough Riders' assault of San Juan Hill?

A)It was a successful attempt to save a trapped unit of African American soldiers.
B)The Rough Riders were led by Theodore Roosevelt,who had quit his job as assistant secretary of the navy to join in the war effort.
C)The Rough Riders were a volunteer force enlisted by Roosevelt.
D)Journalists and illustrators imbedded with the unit helped make the Rough Riders heroes in the United States.

Question 22

Whose political career received the biggest boost as a result of the war with Spain?

A)Commodore Dewey
B)President McKinley
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)Woodrow Wilson

Question 23

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Americanization of the Philippines?

A)Thousands of American teachers volunteered to educate the Filipinos.
B)The Woman's Christian Temperance Union worked to curtail prostitution in the Philippines and make it a "symbol of righteousness" in the Far East,but with limited success.
C)The government restricted private groups' participation,as the Philippines were deemed too dangerous.
D)New buildings were erected in the Philippines,and a new summer capital was built using modern building designs to promote American culture,values,and good government.

Question 24

What was the attitude of white Americans regarding African Americans serving in the military?

A)Military commanders cared little about race,only a soldier's ability,so black soldiers served as equals to whites.
B)With resentment still high from the Civil War,white northern soldiers' support of African American soldiers served to further the divide between southern and northern soldiers.
C)Members of the media were eager to show heroic images of black soldiers in their publications.
D)Although they served bravely,many black soldiers were excluded from victory parades,and black veterans were refused service throughout the South.

Question 25

Who had the primary role in overseeing the rebuilding and modernization of the Philippines?

A)William McKinley
B)William Howard Taft
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)Emilio Aguinaldo

Question 26

What was the response to the war against Spain among military service-aged men?

A)There was not much need for volunteers,as the army already totaled over 100,000 men.
B)The government had to institute a draft to coerce the reluctant to join the war effort.
C)The army was limited by continuing efforts to subdue Native American tribes in the West and never was able to reach the number of men necessary to prosecute the war.
D)The response was enthusiastic,as 200,000 men rushed to join the war effort.

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the election of 1900?

A)President McKinley suffered in the polls due to the difficulties in the Philippines.
B)President McKinley faced a stiff primary challenge from Theodore Roosevelt.
C)Victory in the war and economic recovery took McKinley to an easy victory over his Democratic opponent.
D)William Jennings Bryan,the Democratic candidate,won the popular vote but lost the election by a few electoral votes.

Question 28

The Platt Amendment

A)authorized Cubans to establish a fully independent government,but allowed the United States to intervene under certain circumstances.
B)gave Cuba complete independence and a promise that the United States would not intervene in Cuba's internal affairs for any reason whatsoever.
C)allowed the Filipinos to form their own government.
D)gave the citizens of Guam and Puerto Rico full rights as U.S.citizens and equal protection under the Constitution.

Question 29

What was the reaction in the Philippines when U.S.annexation was announced?

A)The Filipinos were overjoyed and held festivals to celebrate joining the United States.
B)As head of a provisional Filipino government,Emilio Aguinaldo immediately applied for statehood status for the Philippines.
C)News of the decree sparked an instant nationalist rebellion that led to war.
D)Most Filipinos were supportive of the move due to fear of nationalist rebellions from the Philippines' many ethnic minorities.

Question 30

Which of the following best describes the war in Cuba and nearby islands?

A)The United States forces suffered heavy losses but won a long,drawn-out struggle to defeat the Spanish.
B)The United States defeated the Spanish in some battles but was unable to dislodge them from their strongholds in Cuba and other Caribbean islands.
C)The United States won a quick and decisive victory,gaining the islands of Puerto Rico and Guam as well as defeating the Spanish in Cuba.
D)The United States lost the war in Cuba but won a decisive battle in the Philippines and remained in control of the Philippines after the war.

Question 31

The casualties suffered by the United States during the war

A)were actually much greater than those of the Spanish,but due to the United States' greater numbers it did not prevent victory.
B)numbered only in the few hundreds,but thousands more died from tropical diseases.
C)were so large that newspapers considered the war a hollow victory.
D)were likely very high,but the number is unknown due to poor recordkeeping at the time.

Question 32

According to the Treaty of Paris,the United States

A)proposed to annex Cuba,breaking the terms of the Teller Amendment.
B)took legal possession of Puerto Rico and Guam.
C)forced Spain to pay $20 million for damages to the Philippines.
D)agreed to allow a Filipino referendum on whether they wanted to remain under the protection of the U.S.or receive their independence

Question 33

Which of the following was NOT an argument that was used in support of U.S.annexation of the Philippines?

A)Because of its many islands and diverse population,the Filipinos were not capable of forging a united,independent nation-state and needed the United States maintain stability.
B)It would allow Filipinos to more easily become American citizens.
C)If the United States abandoned the Philippines it would be taken over by the British,Germans,or some other colonial rival.
D)It was the duty of the United States,or the "white man's burden," to civilize and modernize the "backward" peoples of the worlD.

Question 34

What was the attitude of African Americans serving in the Spanish-American War?

A)Most African Americans resented being forced to fight in the war.
B)Many African Americans hid or tried to leave the country to avoid serving in the army.
C)African Americans were eager to serve,as they saw the war as an opportunity to show their loyalty and fitness for full citizenship.
D)African Americans served strictly out of economic need,not a desire to serve their country.

Question 35

The Jones Act

A)allowed Muslim-dominated areas of the Philippines some autonomy and local rule.
B)put the Philippines under the direct governance of the U.S.Congress.
C)placed the Philippines under martial law until all resistance had been put down.
D)established a Filipino legislature and committed the United States to Philippines independence.

Question 36

What was the prevailing opinion among Europeans of the United States' victory over Spain?

A)British and French media and government sources suggested the United States was emerging as one of the great world powers.
B)Little was made of the victory,as Spain had been in steady decline for centuries.
C)Europeans mocked the United States' empire of tiny islands.
D)The British,French,and Germans put their navies on high alert to protect their colonies from American aggression.

Question 37

Those who opposed the United States acquiring an empire did so for which of the following reasons?

A)worried about cheap imported goods from Asia hurting domestic markets
B)concerned about the economic impact of running an empire and large government deficits
C)worried it would lead to more wars on foreign soil
D)worried that annexation would cause an influx of new citizens

Question 38

The first and most decisive battle of the Spanish-American War was won by Commodore George Dewey in

A)a bombardment of Havana harbor.
B)the capture of Puerto Rico.
C)his surprise attack on the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay in the Philippines.
D)defeating the Spanish fleet and taking the island of Guam.

Question 39

The Teller Amendment

A)stated the United States would occupy Cuba after successful completion of the war and then give the Cubans the option of joining the United States.
B)stated that Spanish holdings in Latin America would be subject to confiscation by the United States.
C)was an appropriations bill that raised $50 million for the war effort.
D)stated that the United States would not formally annex Cuba and demanded Spain leave Cuba or face war.

Question 40

What best describes U.S.efforts to consolidate U.S.power over the Philippines?

A)It was helped by Aguinaldo's knowledge of the terrain and rebel hideouts.
B)It was a difficult and deadly struggle,which resulted in the United States adopting some of the same measures it had strongly denounced Spain for in Cuba.
C)The U.S.military was simply too strong for the Filipinos,who quickly gave up all resistance.
D)While difficult,the casualties were much lower on both sides than had been the case in the Spanish-American War.

Question 41

The Roosevelt Corollary

A)replaced the Monroe Doctrine and stated the United States would not intervene in any way in Latin American affairs.
B)extended the Monroe Doctrine to include newly acquired territories in Pacific Asia.
C)threatened the use of military force against European countries if they did not abandon all their possessions in the Western Hemisphere or if they tried to establish new ones.
D)added to the Monroe Doctrine an assertion of U.S.police power over the entire Western Hemisphere.

Question 42

Which of the following was a difficulty faced by the United States in asserting its Open Door policy with China?

A)While the U.S.Navy was the strongest in the world,the long distance to China made it difficult to assert its power.
B)The strengthening of the Manchu (Qing)Dynasty was threatening to expel all imperial interests from China.
C)European powers and Japan had already established spheres of influence in China,and without a dominant military it looked as though the United States would be blocked from entry into Chinese markets.
D)The European powers and Japan publicly rebuked Secretary of State Hay for his Open Door Notes.

Question 43

Identify the many groups involved in overseas Christian mission work.Explain how their efforts changed from strictly religious and spiritual to focusing on humanitarian aid and assistance.

Question 44

Which is true of the issues in question and the decisions made by the Supreme Court in the Insular Cases?

A)The Supreme Court saw the issues of imported goods and individuals' rights as completely separate,and allowed Congress to regulate trade as a part of interstate commerce but decided a special court should be established to hear cases involving constitutional rights.
B)The Supreme Court ruled that even though the new territories were not technically American soil,as they were being overseen by the American legislative and legal system they should receive all rights guaranteed in the Constitution.
C)The Supreme Court ruled that Puerto Rico,the Philippines,Hawaii,and other new acquisitions were American soil but that the Constitution did not automatically extend to them.
D)The Supreme Court ruled on the legality of the United States' acquisition of the territories and found it to be unconstitutional.

Question 45

Explain how the United States and Mexico came into conflict.Identify specific events that led to the conflict and how missteps by President Wilson helped to exacerbate the conflict,especially in his handling of Pancho Villa.

Question 46

Discuss what is meant by the term expansionist,and identify the people and groups that supported expansion.Explain what created the need for the United States to look for overseas markets,and identify the methods suggested to gain and protect those markets.

Question 47

Compare and contrast the subordinate position the United Sates held in Asia to the sphere of influence the U.S.held over Latin America.Explain how the United States was able to increase its influence in both regions over time,and how Taft tried to use "dollar diplomacy" rather than military power.

Question 48

What led to a Chinese mass boycott of U.S.-made goods?

A)resentment over the Open Door policy
B)congressional renewal of a ban on Chinese immigration
C)anger over the U.S.helping the British put down the Boxer Rebellion
D)the U.S.showing favoritism toward Japan over China

Question 49

Explain the reasons given by the United States government for keeping territories such as the Philippines.Identify the individuals and groups within the U.S.who opposed imperialistic moves,and how the events in the Philippines furthered their cause.

Question 50

Describe the successes and difficulties faced by the United States under the leadership of future president Taft in attempts at progressive nation-building in the Philippines.

Question 51

Analyze the long-term,underlying causes for the Spanish-American War.In addition,describe the immediate causes and the role the media played in the outbreak of hostilities.

Question 52

Roosevelt undermined the Open Door policy by forging a close,though informal,alliance with the

A)British.
B)French.
C)Japanese.
D)Germans.

Question 53

In the Treaty of Portsmouth,Roosevelt helped broker peace between

A)Great Britain and Japan.
B)the European empires and China.
C)Russia and Japan.
D)China and Japan.

Question 54

Which of the following incidents and actions by President Wilson nearly brought the United States and Mexico to war?

A)After the Tampico incident,American troops marched on Veracruz,uniting the differing warring factions within Mexico in opposition to the perceived U.S.invasion.
B)He ordered General Pershing to capture and arrest General Huerta,which was seen as an affront to all Mexicans.
C)The ordered bombardment of Tampico after the arrest of U.S.soldiers there caused many civilian deaths and the rise of a strong anti-American sentiment in Mexico.
D)President Wilson publicly supported the tyrant Porfirio D'az who,while brutal to his own people,protected U.S.business interests in Mexico.

Question 55

Who was the popular peasant leader who was at first supported by President Wilson,gained fame in the American media for his charismatic personality,but later turned on the U.S.and became its top enemy after the attack on Veracruz?

A)Porfirio D'az
B)Pancho Villa
C)Francisco Madero
D)Victoriano Huerta

Question 56

In an attempt to avoid armed intervention,Taft's strategy involving U.S.banks was called

A)gunboat diplomacy.
B)the Open Door policy.
C)dollar diplomacy.
D)peace through strength diplomacy.