Deck 27: Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Question 1

The condition that develops on a previously damaged heart valve is called

A) an aneurysm.
B) acute bacterial endocarditis.
C) myocarditis.
D) subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Bacteria which cause subacute bacterial endocarditis may gain access to the bloodstream by

A) trauma.
B) dental procedures.
C) brushing teeth.
D) ingestion.
E) trauma, dental procedures AND brushing teeth.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The scientist responsible for the development of the first anti-plague vaccine in 1866 was

A) Alexandre Yersin.
B) Robert Koch.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Josef Marburg.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

High levels of antibodies in patients with SBE tend to be of little use because

A) they make the bacteria clump together and adhere to the clot.
B) the surface antigens change rapidly and become unrecognizable.
C) the antibodies are defective.
D) the antibodies degrade quickly.

Question 5

The sac which surrounds the heart is called the

A) endocardium.
B) pericardium.
C) atrium.
D) myocardium.

Question 6

Acute bacterial endocarditis differs from subacute bacterial endocarditis in the

A) suddenness and severity of onset.
B) population affected.
C) resultant damage.
D) development of exotoxin shock.

Question 7

The circulation of an agent in the bloodstream is given a name ending in

A) -ase.
B) -ing.
C) -emia.
D) -ation.

Question 8

The fluid which bathes and nourishes the tissue cells is the

A) cytoplasm.
B) lymph.
C) blood.
D) interstitial fluid.

Question 9

The small bean-shaped bodies into which the lymphatic vessels drain are the

A) lymph nodes.
B) adrenals.
C) subclavian veins.
D) valves.

Question 10

A visible red streak in an infected hand or foot is referred to as

A) septicemia.
B) bacteremia.
C) lymphangitis.
D) edema.

Question 11

Which of the following is more likely to cause fatal septicemias?

A) Gram-positive bacteria
B) Gram-negative bacteria
C) negative stained bacteria
D) acid-fast stained bacteria

Question 12

Blood and lymph may carry

A) antibodies.
B) complement.
C) lysozyme.
D) interferon.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 13

The material released from bacteria that may lead to shock and death in septicemia is

A) exotoxin.
B) protein A
C) endotoxin.
D) interferon.

Question 14

The spleen, in part, functions to cleanse the

A) lymph.
B) interstitial fluid.
C) cytoplasm.
D) blood.

Question 15

The most common agent(s) causing subacute bacterial endocarditis is/are

A) Streptococcus pyogenes.
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
C) normal skin or mouth flora.
D) Escherichia coli.

Question 16

Which organism may be implicated in arteriosclerosis?

A) Escherichia coli
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 17

The inflammatory effects of immune complexes lodged in the kidney is called

A) renal phritis.
B) rendema.
C) glomerulonephritis.
D) urethritis.

Question 18

The plague bacillus is known as

A) Plasmodium vivax.
B) Pneumocystis carinii.
C) Streptococcus pyogenes.
D) Yersinia pestis.

Question 19

Which of the following can only be identified using PCR after valve surgery?

A) Escherichia coli
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Tropheryma whippelii
D) Staphylococcus epidermidis

Question 20

The heart chamber that passes blood to the lungs is the

A) left ventricle.
B) right ventricle.
C) right atrium.
D) left atrium.

Question 21

The "Black Death" may also be known as

A) tularemia.
B) brucellosis.
C) endocarditis.
D) plague.

Question 22

The common name for tularemia is

A) Bang's disease.
B) rabbit fever.
C) Hansen's disease.
D) Chagas' disease.

Question 23

The cytokine released from macrophages that seems to play a major role in endotoxic shock is

A) macrophage factor.
B) tumor necrosis factor.
C) proteinA
D) interferon.

Question 24

The disease responsible for the death of approximately ¼ the population of Europe from 1346 to 1350 was

A) typhus.
B) pneumonia.
C) influenza.
D) plague.

Question 25

Although endotoxemia affects many organs, the organ most seriously and irreversibly affected is the

A) heart.
B) lung.
C) kidney.
D) spleen.

Question 26

The plague is typically transmitted via the bite of

A) ticks.
B) fleas.
C) lice.
D) mites.

Question 27

Enlargement of lymph nodes or spleen is often associated with

A) tularemia.
B) brucellosis.
C) plague.
D) infectious mononucleosis.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

The major virulence factors of Yersinia pestis are carried on

A) the chromosome.
B) a plasmid.
C) three separate plasmids.
D) nuclear membrane.

Question 29

Symptoms of plague appear in

A) two to three months.
B) one to two years.
C) three to six hours.
D) one to six days.

Question 30

The causative agent of plague is

A) Vibrio cholerae.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Brucella abortus.
D) Yersinia pestis.

Question 31

Cytokine(s) released from macrophages in response to exposure to endotoxin is/are

A) tumor necrosis factor.
B) interleukin-1.
C) protein A
D) alpha-toxin.

Question 32

The virulence factor of Yersinia pestis that is a protease that destroys C3b and C5a is

A) Yops.
B) PLA.
C) F1.
D) protein A

Question 33

Yops proteins, produced by Yersinia pestis,

A) interfere with phagocytosis
B) activates plasminogen activator.
C) destroys C3b and C5a.
D) promotes apoptosis.

Question 34

Enlargement of lymph nodes or spleen is often associated with

A) tularemia.
B) brucellosis.
C) plague.
D) gastritis.
E) tularemia, brucellosis AND plague.

Question 35

The development of lymph node enlargement in the region of a skin ulcer after a tick or insect bite or handling of a wild animal suggests

A) brucellosis.
B) endocarditis.
C) septicemia.
D) tularemia.

Question 36

Which of the following is/are able to survive phagocytosis?

A) Brucella sp.
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Francisella tularensis
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
E) Brucella sp, Francisella tularensis AND Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 37

Yersinia pestis typically contains

A) one plasmid.
B) two plasmids.
C) three plasmids.
D) four plasmids.

Question 38

Traditionally the animal(s) associated with hosting Brucella is/are

A) cattle.
B) dogs.
C) goats.
D) pigs.
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 39

Brucellosis may also be known as

A) Bang's disease.
B) undulent fever.
C) Hansen's disease.
D) rabbit fever.
E) Bang's disease AND undulent fever.

Question 40

In order to culture the organism responsible for tularemia, the growth media must contain

A) charcoal.
B) glucose.
C) cysteine.
D) NAD.

Question 41

The media used to successfully grow Francisella tularensis must contain cysteine.

Question 42

The cause of infectious mononucleosis is

A) varicella virus.
B) Staphylococcus aureus.
C) Epstein-Barr virus.
D) Francisella tularensis.

Question 43

The production of heterophile antibody is associated with

A) tularemia.
B) brucellosis.
C) plague.
D) infectious mononucleosis.

Question 44

Muscles aid the flow of venous blood.

Question 45

In which of the following diseases does the spleen enlarge?

A) infectious mononucleosis
B) malaria
C) leishmaniasis
D) brucellosis
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 46

The disease caused by an enveloped single-stranded RNA arbovirus of the flavivirus family is

A) AIDS.
B) malaria.
C) yellow fever.
D) herpes.

Question 47

Gram-positive organisms are more likely to cause fatal septicemias than other infectious agents.

Question 48

The major virulence factors of Yersinia pestis are carried on a plasmid.

Question 49

In a malarial infection, only sporozoites can infect the human liver.

Question 50

Both malaria and yellow fever are transmitted by mosquitoes.

Question 51

Yellow fever is transmitted by

A) ticks.
B) fleas.
C) Anopheles mosquitoes.
D) Aedes mosquitoes.

Question 52

Septicemia is only caused by Gram-negative bacteria.

Question 53

Epstein-Barr virus may become latent in

A) red blood cells.
B) T cells.
C) nerve cells.
D) B cells.

Question 54

Which species of Plasmodium causes the most serious form of malaria?

A) ovale
B) malariae
C) vivax
D) falciparum

Question 55

Which of the following may be transmitted by saliva?

A) infectious mononucleosis
B) rabies
C) plague
D) yellow fever
E) infectious mononucleosis AND rabies

Question 56

Yellow fever is caused by a protozoan infection.

Question 57

Both Francisella tularensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are able to survive phagocytosis.

Question 58

Which of the following is transmitted by mosquitoes?

A) plague
B) yellow fever
C) malaria
D) tularemia
E) yellow fever AND malaria

Question 59

Which of the following is caused by a protozoan infection?

A) malaria
B) yellow fever
C) tularemia
D) infectious mononucleosis

Question 60

Plasmodium falciparum causes the most serious form of malaria.

Question 61

How would crowded conditions in cities favor spread of plague?

A) Plague is transmitted by rats-more people means more waste, and more waste means more rats. This would favor the spread of plague.
B) Plague is transmitted by mosquitoes-more people close together gives an infected mosquito more chances to bite humans and transmit the causative agent, spreading plague.
C) Plague is transmitted by infected fleas-these fleas may be found on rodents (such as rats). More people in an area means a greater chance of interactions with animals carrying infected fleas, increasing the spread of plague.
D) Plague is transmitted by direct contact (e.g. skin to skin). More people in an area provides more chances for infected individuals to directly contact and infect other individuals, spreading plague.

Question 62

What is the difference between 'bacteremia' and 'septicemia?'

A) Bacteremia is an infection with bacteria. Septicemia is an infection with Septic protozoans.
B) Bacteremia is the presence of living, multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream. Septicemia is the presence of endotoxins, but not necessarily of living microbial agents.
C) Septicemia is the presence of living, multiplying bacteria in the bloodstream. Bacteremia is the presence of endotoxins, but not necessarily of living microbial agents.
D) There is no difference-both terms denote the presence of living bacterial cells in the bloodstream.

Question 63

Why does it take more than a week before a mosquito just infected with yellow fever virus can transmit the disease?

A) The virus must replicate in the gut of the mosquito before it can reach high enough numbers for transmission to a new human.
B) Mosquitoes only feed once a week, which limits their ability to transmit the disease rapidly.
C) Yellow fever is caused by a protozoan. It must develop from the sporozoite form into the mature form to become infectious, and this takes time.
D) The virus multiplies in the gut of the mosquito, but then needs to migrate to the proboscis (biting nose) of the animal in order to infect a new human being after a new bite. This migration takes time.