Deck 21: Hexapods

Question 1

Insects differ from other arthropods because insects

A)have paired,jointed legs.
B)have ectognathous mouthparts.
C)have a single pair of antennae.
D)have mandibles.
E)have tagmata or fused segments.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Insect wings operate by

A)only pulling the wing upward and letting gravity pull it downward.
B)small thin muscles actually contracting within the wing membrane itself.
C)either attaching to the wing directly or moving the wing by distorting the thoracic components.
D)extending the wing in and out of the thorax.
E)whirling the wing in a circle.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Insect legs are attached to the

A)head,thorax,and abdomen (one pair each).
B)thorax and abdomen (two pairs on the thorax and one on the abdomen).
C)thorax with one pair on the prothorax,mesothorax and metathorax.
D)thorax with all three pairs on the mesothorax.
E)thorax with two pairs on the mesothorax and one pair on the metathorax.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The class Insecta

A)has more species than any other group of animals.
B)is of major medical importance to humans.
C)is of major economic importance to humans.
D)are critical in ecology that the loss of all insects would cause a major disruption in nature.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The only superficially marine insects are

A)insects that are parasites of marine fish.
B)herbivorous insects that live on kelp.
C)crustaceans.
D)marine water striders that skate on the surface.
E)larval forms of dragonflies and damselflies.

Question 6

Which is NOT a correct association of mouthparts and insect?

A)Sucking mouthparts-water scorpion
B)Sponging mouthparts-house fly
C)Biting mouthparts-grasshopper
D)Sponging mouthparts-butterfly
E)Sucking mouthparts-mosquito

Question 7

Insect wings are

A)an extension of the cuticle formed by the epidermis.
B)a double membrane stiffened with veins.
C)reduced to a pair of wings and a pair of balancing halteres in true flies.
D)a feature of adult but not larval insects.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The major flight muscles of insects such as flies and bees

A)are all indirect.
B)are all synchronous.
C)do not require nervous stimulation to operate.
D)beat at a slow rate (under 100 beats per second)but with great efficiency.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 9

Saprophagous insects feed on

A)plant juices.
B)dead animals.
C)other insects.
D)any living organism.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 10

When an insect larvae slowly consumes and eventually kills its host,it is called a

A)hyperparasite.
B)phytophagous.
C)saprophagous.
D)hyperpredaceous.
E)parasitoid.

Question 11

Insect tracheae are kept from collapsing by

A)having walls of thick chitin.
B)having spirals of cuticle called taenidia.
C)being filled with water all the way to the spiracle.
D)being inflated and under higher air pressure.
E)being wrapped in insect muscle.

Question 12

Entomology is the study of

A)the growth and development of animals.
B)millipedes and centipedes.
C)insects.
D)all arthropods.
E)all invertebrates.

Question 13

When insects have two pairs of wings,they are attached to the

A)thorax and abdomen (one pair each).
B)thorax with one pair on the prothorax and one pair on the mesothorax.
C)thorax with one pair on the mesothorax and one pair on the metathorax.
D)thorax with both pairs on the mesothorax.
E)thorax with both pairs on the metathorax.

Question 14

Primitively wingless hexapods are the

A)neuropterans.
B)thysanurans.
C)zorapterans.
D)isopterans.
E)hemipterans.

Question 15

Thin and threadlike tubes extend into the hemolymph from where they join the digestive tract between the midgut and hindgut.These are

A)tracheal gills.
B)sensilla.
C)segmental ganglia.
D)accessory pulsatile organs.
E)malpighian tubules.

Question 16

When a parasitic insect is itself parasitized by another insect,

A)this is called a superparasite.
B)this is hyperparasitism.
C)this is co-parasitism.
D)the second parasite is a parasitoid.
E)the first insect is the host-parasite.

Question 17

In insects,the genital appendages are located

A)at the end of the abdomen.
B)on the thorax next to the abdomen.
C)on the abdomen near the thorax.
D)in many locations including the pedipalps as occurs in spiders.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 18

The majority of insects

A)are parasitic.
B)feed on plant juices and tissues.
C)are carnivorous.
D)are omnivorous.
E)are detritivores.

Question 19

The exoskeleton of insects is

A)very soft and pliable.
B)rigid due to deposits of calcium.
C)rigid due to chitin.
D)rigid due to unique scleroproteins.
E)variable depending on the thickness of the chitin.

Question 20

How is an insect circulatory system best described?

A)The open system uses a dorsal aorta and accessory pulsatory organs to push hemolymph through the body cavities and wings,etc.but the hemolymph has little respiratory function.
B)The system is totally closed like ours with arteries and veins and the amebocytes aid in respiratory function.
C)The system is similar to ours with general closed sinuses but no distinct arteries and veins.
D)A circulatory system is totally absent and each body cell is on its own to gain food and get rid of wastes.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 21

The nervous system of an insect consists of

A)a brain where all ganglia extend out to communicate with each organ.
B)a minimal brain with neurosecretory functions and a nerve cord with ganglia extending down the dorsum.
C)a minimal brain with neurosecretory functions and a nerve cord with ganglia extending down the ventral surface.
D)no brain but coordination handled by ganglia in each segment and a nerve ladder for coordination.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 22

Which is an advantage(s)of a more complex form of metamorphosis where an adult is very different from the larvae?

A)This would allow an insect species to exploit two different food sources.
B)An insect could evade a predator specialized for one stage.
C)It allows an insect to overwinter in resistant stage.
D)All of the choices are advantages.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 23

Flicker-fusion is the rate at which a series of still pictures become fused into a moving picture.How do most flying insects compare to humans and why?

A)Flying insects have a slower rate because they are not as evolutionarily advanced as mammals.
B)Flying insects have a slower rate because a faster rate would have no advantage for them.
C)Flying insects have a faster rate because they are smaller.
D)Flying insects have a faster rate that is an advantage flying through a crowded landscape.
E)There is no way to determine what an insect can see or test why it developed.

Question 24

Based on proportionate body length,a flea's jump is the equivalent of a 6-foot human jumping 600 feet.This is

A)evidence of the superior strength of insect muscle on a cross-section comparison.
B)partially due to the protein resilin that stores energy in insects.
C)an advantage of anchoring muscles inside an exoskeleton.
D)due to the superior ability of insects to deliver both food and oxygen to muscle tissues.
E)related to the length of muscles;the shorter they are,the more powerful they are.

Question 25

Insects undergo a period of dormancy in winter or summer called

A)ecdysis.
B)trophallaxis.
C)metamorphosis.
D)diapause.
E)the pupal stage.

Question 26

A male silkworm that locates a female by detecting the odor of her pheromone is using a sensory system located in his

A)antennae.
B)abdomen.
C)legs.
D)wings.
E)thorax.

Question 27

Which is NOT a human disease using an insect as the vector?

A)Malaria
B)Plague
C)Chagas' disease
D)Yellow fever
E)AIDS

Question 28

Integrated pest management

A)never uses pesticides for insect control.
B)combines use of resistant plants,crop rotation,timing of sowing,and use of biological controls with limited insecticide use.
C)is synonymous with organic farming.
D)requires a willingness to harvest far less food of poorer quality.
E)All of the choices are correct.

Question 29

Termites transfer inhibiting pheromones to suppress female offspring from becoming fertile through a mutual feeding process called

A)mimicry.
B)trophallaxis.
C)biological control.
D)diapause.
E)saprophagous behavior.

Question 30

Wing muscles that are attached to the wing itself are considered ____________ flight muscles.

Question 31

The respiratory system in insects consists of specialized air tubes called the ______________.

Question 32

Fleas and springtails both lack wings

A)because they never evolved wings and are both primitive insects.
B)because they are both parasites and lost wings from winged ancestors.
C)fleas are primitive but springtails lost wings when they gained their springtails.
D)springtails never had wings but fleas are derived from winged fly-like ancestors and secondarily lost wings when they became parasites.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 33

The relationship between many insects and flowers is

A)neutral,and of neither harm nor benefit.
B)a case of herbivores eating host plants.
C)co-evolutionary,with flowers evolving to attract insects and the insects adapting to pollinate flowers and harvest pollen and nectar.
D)always harmful to the plants.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 34

Highly specialized insects such as bees and flies have powerful ______________ flight muscles.

Question 35

The protection possessed by a monarch butterfly is due to

A)the fact that it has a stinging proboscis.
B)a natural bad taste possessed by all butterflies.
C)a toxic chemistry acquired from ingesting milkweed cardenolids when it was a caterpillar.
D)mimicry of another butterfly that has a bad taste.
E)orange pigments that are always toxic,which is why orange animals are always protected.

Question 36

The majority of insects are phytophagous or ______________,which means that they feed on plant juices or tissues.

Question 37

The distinction between endognathous and ectognathous insects is a distinction between

A)diplurans,springtails,and proturans versus the rest of the insect orders.
B)holding the mandibles and maxillae internally in a pouch versus having external mouthparts.
C)adaptation for feeding on very small particles versus a wider ability to feed on larger food.
D)All of the choices are correct.
E)None of the choices is correct.

Question 38

The study of insects is known as ____________.

Question 39

The dorsal sclerite of a body segment is the ________________.

Question 40

Examples of holometabolous,hemimetabolous and direct development would be,respectively

A)a dragonfly,grasshopper,and butterfly.
B)a springtail,beetle,and butterfly.
C)a wasp,beetle,and butterfly.
D)a butterfly,grasshopper,and springtail.
E)a grasshopper,springtail,and butterfly.

Question 41

Explain how the contraction of muscles of the jaw or limbs aid in insect respiration.

Question 42

The major endocrine organs involved in development of insects are the brain,ecdysial glands,and corpora cardiaca and ______ ______.

Question 43

Substances secreted by one individual that affect the behavior or physiology of another individual are called _____________.

Question 44

Brain hormone stimulates the ________ _________ to secrete ecdysone.

Question 45

At the lower end of the Malpighian tubule,the pH becomes slightly acid,which causes the _________ __________ to precipitate out.

Question 46

Explain why some entognathans may be more closely related to insects than other entognathans.

Question 47

In honeybees,the caste of sexually mature males are called ______________.

Question 48

Provide a biologically reasonable explanation for why insects never exploited the marine environment.

Question 49

Decades ago,newspaper headlines announced that scientists had proven that bumblebees could not fly.The actual situation involved measurements of the nerve impulses to the flight muscles.This count of nerve impulses,translated to one wing beat per impulse,was too low for the surface area of the bumblebee wing to lift the big bumblebee body off the ground.The formula for calculating the lift of a wing surface was well-demonstrated for airplane wings.From our present knowledge of insect wing control,did scientists actually prove that bumblebees could not fly,and why do we no longer consider this aerodynamic calculation a problem?

Question 50

Describe the philosophy and the strategies used in integrated pest management.

Question 51

What adaptations do insects have that make the use of respiratory pigments unnecessary or of less value?

Question 52

Wings of butterflies,order _________________,are covered with minute scales.

Question 53

A genetically programmed arrest in development of some insects is called _____________.

Question 54

Flies and mosquitoes belong to the order _________.

Question 55

The stages in the life cycle of a hemimetabolous insect are egg,______________,and adult.

Question 56

Each stage of an insect between molts is called a(n)_____________.

Question 57

Discuss hypotheses for the evolution of insect wings.

Question 58

The stages in the life cycle of a holometabolous insect are egg,larva,________________,adult.

Question 59

During postembryonic development,most insects undergo a change in form called ______________.