Deck 26: Simulation

Question 1

Simulation is used in manufacturing management to determine production schedules,inventory Levels and to do capacity planning.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In a simulation model time can be advanced by fixed or variable time increments.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

General-Purpose Simulation Software (GPSS)is really a computer language that allows programmers to build their own simulation models.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Simulation models are classified as discrete if they are based on mathematical equations.

Question 5

Special-Purpose Simulation Software is specially built to run specific applications that have provisions in manufacturing models to allow for specifying the number of work centers,their descriptions,arrival rates and even batch sizes.

Question 6

Time incrementing is a concept of a simulated clock.

Question 7

As stated in the textbook,there are five different categories of probability distributions that can be used for a simulation study.

Question 8

In order to develop the random number intervals for a simulation study we need to know the probability distributions in the situation to be simulated.

Question 9

When we have performed a simulation run of a model another simulation experiment might be called for that requires a change in parameters or variables.

Question 10

Decision rules in a simulation are a set of conditions under which the behavior of the simulation model is observed.These rules are either directly or indirectly the focus of most simulation studies.

Question 11

The run length of a simulation depends on the purpose of the simulation.

Question 12

In a simulation model time cannot be advanced by variable time increments.

Question 13

Spreadsheet simulations have become obsolete due in part to specialized computer simulation languages like SLAM or SIMAN.

Question 14

Simulation models are classified as continuous if the simulation occurs at specific event points,like a piece of machinery in a factory breaking down.

Question 15

Regardless of the computer language chosen for a simulation model,too much data from a simulation can be dysfunctional to problem solving.

Question 16

A simulation model does not have to be validated to provide accurate information.

Question 17

Operations and supply management simulations are most usually the continuous type.

Question 18

An empirical probability distribution used in a simulation study is one derived from a standard mathematical distribution like the normal or Poisson probability distributions.

Question 19

Run length and run time are the same thing.

Question 20

The first step in the major phase "constructing the simulation model" is to determine which properties of the system should be fixed (called parameters)and which should be allowed to assume different values (called variables)throughout the simulation run.

Question 21

Being able to permit interactive debugging of a model so the user can trace flows through the model and more easily find errors is considered a desirable feature of simulation software systems.

Question 22

In a simulation study,after defining the problem and constructing the simulation model,the immediate next major phase of the study is which of the following?

A)Run the simulation
B)Specify values of variables and parameters
C)Evaluate results
D)Validation
E)Propose a new experiment

Question 23

A small vendor has either a good day of sales with an average of $1,000 or a bad day with an average of only $500 for the day.To simulate these outcomes,random numbers from 00 to 99 should be assigned with the intervals determined from the frequency distribution.If,during the last 100 days,the vendor had 27 good days and 73 bad days,which of the following is a correct random number interval for a bad day?

A)28 to 99
B)27 to 73
C)27 to 100
D)27 to 99
E)00 to 26

Question 24

In the context of a simulation study,which of the following refers to testing the computer simulation program to ensure that the simulation is correct?

A)Validation
B)Confirmation
C)Substantiation
D)Calibration
E)Checking

Question 25

On a good day a distributor will have $5,000 of inventory sales;on a medium day sales of $3,000;on a bad day only $1,000.Suppose you have data on this distributor's sales for the past 100 days and that she had 25 good days,50 medium days and 25 bad days.If you draw a random number to represent her sales for the first simulated day and that number were 89,which of the following were her simulated sales? (Note: arrange the random number interval probability distribution so it starts with a good day at 00 followed by a medium day,etc.

A)$5,000
B)$3,000
C)$2,500
D)$1,000
E)Can not be determined

Question 26

Which of the following is a way of dealing with a validation problem when the computer simulation yields results that you suspect are incorrect?

A)Run the computer program again with more or fewer iterations
B)Simulate present conditions and compare results with the existing system
C)Approach the problem with a mathematical model instead
D)Use a different simulation model to try to verify the mistakes
E)Adjust the parameters of the simulation until you get the results you expected

Question 27

Having animation capabilities to graphically display product flows through a production system is not considered a desirable feature of simulation software systems.

Question 28

On a good day,Joe will sell an average of $50,000 of product.On a medium day he will sell $25,000 and on a bad day he will sell only $10,000.Suppose you observe Joe's business for 100 days and,during that time,he had 15 good days,40 medium days and 45 bad days.If you draw a random number to represent his sales for the first simulated day and that number were 47,what kind of simulated day did Joe's business have? (Note: arrange the random number interval probability distribution so it starts with a good day at 00 followed by a medium day,etc. )

A)A good day
B)A medium day
C)A bad day
D)Can not be determined
E)Between medium and bad

Question 29

Being user-friendly and easy to understand typically means that the simulation produces less accurate results.

Question 30

A key factor in the "construct simulation model" phase of a simulation study is which of the following?

A)Determine starting (initial)conditions and values
B)Defining simulation objectives
C)Specification of probability distributions
D)Specification of values for variables and parameters
E)Specification of desired outcomes by management

Question 31

A small company has either a good day of sales with an average of $50,000 or a bad day with an average of only $10,000 for the day.To simulate these outcomes,random numbers from 00 to 99 should be assigned with the intervals determined from the frequency distribution.If,during the last 50 days,that the vendor had 15 good days and 35 bad days,which of the following is a correct random number interval for a bad day?

A)00 to 49
B)15 to 35
C)30 to 99
D)15 to 99
E)00 to 60

Question 32

The technique of simulation has made significant progress since 2003 when a set of simulation standards was adopted by the International Society for Simulation (ISS)an industry organization set up in Japan linking manufacturing firms with organizations providing products for computer games.

Question 33

In modeling a simulation,random numbers from 00 to 99 are assigned with the intervals determined from frequency distributions for each behavior occurrence.If there are two behaviors,A and B,out of 100 tallies,on behavior A you record 45 tallies and on behavior B you record 55 tallies.Which of the following is a correct random number interval for behavior A?

A)00 to 45
B)00 to 44
C)56 to 99
D)55 to 100
E)45 to 100

Question 34

The more time,money and effort you spend developing a simulation model the more likely you are to achieve useful results.

Question 35

The leading general and special purpose simulation models follow a well-documented and standardized approach.

Question 36

One of the features of simulation is that it allows judgment to enter into the design and analysis of the problem.

Question 37

In modeling a simulation random numbers from 00 to 99 are assigned with the intervals determined from frequency distributions for each behavior occurrence.If there are two behaviors,X and Y,out of 50 tallies,on behavior X you record 20 tallies and on behavior Y you record 30 tallies.Which of the following is a correct random number interval for behavior X?

A)00 to 19
B)01 to 20
C)00 to 39
D)41 to 61
E)45 to 100

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of General Purpose Simulation Software?

A)Link Trainer Programs
B)SIMSCRIPT II.5
C)SIM-Central
D)Fortran
E)Visual Basic

Question 39

Determining starting conditions is a major tactical decision in simulation analysis.Which of the following is a way to cope with this problem?

A)Discard data generated during the early parts of a run
B)Select starting conditions that you know are realistic
C)Select starting conditions randomly
D)Measure the actual values of the system you are trying to simulate
E)Use stochastic heuristics as starting conditions

Question 40

Being user-friendly and easy to understand is considered a desirable feature of simulation software systems.

Question 41

What two kinds of probability distributions can be used in a simulation?

Question 42

What are two ways that time is incremented in simulation models?

Question 43

A desirable feature of simulation software is which of the following?

A)Have micro capability,such as the ability to zoom in on minute details
B)Output standard statistics such as cycle times,utilizations and wait times
C)Limiting the variety of data reported to help focus the analysis of alternatives
D)The ability to manipulate the frequency distribution pattern to achieve desired results
E)The ability to exactly mimic the actual situation being simulated

Question 44

Which of the following are viewed as advantages of simulation in operations management decision making?

A)A simulation can be used in training courses as though it were a game
B)A significant amount of computer time can be utilized running simulations
C)The technique of simulation requires innovation as it lacks a standardized approach
D)Simulation may be equally precise but less accurate than a mathematical analysis
E)Simulations are inexpensive and easy to set up and run

Question 45

In constructing a simulation model you decide that a particular property of the real system should be allowed to vary throughout the simulation.What is that property called?

Question 46

What is the most common approach to determining the appropriate run length of a simulation?

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of General Purpose Simulation Software?

A)PC-MODEL
B)MAP/1
C)SIMFACTORY
D)Canella IV
E)OPUS/2.3

Question 48

Which of the following is not one of the desirable features of simulation software listed in the textbook?

A)Being capable of being used interactively
B)Being a complete and accurate model of reality
C)Having building blocks with built-in commands
D)Allow modules to be built and then connected
E)Allow users to write and incorporate their own routines

Question 49

In constructing a simulation model you decide that a particular property of the real system should be represented by a fixed number.What is that property called?

Question 50

Which of the following is not an example of General Purpose Simulation Software?

A)SIMAN
B)GPSS/PC
C)RESQ
D)GAPE/H
E)SLAMII

Question 51

What is the role of judgment in simulation?

Question 52

As described in the text,validation of a simulation involves insuring that the simulation yields "correct" results when compared to the results of the actual real-world system.If this is so,why run simulations at all,why not just use the results of the actual situation which we obviously already know?

Question 53

Which of the following are not viewed as advantages of simulation in operations management decision making?

A)Simulations are easy to run and easy to explain to upper management
B)Time can be compressed
C)Simulations do not disrupt ongoing activities of the real system
D)Simulations can be used to analyze transient conditions
E)Developing a simulation model can lead to better understanding of the real system

Question 54

What are the major phases of a simulation study?