Deck 5: Energy and Life

Question 1

All of the following are correct about energy except:

A)The biological world gets its energy from the sun.
B)Chemical bonds store potential energy.
C)All forms of energy can be converted to heat.
D)Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
E)A boulder perched on a hill has kinetic energy.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

A competitive inhibitor interferes with:

A)the active site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind
B)the repressor site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind
C)the allosteric site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind
D)the oxidized site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind
E)the reduced site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Objects that are not actively moving but have the capacity to do so are said to possess:

A)kinetic energy
B)potential energy
C)entropy
D)living energy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

ATP is composed of a sugar,the organic base adenine,and:

A)three phosphate groups
B)two phosphate groups
C)three nitrate groups
D)phenylalanine

Question 5

Which is incorrect about enzymes?

A)Many drugs,like statin drugs,work by inhibiting key enzymes in cells.
B)A noncompetitive inhibitor of enzymes interferes with the active site of the enzyme.
C)Enzymes need to have a precise shape to work correctly.
D)In humans,extremely high fevers can be fatal because enzymes begin to unfold and stop working.
E)Some enzymes can work in extreme temperatures or very low pH.

Question 6

In reference to enzyme activities,repressors _____ the active site,while activators ________ it.

A)restore,disrupt
B)promote,disrupt
C)disrupt,restore
D)disrupt,promote
E)stimulate,repress

Question 7

Reactions that tend to go on their own,releasing energy,are called:

A)endergonic
B)exergonic
C)catalytic
D)productive

Question 8

Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to:

A)lower activation energy
B)raise activation energy
C)supply activation energy
D)supply the reactants

Question 9

Which of the following activities does NOT require cellular energy?

A)Swimming movements of some types of cells
B)Driving endergonic reactions
C)Movement of organelles within cells
D)Movement of water across the cell membrane

Question 10

Energy flows into the biological world from the:

A)oceans
B)plants
C)sun
D)volcanoes
E)large animals

Question 11

Which of the following factors do NOT influence the action of enzymes?

A)Temperature of the cytoplasm
B)The amount of reactant in the cell
C)pH of the cytoplasm
D)Relative humidity
E)Presence of a repressor

Question 12

Chemical reactions that release energy are called ______ reactions.

A)exergonic
B)endergonic
C)catalysis
D)catalytic

Question 13

Objects that are moving are said to possess:

A)kinetic energy
B)potential energy
C)entropy
D)living energy

Question 14

The site on the enzyme surface where the reactant fits is referred to as the:

A)reactive site
B)allosteric site
C)active site
D)binding site

Question 15

The extra energy required to destabilize existing chemical bonds and to initiate a chemical reaction is called:

A)exergonic energy
B)endergonic energy
C)kinetic energy
D)activation energy
E)catalytic energy

Question 16

Most human enzymes work best within the range of:

A)pH 3 - 5
B)pH 4 - 6
C)pH 6 - 8
D)pH 8 - 10
E)pH 11 - 14

Question 17

The making and breaking of chemical bonds is called:

A)entropy reactions
B)chemical reactions
C)thermodynamic reactions
D)catalysis reactions
E)activation energy reactions

Question 18

The First Law of Thermodynamics states:

A)that energy can be changed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed
B)that energy is constantly being created by entropy events
C)that energy can be used and then destroyed because of entropy's actions on it
D)that energy can be destroyed while it is producing entropy

Question 19

The site on the surface of a reactant where it binds to the enzyme is called the:

A)reactive site
B)allosteric site
C)active site
D)binding site

Question 20

Which of the following processes does NOT use ATP?

A)Muscle contraction
B)Active transport
C)Heat production
D)Diffusion of oxygen into the blood
E)Cytoplasmic transport

Question 21

Explain the components of an ATP molecule.

Question 22

Explain how enzymes are regulated by feedback inhibition.

Question 23

If a ball begins to roll down an incline,its ________ energy is converted into _______ energy.

Question 24

In __________ reactions,the products contain more energy than the reactants.

Question 25

Distinguish between reactants,substrates,and products.

Question 26

What happens to enzymes when the temperature increases beyond their optimal reaction requirement?

Question 27

Do all cells contain the same enzymes? Support your answer.

Question 28

The First Law of Thermodynamics states that ________________

Question 29

All cells convert the potential energy found in food molecules into ATP through:

A)cellular respiration
B)photosynthesis
C)feedback inhibition
D)entropy
E)catalysis

Question 30

A measure of the degree of disorder in a system is called __________.

Question 31

Which are the components of an ATP molecule?

A)deoxyribose,3 phosphates,1 guanine
B)ribose,2 phosphates,1 thymine
C)deoxyribose,ribose,1 cytosine
D)ribose,3 phosphates,1 adenine
E)glucose,3 phosphates,1 guanine

Question 32

When an endergonic reaction is driven by the splitting of ATP molecules,such that both these reactions occur simultaneously,the two-part reaction is called a _____________ reaction.

Question 33

The process of lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called _______.

Question 34

The study of energy is called _____________.

Question 35

The site where a signal molecule binds to the surface of an enzyme is the ______________ site.

Question 36

List and explain four uses for ATP in a cell.

Question 37

A ball sitting on a table top has __________ energy because of its position.