Deck 2: The Chemistry of Life

Question 1

If an element has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14,how many neutrons does it have?

A)6
B)14
C)7
D)8
E)Impossible to determine

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The second shell in an atom contains ________ orbitals and holds up to ________ electrons.

A)4;4
B)3;2
C)4;8
D)3;8
E)8;24

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The mass number of an atom is the:

A)number of neutrons only.
B)the number of electrons plus the number of protons.
C)the number of protons only.
D)the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
E)the number of electrons,plus the number of neutrons,plus the number of protons.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

___________________ bonds are needed for complex shapes of large organic molecules.

A)Directional
B)Nondirectional
C)Stationary
D)Ionic
E)Covalent

Question 5

The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n)_______________ bond.

A)hydrogen
B)covalent
C)kinetic
D)ionic

Question 6

Which is not correct about water molecules?

A)Hydrogen is more electronegative than oxygen.
B)Water is a polar molecule.
C)Covalent bonds exist within a water molecule.
D)Hydrogen bonds exist between water molecules.
E)Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds.

Question 7

A solution with a pH of 4 has _________ the concentration of H⁺ present compared to a solution with a pH of 5.

A)10 times
B)100 times
C)2 times
D)1000 times

Question 8

The atomic number of an atom is the:

A)number of neutrons only
B)number of electrons plus the number of protons
C)number of protons only
D)number of protons plus the number of neutrons
E)number of electrons,plus the number of neutrons,plus the number of protons

Question 9

The nucleus of an atom is composed of two subatomic particles,______________ and _____________.

A)protons;neutrons
B)protons;electrons
C)neutrons;electrons

Question 10

In an atom,protons are always:

A)equal to the electrons
B)never equal to the electrons
C)equal to the neutrons
D)combined with the electrons to calculate the atomic mass

Question 11

What is true about the half-life of ¹⁴C?

A)It takes 5,730 years for half of ¹⁴C to be converted to ¹⁴N.
B)The half-life never changes over time.
C)It can be employed in the radioisotopic dating of fossils.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 12

The ___________________ of atoms determine how atoms will react with each other.

A)protons
B)neutrons
C)nuclei
D)electrons

Question 13

Most elements in nature exist as:

A)solitary unreactive atoms
B)mixtures of different isotopes
C)mixtures of gases
D)mixtures of liquids

Question 14

The first shell in any atom contains one orbital which may contain as many as

A)2 electrons
B)8 protons
C)8 electrons
D)4 neutrons
E)2 neutrons

Question 15

Atoms that bear a positive or negative charge are known as:

A)magnetic
B)electrically neutral
C)ions
D)lacking nuclei

Question 16

What property of water is NOT attributable to hydrogen bonding between water molecules?

A)Heat storage
B)Ice formation
C)Polarity
D)Cohesion

Question 17

When an electron is transferred from one atom to the next,and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another,the type of bond is a(n)__________________ bond.

A)hydrogen
B)covalent
C)kinetic
D)ionic

Question 18

Electrons possess energy of position,also known as _____________ energy.

A)kinetic
B)latent
C)potential
D)opposition

Question 19

The volume of space around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located is called the _______________ of that electron.

A)energy level
B)spin
C)pathway
D)orbital

Question 20

Which type of chemical bond exists within a water molecule?

A)Hydrogen
B)Ionic
C)Covalent
D)It depends on the temperature of the water.
E)Weak

Question 21

Hydrogen bonds exist within a water molecule.

Question 22

Due to hydrogen bonding,ice is _______ dense than water.

Question 23

We use the __________ scale to measure concentrations of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Question 24

Cells contain chemical substances called ____________ that minimize changes in concentrations of H⁺ and OH^-.

Question 25

A substance that increases the concentration of H⁺ is called a(n)________.

Question 26

Discuss the difference between covalent,ionic and hydrogen bonds.

Question 27

Atoms that have the same number of protons but differ in their number of neutrons are _________________.

Question 28

Which statement is incorrect about acid rain?

A)It comes from the tall stacks of coal-burning power plants.
B)Its effects have been more devastating to the Southeast than the Northeast.
C)Sulfuric acid in the atmosphere is carried back to earth with rain.
D)It has resulted in lakes becoming devoid of life.
E)In 1989,rain and snow in the Northeast often had a pH as low as 2.

Question 29

When water ionizes,the negatively charged OH fragment is the ____________ ion.

Question 30

Water moving up into a paper towel is attributable to:

A)heat storage
B)high heat of vaporization
C)electronegativity
D)cohesion
E)adhesion

Question 31

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the __________________.

Question 32

What are two of the characteristics of water that make it so important in living organisms?

Question 33

The high surface tension of water that allows some insects to literally walk on water is due to:

A)high heat of vaporization
B)cohesion
C)adhesion
D)polar covalent bonds
E)heat storage

Question 34

The chemical bond within a water molecule is a ______ bond.

Question 35

What are some of the uses of radioactive isotopes?

Question 36

A solution of pH 3 is 100 times more acidic than a solution of pH 5.

Question 37

Nonpolar compounds are said to be _________________ because they shrink away from contact with water.

Question 38

Nonpolar molecules are water soluble.

Question 39

Atomic mass refers to the numbers of ___________ and __________ of an atom.

Question 40

A solution with a pH of 3 is said to be highly ____________.

Question 41

Describe the structure of an atom,and include how the number of electrons in the outer shell will affect an atom's tendency to interact with other atoms.

Question 42

What is acid rain and how does it affect forests and lakes?