Deck 27: How the Animal Body Defends Itself

Question 1

The ________________ activate the remainder of the immune system responses.

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)Helper T cells
D)Natural killer cells

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The chemical signal sent out by macrophages to mobilize the immune system is:

A)interferon
B)perforin
C)interleukin-2
D)interleukin-1

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_______________________ is an autoimmune disease.

A)Polio
B)Herpes
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Melanoma

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What are the chemical weapons involved with the first line of defense?

A)Oil and sweat glands within the skin
B)Mucus and cilia lining the respiratory tract
C)Saliva and digestive enzymes
D)All of these are correct.

Question 5

When interleukin-2 is released in response to a virus invading body cells,___________________ are activated.

A)killer T cells
B)helper T cells
C)neutrophils
D)mast cells

Question 6

Plasma cells release ________________ that attach to an invading microbe,marking it for destruction.

A)perforin molecules
B)interleukin-2
C)antibodies
D)histamine

Question 7

__________________ secrete antibodies.

A)Plasma cells
B)T cells
C)Helper T cells
D)Natural killer cells

Question 8

Allergic reactions are triggered by the release of _____________ from certain cells.

A)epinephrine
B)histamine
C)serotonin
D)acetylcholine

Question 9

The type of cells that target body cells infected by viruses are:

A)macrophages
B)natural killer cells
C)monocytes
D)eosinophils

Question 10

A person who has type AB blood:

A)has only type A antigens
B)produces anti-A and anti-B antibodies
C)has type A & B antigens
D)cannot receive type A or type B blood in a transfusion

Question 11

The bronchi and bronchioles leading to the lungs have an effective mechanism for trapping incoming microbes.This method consists of:

A)bacteriolytic enzymes
B)roaming patrols in the airways
C)mucus and cilia
D)airborne antibodies

Question 12

The __________________ involves proteins in the plasma that are activated when bacteria or fungi are present.These puncture holes in the cell walls of invaders.

A)natural killer cell
B)complement system
C)inflammatory response
D)macrophagic defense system

Question 13

When B cells are activated,some mass-produce antibodies,while others become __________________,to protect the body at a later date.

A)stationary cells
B)memory B cells
C)mast cells
D)memory T cells

Question 14

The immunoglobulin known as _________ promotes the release of histamines and other agents that produce allergic symptoms.

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgE
D)IgA

Question 15

A molecule that induces an immune response within an organism is called:

A)an interleukin
B)a lymphocyte
C)an antibody
D)an antigen

Question 16

What immune response is present in vertebrates but absent in invertebrates?

A)Complement
B)Antibody-based humoral defense
C)Lymphocytes
D)All of these are correct.

Question 17

The main target of the HIV virus is:

A)cytotoxic T cells
B)memory T cells
C)helper T cells
D)B cells
E)red blood cells

Question 18

The ______________ are cells that release neutralizing chemicals that kill bacteria and themselves in the process.

A)monocytes
B)macrophages
C)basophils
D)neutrophils

Question 19

The outermost layer of cells of the skin is the:

A)stratum corneum
B)stratum granulosum
C)stratum spinosum
D)stratum basale (basal layer)

Question 20

Injured cells release chemicals that trigger expansion of blood vessels as well as movement of blood and immune system cells into the area.This response is the:

A)inflammatory response
B)counterattack
C)fever
D)complement system response

Question 21

The self-identifying proteins on self body cells are called:

A)perforins
B)MHC proteins
C)plasma proteins
D)interleukin-1
E)interferons

Question 22

Which immunoglobulin is the major form of antibody in blood plasma?

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgD
D)IgA
E)IgE

Question 23

Why has finding an effective AIDS vaccine been so difficult?

A)Because it is caused by a virus.
B)Because they have not yet isolated the virus that causes AIDS.
C)Because the virus constantly mutates and so vaccines need to be made for all types.
D)The body does not make antibodies against the virus.
E)It is a sexually transmitted virus.

Question 24

What is the main problem that results in autoimmune diseases?

A)The body fails to distinguish between self and nonself antigens.
B)Helper T cells are not functioning correctly.
C)The memory T cells fail to respond for subsequent exposures to antigen.
D)Macrophages are not working.
E)There is too much IgD in the blood.

Question 25

Which of the following are not normally found in humans?

A)Monoclonal antibodies
B)Cytotoxic T cells
C)Helper T cells
D)Memory T cells
E)Macrophages

Question 26

All of the following are autoimmune diseases except:

A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)lupus
C)Graves' disease
D)type I diabetes
E)polio

Question 27

The outermost barrier to penetration by microbial invaders is the ______________.

Question 28

Which cells complete their maturation in the bone marrow?

A)Mast cell
B)B cell
C)T cell
D)Monocyte
E)Natural killer cell

Question 29

Which immunoglobulin is the first type to be made during the primary response to an antigen?

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgD
D)IgA
E)IgE

Question 30

Modern pregnancy tests use ___________ antibodies produced against a pregnancy hormone as the antigen.

Question 31

Which proteins act as messengers that protect other cells in the vicinity from viral infection?

A)Perforins
B)MHC proteins
C)Plasma proteins
D)Interleukin-1
E)Interferons

Question 32

Which cell dampens the activity of T and B cells after the infection has been checked?

A)Mast cell
B)Cytotoxic T cell
C)Suppressor T cell
D)Memory B cell
E)Natural killer cell

Question 33

Antigen-presenting cells are usually:

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)macrophages
D)neutrophils
E)natural killer cells

Question 34

Which of the following cells do not kill cells directly?

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)Macrophages
D)Neutrophils
E)Natural killer cells

Question 35

During the primary response,the amount of antibody is ______ compared to the secondary response to the same antigen.

A)low
B)high
C)the same

Question 36

Which cell migrates to the thymus gland to mature?

A)Mast cell
B)B cell
C)T cell
D)Monocyte
E)Natural killer cell

Question 37

Which is incorrect about HIV/AIDS?

A)The fatality rate of AIDS is 100%.
B)The disease is highly contagious.
C)Symptoms of AIDS usually show up years after infection.
D)Death by cancer is likely.
E)The virus is spread through the transfer of internal body fluids.

Question 38

The two major phagocytic cells of the body are:

A)macrophages and neutrophils
B)B cells and T cells
C)mast cells and natural killer cells
D)B cells and neutrophils
E)plasma cells and monocytes

Question 39

Which immunoglobulin is found in saliva,mucus,and mother's milk?

A)IgM
B)IgG
C)IgD
D)IgA
E)IgE

Question 40

The ________________ is the outermost layer of skin,consisting of dying,waterproof cells.

Question 41

__________ is a type of an allergic response in which the release of histamines triggers breathing passages to become narrow.

Question 42

Describe the role of macrophages in protecting the body against disease.

Question 43

How is it that vertebrates are able to produce antibodies to virtually every foreign antigen with which they come in contact?

Question 44

The types of cells that release histamines in an allergic response are __________________.

Question 45

Explain why relatives are sought for kidney transplants.

Question 46

Will there soon be a vaccine for the virus causing AIDS? Explain.

Question 47

Why does the body often respond to an infection with a fever?

Question 48

During an infection,B cells divide to form ___________________ that will be ready for the next time the B cells encounter the same microbe.

Question 49

When macrophages send out chemical messages to the brain to warn of microbial invasion,the brain often responds by producing a _______________.

Question 50

A(n)____________________ is a disease in which antibodies attack specific cells of the body.

Question 51

Every cell in the body carries special identification marker proteins called ______________________.

Question 52

The virus that causes AIDS is the _______________ virus.