Deck 11: Nutrition for Your Life, Environment, and World

Question 1

Pathogens

A)cause oxidation of nutrients.
B)are disease-causing microbes.
C)damage DNA.
D)protect cells from free radical destruction.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Before you prepare food or after you use the bathroom,wash your hands with hot soapy water for at least ____ seconds to cleanse them thoroughly.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)90

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following foods is often a source of food-borne pathogens?

A)raw ground turkey
B)golden raisins
C)chocolate cookies
D)frozen peaches

Answer 3

A

Question 4

On her last camping trip,Jenny swallowed some water when she swam in a lake.Two days later,she suddenly experienced severe abdominal pain and watery diarrhea.Based on this information,Jenny probably is infected with

A)Clostridium perfringens.
B)Listeria monocytogenes.
C)Giardia.
D)Anisakis.

Question 5

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?

A)canned applesauce
B)honey
C)oatmeal
D)raw chicken

Question 6

_____ is a type of parasitic worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked pork,bear,or seal meat.

A)Anisakis
B)Cryptosporidium
C)Giardia
D)Trichinella

Question 7

Pathogenic bacteria are likely to multiply rapidly when environmental temperatures are between

A)20 and 120 ºF.
B)40 and 140 ºF.
C)60 and 160 ºF.
D)80 and 180 ºF.

Question 8

Which of the following foods often is a source of a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

A)potato salad
B)ripe bananas
C)canned green beans
D)uncooked brown rice

Question 9

Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic,Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea.When Grace became too weak to walk,her roommate took her to the emergency room of a hospital.Grace required treatment for kidney failure.Based on this information,which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness?

A)
B)Staphylococcus aureus
C)Bacillus cereus
D)Trichinella
E)coli O157:H7

Question 10

Vince enjoys cooking,but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices result in food-borne illness.Which of the following steps can he take to reduce this likelihood?

A)wipe his hands on a paper towel before preparing food
B)thaw frozen foods at room temperature
C)cook foods to proper internal temperatures
D)store raw meat and chicken in the same plastic bag

Question 11

Which of the following agencies is responsible for inspecting restaurants for food-related safety problems?

A)state public health department
B)federal Environmental Protection Agency
C)federal Food and Drug Administration
D)local health department

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

A)In the United States,people rarely suffer from food-borne illnesses.
B)The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for inspecting local restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards.
C)A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.
D)An undercooked hamburger patty is the most likely source of giardia.

Question 13

Julio wants to cook chicken,make a salad,and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates.Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

A)thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
B)wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.
C)marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade.
D)keeps the pie chilled before serving it.

Question 14

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates.Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

A)thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
B)uses a clean knife to cut up the salad vegetables.
C)marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken and uses the marinade to make a dipping sauce for the chicken.
D)keeps the pie chilled before serving it.

Question 15

Franco made dinner for his roommates.The meal included a baked cut-up chicken,fruit salad,and stir-fried rice with mixed vegetables.About 8 hours after eating dinner,Franco and his roommates experienced nausea,vomiting,fever,chills,and diarrhea.Based on this information,Franco probably

A)thawed the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator.
B)allowed the frozen vegetables to thaw before adding them to the rice.
C)did not cook the rice completely,before he added the vegetables to it.
D)did not wash the knife that he used to cut up the chicken before using it to cut up the fruit.

Question 16

Which of the following foods is frequently a source of the toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus?

A)dried apricots
B)egg salad
C)peanut butter and jelly sandwich
D)commercially canned baked beans

Question 17

The toxin produced by _____ can cause blurry vision,muscle weakness,difficulty swallowing and even death.

A)Giardia
B)Salmonella species
C)Clostridium botulinum
D)Trichinella

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Freezing food kills the pathogenic bacteria it contains.
B)After a meal,refrigerate leftovers within 5 hours.
C)Raw ground beef is often a source of
D)Giardia is a tiny worm that lives in raw fish.
E)coli O157:H7.

Question 19

Which of the following U.S.government agencies regulates the proper use of pesticides?

A)Agricultural Research Service
B)Environmental Protection Agency
C)Department of Agriculture
D)Food and Drug Administration

Question 20

_____ is a type of tiny worm that can be transferred to humans who eat raw or undercooked fish.

A)Anisakis
B)Giardia
C)Cryptosporidium
D)Salmonella

Question 21

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

A)ovary
B)uterus
C)placenta
D)endometrium

Question 22

Reyna is a healthy 27-year-old pregnant woman.She is experiencing _____,a common nutrition-related sign of pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women.

A)minor edema of the hands and feet
B)hypertension
C)eclampsia
D)protein in urine

Question 23

Iliana is due to give birth to a girl in March.Before she became pregnant,IIiana weighed 135 pounds,which was in the healthy range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)25 to 35
B)30 to 40
C)35 to 45
D)40 to 50

Question 24

The USDA recommends that a beef steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A)145 ºF.
B)155 ºF.
C)165 ºF.
D)175 ºF.

Question 25

The USDA recommends that fresh turkey be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A)145 ºF.
B)155 ºF.
C)165 ºF.
D)175 ºF.

Question 26

According to the USDA,a whole cooked chicken is safe to serve when its internal temperature reaches

A)115 ºF.
B)125 ºF.
C)145 ºF.
D)165 ºF.

Question 27

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March.Before she became pregnant,Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds,which was in the healthy range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)10 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)25 to 35
D)35 to 45

Question 28

Ashley is due to give birth to a girl in March.Before she became pregnant,Ashley weighed 125 pounds,which was in the healthy range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)10 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)20 to 30
D)25 to 35

Question 29

The USDA recommends that fresh ground meat be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A)130 ºF.
B)140 ºF.
C)150 ºF.
D)160 ºF.

Question 30

The USDA recommends that egg custard be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A)150 ºF.
B)160 ºF.
C)170 ºF.
D)180 ºF.

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The embryo/fetus develops most of its organs during the preconceptual period.
B)The placenta blocks toxic substances from reaching the embryo/fetus.
C)Eight weeks after conception and until its birth,the developing human being is called a fetus.
D)A proper functioning placenta allows the mother's blood to mix with her fetus's blood.

Question 32

Kristan is due to give birth to a boy in September.Before she became pregnant,Kristan weighed 160 pounds,which was in the overweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)15 to 25
B)20 to 30
C)25 to 35
D)30 to 40

Question 33

Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women?

A)mild nausea and vomiting
B)eclampsia
C)gestational hypertension
D)iron-deficiency anemia

Question 34

The USDA recommends that fresh pork be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A)130 ºF.
B)140 ºF.
C)145 ºF.
D)155 ºF.

Question 35

The USDA recommends that a salmon steak be cooked until its internal temperature is at least

A)145 ºF.
B)155 ºF.
C)165 ºF.
D)175 ºF.

Question 36

The placenta

A)filters viruses and toxins from the mother's bloodstream,preventing them from reaching the embryo/fetus.
B)transfers sperm to the egg so fertilization can occur.
C)makes essential micronutrients that the embryo/fetus requires for growth and development.
D)transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.

Question 37

Zoe is due to give birth to a girl in November.Before she became pregnant,Zoe weighed 168 pounds,which was in the overweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)no more than 5
B)10 to 15
C)15 to 25
D)20 to 35

Question 38

Jenna is due to give birth to a girl in February.Before she became pregnant,Jenna weighed 105 pounds,which was in the underweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)18 to 20
B)28 to 40
C)38 to 50
D)48 to 60

Question 39

Elsa is due to give birth to a boy in June.Before she became pregnant,Elsa weighed 195 pounds,which was in the obese BMI range.She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)15
B)20
C)25
D)30

Question 40

Hayley is due to give birth to a girl in November.Before she became pregnant,Hayley weighed 108 pounds,which was in the underweight range for her height.Based on this information,her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)8 to 20
B)18 to 30
C)28 to 40
D)38 to 50

Question 41

Alexis weighs 6.5 pounds at birth.Assuming her development proceeds normally,she should weigh about _____ pounds by her first birthday.

A)13.0
B)19.5
C)26.0
D)32.5

Question 42

Kari is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby.To encourage Kari to breastfeed,you provide some factual information by telling her that

A)breastfeeding can reduce her baby's risk of anemia in childhood.
B)human milk has the same composition as infant formula.
C)breastfeeding can help her lose the body fat she gained during pregnancy.
D)breast milk contains many types of bacteria,including "healthy" microbes,as it leaves the breast.

Question 43

Angie is due to give birth to a boy in June.Before she became pregnant,Angie weighed 215 pounds,which was in the obese BMI range.She should gain no more than ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20

Question 44

During the first few days after giving birth,the new mother's breasts produce

A)prolactin.
B)colostrum.
C)oxytocin.
D)pica.

Question 45

Cammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2000 kcal/day.Based on this information,her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

A)1800
B)2000
C)2200
D)2400

Question 46

During her 7^th month of pregnancy,Sari developed a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension and convulsions.Based on this information,Sari developed

A)echolacia.
B)eclampsia.
C)endocarditis.
D)endometriosis.

Question 47

Michelle is considering whether she should exclusively breastfeed or formula feed her new baby.To encourage Michelle to breastfeed,you provide some factual information by telling her that

A)breastfeeding may reduce her baby's risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.
B)her milk will always be the same composition,regardless of her baby's age.
C)many types of bacteria,some of which are healthy kinds,are in human milk as it leaves the breast.
D)regardless of how often her baby breast feeds,the child will obtain plenty of breast milk.

Question 48

Corrina is a 25-year-old pregnant woman.Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A)folate
B)calcium
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin C

Question 49

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

A)protein.
B)oxytocin.
C)folic acid.
D)fish oil.

Question 50

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system?

A)ATP
B)DHA
C)oleic acid
D)hydroxybutyric acid

Question 51

After Ariel gave birth to a healthy baby boy,the physician immediately placed the baby next to Ariel's breast so the infant could begin breastfeeding.This practice

A)reduces Ariel's risk of bleeding excessively after delivery.
B)increases the baby's heart rate,reducing his risk of infantile hypertension.
C)enables the baby's "let-down" reflex to occur,so his gastrointestinal tract will function normally.
D)suppresses Ariel's metabolic rate,so her body can shift more energy into milk production.

Question 52

Lucinda is a healthy,physically active young woman whose energy requirement is 2750 kcal/day.Based on this information,what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A)2750 kcal
B)2500 kcal
C)2250 kcal
D)2000 kcal

Question 53

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains

A)iron.
B)oxytocin.
C)protein.
D)intrinsic factor.

Question 54

Tammy is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2500 kcal/day.Based on this information,her daily energy requirement would be _____ kcal during her first trimester of pregnancy.

A)1800
B)2000
C)2200
D)2500

Question 55

The hormone oxytocin

A)increases a woman's appetite during pregnancy.
B)reduces the ability of blood to clot during the birth process.
C)enables the "let-down" reflex to occur when a woman breastfeeds her baby.
D)suppresses energy metabolism during pregnancy.

Question 56

_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast.

A)Prolactin
B)Progesterone
C)Oxytocin
D)Estrogen

Question 57

Which of the following conditions is a major cause of death among pregnant women in the United States?

A)pica
B)severe morning sickness
C)eclampsia
D)iron-deficiency anemia

Question 58

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day.Based on this information,what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

A)3050 kcal
B)2600 kcal
C)2250 kcal
D)1800 kcal

Question 59

Some women crave non-food items during pregnancy.This behavior is called

A)edema.
B)eclampsia.
C)pica.
D)preeclampsia.

Question 60

Emma is a 25-year-old pregnant woman.Her need for _____ is 50% higher than before she became pregnant.

A)calcium
B)iron
C)niacin
D)vitamin C

Question 61

Dietitians recommend feeding babies

A)fresh fluid cow's milk by the time they are 6 months of age.
B)fat-free milk when they are 10 to 12 months of age.
C)only breast milk to babies until they are 6 months of age.
D)solid foods by the time an infant is 2 months of age.

Question 62

You can improve your children's eating habits by

A)using food as a reward.
B)replacing sugar-sweetened soft drinks with water.
C)discouraging snacking on peanuts and sunflower seeds.
D)encouraging consumption of a least 9 servings of fruits and vegetables daily.

Question 63

Rose is an obese 3-year-old child._____ is a factor that is highly associated with obesity among preschool children.

A)High birth weight
B)Lower than average water intake
C)High family income
D)Low intelligence

Question 64

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

A)soy-based formulas
B)formulas that contain DHA
C)soft drinks
D)rice cereal

Question 65

Bernard weighs 7.5 pounds at birth.Assuming his development proceeds normally,he should weigh about _____ pounds by his first birthday.

A)18.5
B)20.5
C)22.5
D)24.5

Question 66

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A child's appetite typically increases as his or her growth rate increases.
B)Snacks have no place in a child's diet.
C)Because of the choking hazard,children should not be offered cut-up raw vegetables until they are at least 7 years of age.
D)It is unusual for children to have food jags.

Question 67

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

A)soy-based formulas
B)formulas containing lactose or DHA
C)rice cereal
D)honey

Question 68

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

A)lose the let-down reflex.
B)can sit up with some back support.
C)have most of their primary teeth.
D)can digest proteins.

Question 69

_____ is the gradual process of shifting a baby from breastfeeding or bottle feeding to drinking from a cup and eating solid foods.

A)Cupping
B)Sparing
C)Weaning
D)Transitioning

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Breastfeeding is more economical than formula feeding.
B)Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding.
C)Women who feed their babies formula tend to lose the extra body fat gained during pregnancy faster than women who breastfeed.
D)Women who breastfeed have higher risks of breast cancer before they reach menopause than women who feed their babies formula.

Question 71

Which of the following foods is usually recommended as the first solid food for infants?

A)rice cereal
B)green beans
C)ripe apricots
D)egg whites

Question 72

_____ is a physiological change associated with aging.

A)Increased brain weight
B)Fewer episodes of heartburn
C)Hardening of the arteries
D)Increased blood filtration rate

Question 73

You can improve your children's eating habits by

A)discouraging eating while watching television.
B)encouraging consumption of flavored,full-fat yogurt.
C)discouraging snacking on peanuts and sunflower seeds.
D)encouraging consumption of toasted cheese sandwiches made with Cheddar cheese and white bread.

Question 74

Human milk is a rich source of

A)fluoride.
B)iron.
C)vitamin
D)cholesterol.

Question 75

Which of the following statements is true?

A)By 2 to 4 months of age,most infants can use their fingers to pick up and chew "finger foods."
B)It is safe to use honey to sweeten infant foods.
C)Caregivers should not give popcorn,grapes,and cut-up raw vegetables to infants.
D)Goat's milk mixed with gelatin water is a suitable substitute for breast milk.

Question 76

Human milk is a rich source of

A)iron.
B)arachidonic acid.
C)vitamin
D)fluoride.

Question 77

Infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they

A)lose the extrusion reflex.
B)develop the let-down reflex.
C)have most of their primary teeth.
D)can digest lactose.

Question 78

Rose is an obese 3-year-old child._____ is a factor that is highly associated with obesity among preschool children.

A)Family history of obesity
B)Lower than average water intake
C)High family income
D)Low intelligence

Question 79

Human milk is a rich source of

A)iron.
B)vitamin
C)linoleic acid.
D)fluoride.

Question 80

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

A)soy-based formulas
B)semisolid food in a baby bottle
C)rice cereal
D)formulas containing lactose or DHA