Deck 4: How Food Becomes You

Question 1

Glands that secrete hormones are organs of the _____ system.

A)endocrine
B)cardiovascular
C)lymphatic
D)integumentary

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is

A)production of red blood cells.
B)circulation of blood throughout the body.
C)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
D)protection against infections and immunity.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A primary function of the digestive system is the

A)production of red blood cells.
B)transmission of nervous impulses.
C)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
D)breakdown of food into nutrients.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

When she sampled a spoonful of hot soup,Bekha burnt the tip of her tongue.During the 24 hours that followed the injury,Bekha had difficulty detecting foods that tasted

A)cold.
B)sweet.
C)sour.
D)meaty.

Question 5

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells.Based on this information,Devon probably

A)bruises easily.
B)has difficulty swallowing.
C)forms smaller than normal blood cells.
D)experiences constipation frequently.

Question 6

The brain and spinal cord are structures of the ____ system.

A)integumentary
B)cardiovascular
C)nervous
D)endocrine

Question 7

A (An)_____ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

A)organ
B)cell
C)organism
D)membranes

Question 8

The process of digesting food begins in the

A)colon.
B)liver.
C)mouth.
D)esophagus.

Question 9

Chewing food is an example of

A)anabolic metabolism.
B)active absorption.
C)mechanical digestion.
D)probiotic activity.

Question 10

The primary function of the respiratory system is the

A)production of red blood cells.
B)transmission of nervous impulses.
C)destruction of toxic metabolic by-products.
D)exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract.Based on this information,Eva probably

A)bruises easily.
B)has numerous stomach ulcers.
C)forms smaller than normal blood cells.
D)experiences stiff and painful joints.

Question 12

The accessory organ of the digestive system that produces bile is the

A)colon
B)jejunum
C)liver
D)epiglottis

Question 13

The stomach

A)churns food,mixing it with gastric juice.
B)absorbs most vitamins and minerals.
C)produces sulfuric acid,which helps digest starch.
D)secretes enzymes,including bile and various amylases.

Question 14

The _____ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

A)colon
B)jejunum
C)liver
D)epiglottis

Question 15

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

A)Anatomy
B)Chyme
C)Metabolism
D)Homeostasis

Question 16

The _____ is an accessory organ that stores bile.

A)appendix
B)jejunum
C)liver
D)gallbladder

Question 17

The ____ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

A)cell
B)atom
C)mitochondrion
D)organelle

Question 18

Rose has a disease that weakened her esophagus.As a result of this condition,Rose probably

A)has difficulty eliminating feces during bowel movements.
B)digests foods too quickly.
C)has difficulty swallowing food.
D)must eat raw foods.

Question 19

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A)liver
B)colon
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder

Question 20

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the _____ system.

A)urinary
B)cardiovascular
C)endocrine
D)integumentary

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste.
B)A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach.
C)Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.
D)The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine.

Question 22

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

A)bile
B)hydrochloric acid
C)chyme
D)lymphatic fluid

Question 23

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

A)special cells lining the hepatic portal vein.
B)lacteals within the villi.
C)the gastroesophageal sphincter.
D)chyme.

Question 24

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.
B)The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine.
C)The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.
D)Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than fat people.

Question 25

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

A)liver
B)gallbladder
C)pancreas
D)colon

Question 26

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked.Based on this information,his

A)ability to digest proteins is reduced.
B)intestinal tract does not absorb much fat.
C)lumen does not allow chyme to enter the small intestine.
D)hepatic portal vein can rupture.

Question 27

After being absorbed,most lipids become incorporated into

A)the lumen.
B)lacteals.
C)chylomicrons.
D)the hepatic portal vein.

Question 28

Salivary glands secrete an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth.

A)alcohol
B)starch
C)water
D)protein

Question 29

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea?

A)tongue
B)teeth
C)lower gastroesophageal sphincter
D)epiglottis

Question 30

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____,tiny,finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

A)villi
B)arteries
C)neurons
D)lacteals

Question 31

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi.Based on this information,you would expect Marcus to _____ while he has this illness.

A)absorb vitamins more rapidly
B)digest proteins more efficiently
C)lose weight rapidly
D)gain body fat

Question 32

Chyme moves from the stomach into the

A)ileum.
B)colon.
C)duodenum.
D)jejunum.

Question 33

The _____ is the second segment of the small intestine.

A)ileum
B)colon
C)jejunum
D)duodenum
Learning Outcome: 4.02.01 Define all of the key terms in this module.
Learning Outcome: 4.02.04 Discuss the overall process of digestion and absorption.
Module: 4.02 Digestive System

Question 34

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

A)bile
B)gastric juice
C)chyme
D)sulfuric acid

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.
B)A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.
C)Hydrochloric acid (HCl)begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine.
D)The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal.

Question 36

Mitchell has an infection that caused his epiglottis to function improperly.Based on this information,you would expect Mitchell to _____,while he has this illness.

A)absorb vitamins more rapidly
B)digest proteins more efficiently
C)choke often
D)gain weight

Question 37

Chyme is the

A)material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete.
B)large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream.
C)semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.
D)organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells.

Question 38

Last night,Sara ate French fries,fried fish,and creamy cole slaw.For dessert,she had a chocolate milk shake.About an hour after eating this food,she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain.Based on this information,Sara probably has

A)colitis.
B)aneurysms.
C)constipation.
D)gallstones.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is true?

A)There are 7 different kinds of tastes: sour,salty,bitter,sweet,umami,oily,and juicy.
B)Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.
C)The tip of your tongue is more sensitive to detecting bitter-tasting foods.
D)Your sense of taste functions better when you are unable to smell a food.

Question 40

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called

A)segmentation.
B)umami.
C)reflux.
D)peristalsis.

Question 41

Quinn developed mild diarrhea.Which of the following treatments should he use to relieve his loose stools?

A)loperamide
B)aspirin
C)ginger
D)vitamin C

Question 42

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome often includes making dietary changes and

A)lying down after meals.
B)taking antidepressant medication.
C)having the lower third of the colon removed.
D)reducing physical activity.

Question 43

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome usually includes making dietary changes and

A)learning ways to manage stress effectively.
B)moving to a drier climate.
C)having the lower third of the colon removed.
D)reducing physical activity.

Question 44

Carter has had ulcerative colitis for 10 years.Based on this information,he has a higher than average risk of developing

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)colon cancer.
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
D)gallstones.

Question 45

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily.Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight,she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes.Based on this information,Jillian has a high risk of developing

A)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
B)chronic constipation.
C)ulcerative colitis.
D)irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 46

Jerome has a higher than average risk of developing colorectal cancer because he

A)has irritable bowel syndrome.
B)has polyps in his rectum.
C)is between 25 and 50 years of age.
D)is from Central America.

Question 47

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

A)lower stomach
B)esophageal sphincter
C)large intestine
D)pyloric valve

Question 48

After attending a summertime picnic,24-year-old Samantha developed severe diarrhea.Which of the following treatments should she use to treat her condition?

A)take over-the-counter loperamide
B)consume watery fluids that contain sodium,potassium,and simple sugars
C)give herself coffee enemas every 3 hours to cleanse her colon
D)take 1,000 mg vitamin C and at least 60 mg iron daily,until the diarrhea subsides

Question 49

Amanda is a three-year-old who has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas.Based on this information,she

A)has difficulty digesting food.
B)is heavier than average for her height.
C)is taller than most children who are her age.
D)absorbs excessive amounts of vitamins.

Question 50

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week.Based on this information,Paisley should

A)not worry,because she is not constipated.
B)take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily.
C)increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation.
D)avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation.

Question 51

Antonio has severe heartburn.To reduce his risk of having frequent heartburn and developing esophageal cancer,his physician recommended that he

A)raise the foot of his bed by 3 inches,so his head is lower than his feet,when he lies down.
B)eat more meals that include foods made with tomato-based sauces.
C)avoid drinking coffee,smoking cigarettes,and overeating during meals.
D)take a multivitamin/multimineral pill that supplies at least 300 mg vitamin C before meals.

Question 52

Sophia is concerned about her health,because her father died from colorectal cancer when he was only 50 years of age.In addition to discussing her medical history and concerns with her physician and being tested for colorectal cancer,Sophia should see her doctor if she notices

A)mucus in her stools.
B)weight loss without trying to lose weight.
C)occasional heartburn.
D)bowel movements that occur 3 times a week.

Question 53

During the past two months,Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea,and she's noticed blood in her feces.Additionally,she's lost about 10 pounds.Based on this information,Theresa should be tested for

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)gallstones.
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
D)ulcerative colitis.

Question 54

Marta is concerned that she may have colorectal cancer because she has

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)stools that are narrower than usual.
C)chronic heartburn.
D)increased appetite.

Question 55

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep.Based on this information,he is likely to develop

A)chronic constipation.
B)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C)ulcerative colitis.
D)irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 56

Carter has had ulcerative colitis for 10 years.Based on this information,he has a higher than average risk of developing ____ than a person who does not have ulcerative colitis.

A)irritable bowel syndrome
B)colon cancer
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease
D)gallstones

Question 57

The _____ is the third segment of the small intestine.

A)colon
B)ileum
C)jejunum
D)duodenum

Question 58

Tyler smokes cigarettes,drinks excess alcohol,and takes aspirins regularly to treat headaches and arthritis.Based on this information,Tyler has a high risk of developing

A)pancreatic failure.
B)peptic ulcers.
C)irritable bowel syndrome.
D)chronic constipation.

Question 59

Coretta has chronic heartburn.To reduce her risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),her physician recommended that she

A)lie down after meals.
B)snack on peppermint candy in between meals.
C)eat dark chocolate for dessert.
D)lose excess body fat.

Question 60

Carter has had ulcerative colitis for 10 years.Based on this information,he has a higher than average risk of developing

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)colon cancer.
C)gastroesophageal reflux disease.
D)gallstones.

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Regular colon cleansing is essential for the healthy functioning of the digestive tract.
B)Feces consists primarily of undigested sugars.
C)Humans are omnivores.
D)Most nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine.

Question 62

Bella is an omnivore,because she can

A)digest and absorb nutrients from a wide variety of sources.
B)obtain energy directly from the sun.
C)eat a high-fiber diet without experiencing a blocked colon.
D)only eat plant foods.

Question 63

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing.Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly.Based on this information,Dorothy probably has a (an)

A)excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract.
B)overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach.
C)blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum.
D)condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

Question 64

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?

A)skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue
B)brain cells forming chemicals that transmit information between the cells
C)white blood cells making proteins that protect against harmful viruses
D)muscle cells breaking down glucose to release heat

Question 65

ATP is

A)an energy-capturing molecule.
B)a digestive enzyme released by the pancreas.
C)a hormone that increase protein deposits in muscle tissue.
D)an antioxidant that's used to preserve refined cereals.

Question 66

What is the primary source of energy ("energy currency")for your cells?

A)protein
B)ATP
C)fatty acids
D)sunlight

Question 67

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of catabolism?

A)bones cells using protein and calcium to build new bone tissue
B)nerves cells forming chemicals that transmit information between the cells
C)immune cells making proteins that protect against infectious agents
D)enzymes breaking down glucose to release energy

Question 68

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

A)skin cells using protein to replace burned skin tissue
B)brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells
C)white blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy
D)muscle cells breaking down fat to release heat

Question 69

To produce the maximum amount of energy from the breakdown of macronutrients,cells require

A)amino acids
B)oxygen
C)carbon dioxide
D)sunlight

Question 70

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Your cells require sunlight to produce optimal amounts of ATP.
B)When oxygen is not available,your cells rely on anaerobic metabolic pathways to make ATP.
C)As a result of aerobic metabolic pathways,your cells release oxygen and carbon monoxide.
D)Your cells make more ATP under anaerobic than aerobic conditions.

Question 71

Which of the following cellular activities is an example of anabolism?

A)bone cells using protein,calcium,and phosphorus to repair a bone fracture
B)brain cells destroying chemicals that transmit information between the cells
C)white blood cells metabolizing glucose for energy
D)muscle cells breaking down fat to release heat