Deck 8: Vitamins

Question 1

Which of the following statements is true?

A)The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.
B)Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram.
C)Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body.
D)The body stores vitamins in the liver,spleen,and bones.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Vitamins B-12 and B-6
B)Pantothenic acid and vitamin A
C)Niacin and thiamin
D)Vitamins D and E

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The body can store large amounts of

A)riboflavin.
B)vitamin
C)vitamin B-12.
D)thiamin.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer.He should

A)reduce his coffee intake.
B)drink less water.
C)reduce his fiber intake.
D)avoid drinking alcohol.

Question 5

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
B)Vitamins K,E,and D
C)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
D)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E

Question 6

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.
B)Scientists think all vitamins have been discovered.
C)The first vitamin was discovered in 1960.
D)Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans.

Question 7

A medical researcher has isolated a chemical from cigarette smoke.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical damages unsaturated fatty acids in the cells' plasma membranes.He is able to prevent this damage by adding vitamin E to the mixture of the chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has

A)conducted an in-vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions.
B)identified vitamin E as a prooxidant.
C)determined that the chemical in cigarette smoke is an oxidant.
D)discovered a vitamin-based cure for lung cancer.

Question 8

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)In general,excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
B)The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins.
C)In general,water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins.
D)The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.

Question 9

A medical researcher is investigating the chemical and physical properties of substance that she isolated from the surface of charcoal-grilled meat.When the scientist mixes a small amount of the substance with living human cells,the chemical causes the rapid breakdown of the cells' plasma membranes.She is able to prevent this reaction by adding vitamin C to the mixture of the substance chemical and cells.Based on this information,the scientist has

A)isolated a potential treatment for cancer in charcoal-grilled meat.
B)discovered that vitamin C is has pro-oxidant activity in-vivo experiments.
C)conducted an in-vitro experiment under poorly controlled conditions.
D)determined that the chemical isolated from charcoal-grilled meat is an oxidant.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?

A)Excesses can be converted to glucose for energy.
B)They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat.
C)Compared to protein,the body requires vitamins in larger quantities.
D)Chemically,they are the same as minerals.

Question 11

Which of the following organs is the leading site for cancer deaths among American men and women?

A)liver
B)lung
C)prostate
D)breast

Question 12

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Thiamin,vitamin K,and niacin
B)Vitamin D,A,and E
C)Vitamin A,riboflavin,and vitamin C
D)Pantothenic acid,vitamin C,and thiamin

Question 13

An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.

A)ion
B)oncogene
C)enzyme
D)antioxidant

Question 14

______ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells.

A)Antidotes
B)Antioxidants
C)Oxidizing agents
D)Phosphates

Question 15

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

A)Pantothenic acid,vitamin E,and choline
B)Vitamins K,D,and A
C)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
D)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin

Question 16

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity?

A)E
B)B-6
C)K
D)D

Question 17

____ cancer causes the most cancer-related deaths among American men and women.

A)Liver
B)Lung
C)Pancreatic
D)Bladder

Question 18

A researcher has isolated an organic,water-soluble chemical from roses.After performing in-vivo tests,the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells,but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors.Based on this information,the researcher may have discovered a (an)

A)antioxidant.
B)amino acid.
C)precursor.
D)autoanalyzing agent.

Question 19

_____ are water-soluble vitamins.

A)Niacin,riboflavin,and thiamin
B)Vitamins B-12,B-6,and E
C)Pantothenic acid,vitamin A,and choline
D)Vitamins K,D,and E

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Vitamins are classified as being soluble in either alcohol or fat.
B)Biotin is a vitamin-like substance for humans.
C)People can survive for years by consuming formulas that contain all known vitamins.
D)Scientists are conducting research on plants to discover more vitamins that are essential for human beings.

Question 21

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin D
B)Riboflavin
C)Vitamin B-6
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 22

Which of the following foods provides the most beta-carotene per serving?

A)Peach
B)Chicken
C)Pear
D)Celery

Question 23

A deficiency of vitamin _____ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

A)K
B)A
C)B-6
D)B-12

Question 24

Which of the following foods is the best source of preformed vitamin A?

A)Apples
B)Soybeans
C)Carrots
D)Liver

Question 25

Adding a small amount of _____ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain.

A)wine
B)butter
C)water
D)sugar

Question 26

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin B-6
B)Choline
C)Vitamin D
D)Thiamin

Question 27

Which of the following foods is a good dietary source of beta-carotene?

A)Bread
B)Broccoli
C)Salmon
D)Hamburger

Question 28

_____ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body.

A)Retinol
B)Alpha-tocopherol
C)Beta-carotene
D)Lutein

Question 29

In the body,vitamin A helps

A)the small intestine absorb calcium and phosphorus.
B)maintain epithelial cells.
C)insulin enter cells.
D)reduce collagen synthesis.

Question 30

Which of the following substances is a provitamin or a precursor for a vitamin?

A)beta-carotene
B)lecithin
C)alpha-tocopherol
D)acetyl-CoA

Question 31

The human body can absorb some _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)biotin
B)vitamin C
C)riboflavin
D)beta-carotene

Question 32

Damon has a chronic illness,and to treat the condition,he takes an antibiotic every day.Despite his illness,Damon's diet is nutritionally adequate,and he exercises regularly.Based on this information,Damon may need to

A)consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids.
B)take a dietary supplement that contains vitamin K.
C)eat more vitamin-C rich foods.
D)reduce his protein intake.

Question 33

The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

A)vitamin A
B)thiamin
C)riboflavin
D)vitamin K

Question 34

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

A)stir-fry instead of boil.
B)store in warm conditions,and expose to sunlight and air.
C)cook slowly in large amounts of water.
D)peel vegetables and cut into small pieces before cooking in water.

Question 35

_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

A)Vitamin D
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin B-6
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 36

Sonya has a chronic illness,and to treat the condition,she takes an antibiotic every day.Despite her illness,Sonya's diet is nutritionally adequate,and she exercises regularly.Based on this information,Sonya may need to

A)take a dietary supplement that contains biotin.
B)eat more vitamin-C rich foods.
C)reduce her protein intake.
D)consume fewer foods that contain omega-3 fatty acids.

Question 37

An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is

A)headaches.
B)night blindness.
C)hair loss.
D)swollen tongue.

Question 38

When cooking green beans,Lenny likes to add baking soda to the cooking water,because it keeps the beans from turning olive green.As a result of this practice,Lenny's green beans have _____ than green beans cooked in plain water.

A)more essential amino acids
B)fewer kilocalories
C)greater fatty acid content
D)less vitamin C

Question 39

Which of the following vitamins is not added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process?

A)Folic acid
B)Niacin
C)Thiamin
D)Vitamin B-6

Question 40

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

A)Stir-frying in a small amount of oil
B)Boiling in a saucepan of water
C)Steaming in a vegetable steamer
D)Microwaving in little or no water

Question 41

Vitamin D helps the body absorb

A)sodium and potassium.
B)magnesium and iodine.
C)phosphorus and calcium.
D)iron and copper.

Question 42

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Citrus fruit
B)Green leafy vegetables
C)Enriched breads
D)Processed poultry products

Question 43

In the United States,newborns receive an injection of _____ to prevent _____.

A)vitamin K; bleeding
B)vitamin C; collagen breakdown
C)thiamin; beriberi
D)niacin; pellagra

Question 44

Vitamin _____ protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from being damaged by free radicals.

A)K
B)E
C)B-12
D)D

Question 45

Issac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry.He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors.He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance.His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread,peanut butter,chicken,pork,apples,bananas,and green vegetables.Based on this information,Issac has a high risk of

A)pellagra.
B)beriberi.
C)scurvy.
D)rickets.

Question 46

Which of the following vitamins is a teratogen,when consumed in excess?

A)Choline
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin A
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 47

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty.She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils.Her usual diet is comprised of legumes,small amounts of yogurt,whole-grain breads and rice,fruits,and a few vegetables.Based on this information,Jameela is most at risk of

A)osteomalacia.
B)scurvy.
C)beriberi.
D)pellagra.

Question 48

Which of the following foods are reliable dietary sources of vitamin D?

A)Fortified dairy products
B)Enriched breads and cereals
C)Fresh fruits
D)Processed luncheon meats

Question 49

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

A)D
B)C
C)B-12
D)Thiamin

Question 50

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Technically,vitamin E is not a vitamin because the body can make the nutrient.
B)Premature infants are at risk of vitamin E deficiency.
C)Megadoses of vitamin E are associated with bone pain,general weakness,and death.
D)According to scientific research,75% of Americans consume diets that supply excessive amounts of vitamin

Question 51

The human body needs vitamin K to

A)release the energy stored in glucose.
B)synthesize DNA.
C)absorb phosphorus from foods.
D)form active blood clotting factors.

Question 52

The liver needs vitamin K to

A)store glycogen.
B)process calcium.
C)synthesize prothrombin.
D)metabolize alcohol.

Question 53

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Skin can form prohormone vitamin D after being exposed to sunlight.
B)Vitamin D is necessary for proper collagen formation.
C)Pellagra is the vitamin D deficiency disorder in adults.
D)Excessive intakes of vitamin D cause rickets in children.

Question 54

Which of the following hormones acts to increase calcium absorption and decrease urinary calcium excretion?

A)Parathyroid hormone
B)Insulin
C)Glucagon
D)Antidiuretic hormone

Question 55

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E?

A)Ground beef
B)Safflower oil
C)Sunflower seeds
D)Whole grains

Question 56

On sunny days,Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors,because he knows sunlight helps his body make

A)glucose.
B)choline.
C)vitamin
D)copper.

Question 57

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

A)Fatty fish and fish oils
B)Whole-grain breads and cereals
C)Dark orange and yellow vegetables
D)Fresh fruit

Question 58

In underdeveloped countries,severe vitamin A deficiency is a major cause of

A)blindness.
B)diabetes mellitus.
C)beriberi.
D)megaloblastic anemia.

Question 59

Excessive vitamin D intakes can result in

A)increased blood clot formation.
B)megaloblastic anemia.
C)No particular health problems,because the vitamin is rapidly excreted in urine.
D)deposition of calcium in soft tissues.

Question 60

Which of the following vitamins acts as a hormone in the human body?

A)C
B)Riboflavin
C)D
D)Niacin

Question 61

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are among the best sources of riboflavin?

A)Fruit
B)Grains
C)Oils
D)Vegetables

Question 62

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Vitamin B-12
B)Pantothenic acid
C)Niacin
D)Thiamin

Question 63

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin?

A)Whole milk
B)Pork chops
C)Enriched bread
D)Wheat germ

Question 64

Libby wants to have a birthday party for her 5-year old daughter and several of the child's friends.She plans to serve cake,ice cream,and milk to the children in the backyard on a warm sunny afternoon.To conserve vitamins in the milk,Libby should

A)serve the milk in a clear glass container.
B)store the milk in the refrigerator until serving time.
C)heat the milk to the boiling point,and let it cool before serving it.
D)add a teaspoon of baking soda and chocolate syrup to it.

Question 65

B vitamins function as

A)parts of coenzymes.
B)neurotransmitters.
C)hormones.
D)structural components of body cells.

Question 66

Felicity's LDL cholesterol level is too high.To lower her cholesterol level,she took large doses of a certain vitamin supplement,but she experienced severe facial flushing and liver damage as a result.Based on this information,which vitamin did she take?

A)Vitamin C
B)Riboflavin
C)B-12
D)Niacin

Question 67

Ron's diet lacks niacin.He hasn't developed pellagra,because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of _____,the precursor for niacin.

A)alanine
B)tryptophan
C)beta-carotene
D)alpha-tocopherol

Question 68

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A)heartburn.
B)night blindness.
C)dermatitis.
D)weak bones.

Question 69

Humans need vitamin B-6 for

A)magnesium absorption.
B)vitamin C synthesis.
C)carbohydrate excretion.
D)amino acid metabolism.

Question 70

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

A)Oils
B)Fruits
C)Vegetables
D)Dairy

Question 71

The liver needs _____ to make certain blood clotting factors.

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin K
C)homocysteine
D)riboflavin

Question 72

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Enriched breads
B)Processed poultry products
C)Citrus fruit
D)Spinach

Question 73

Of the following foods,which is the richest source of riboflavin?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Corn oil margarine
C)Tomatoes
D)Red delicious apples

Question 74

Which of the following vitamins is part of a coenzyme that participates in energy metabolism?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin K
C)Pantothenic acid
D)Ascorbic acid

Question 75

Which of the following vitamins does not play a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Thiamin
B)Niacin
C)Folate
D)Pantothenic acid

Question 76

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K?

A)Ground beef
B)Soybean oil
C)Citrus fruit
D)Enriched breads

Question 77

Which of the following foods is a good source of thiamin?

A)Cheddar cheese
B)Enriched bread
C)Corn oil
D)Milk

Question 78

The classic signs and symptoms of pellagra include

A)dry cough.
B)diarrhea.
C)edema.
D)night blindness.

Question 79

Exposing milk to light can reduce its _____ content.

A)riboflavin
B)niacin
C)thiamin
D)vitamin D

Question 80

Which of the following vitamins plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

A)Riboflavin
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin K
D)Vitamin A