Deck 5: Carbohydrates

Question 1

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy,they may store some of the excess as

A)fiber.
B)glycogen.
C)ketone bodies.
D)certain B vitamins.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Katie is pregnant.She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level.Based on this information,Katie is likely to

A)give birth to a baby that has birth defects.
B)have a lower risk of gestational hypertension.
C)require more vitamin D,calcium,and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes.
D)require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Body temperature that is over 101 ^$\circ$ F
B)Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl
C)Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl
D)Waist circumference that is 32 inches

Answer 3

Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Question 4

Abe wants to use canned or frozen peaches to make a dessert.While shopping for the fruit,how can he determine which kind has the least sugar per serving?

A)By comparing sugar content information that is listed in the Nutrition Facts panels.
B)By checking the labels for health claims.
C)By subtracting amounts of fiber in the two kinds of fruit from their total carbohydrate contents.
D)By reading the ingredients' lists on the labels.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

A)When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy,they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy.
B)People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes.
C)Foods that are high in simple sugars are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein.
D)High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults,because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.

Question 6

According to Shawn's physician,Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches,his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg,and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

A)diverticulitis
B)metabolic syndrome
C)cystic fibrosis
D)constipation

Question 7

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal
B)Stomach ulcers that bleed
C)Waist circumference that measures 33 inches
D)Body temperature that is over 101 ^$\circ$ F

Question 8

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia.What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

A)Give himself insulin injections after meals
B)Reduce his intake of refined sugars
C)Eat one large meal per day,in the morning,if possible.
D)Take a dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins

Question 9

This morning,Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes.Based on this information,her fasting blood glucose level was _____ mg/dl.

A)95
B)120
C)158
D)67

Question 10

When cells have more glucose than they need energy,they may convert some of the excess into

A)fiber.
B)certain B vitamins.
C)fat.
D)ketone bodies.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about food labels is true?

A)The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars.
B)Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel.
C)The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.
D)Information about the grams of sugar in a serving of food is displayed on a food label.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about food labels is true?

A)The Nutrition Facts panel includes information about a food's glycogen content.
B)The Nutrition Facts panel provides information about total carbohydrates in a serving of food.
C)The list of ingredients on food packages does not have to include added sugars.
D)Information about the fiber contents of a food are not provided in the Nutrition Facts panel.

Question 13

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need,the excess can be

A)eliminated in feces.
B)converted into fat and stored.
C)converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.
D)metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys.

Question 14

To reduce her intake of added sugars,Isabelle should

A)consume more refined sources of carbohydrates.
B)increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.
C)replace regular soft drinks with plain water.
D)consume energy drinks instead of coffee.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true?

A)High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.
B)People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes.
C)Foods that are high in simple carbohydrates are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein.
D)Consuming more protein than you need can result in an increase in your body fat.

Question 16

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Waist circumference of 43 inches
B)Frequent urination
C)Unexpected weight loss
D)Body temperature that is over 101 ^$\circ$ F

Question 17

Joshua has type 2 diabetes,and he does not control his blood glucose levels.As a result of his lack of control,which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

A)blindness
B)irritable bowel syndrome
C)cystic fibrosis
D)lactose intolerance

Question 18

Betty has type 2 diabetes,and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl.Based on this information,Betty has a high risk of

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)kidney failure.
C)irritable bowel syndrome.
D)lactose intolerance

Question 19

Franklin wants to limit his added sugar intake.He should

A)replace energy drinks with unsweetened tea.
B)consume more refined sources of carbohydrates.
C)decrease his intake of polysaccharides.
D)increase his intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup.

Question 20

Five-year-old Tailia develops abdominal cramps and diarrhea a few hours after she eats sugary foods.Based on this information,Tailia probably has

A)sucrase deficiency.
B)diabetes.
C)lactose intolerance.
D)hypoglycemia.

Question 21

Which of the following substances is a simple sugar?

A)Lignin
B)Fructose
C)Starch
D)Glycogen

Question 22

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans?

A)Lactose
B)Mannose
C)Xylose
D)Fructose

Question 23

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)carbon dioxide
B)high-fructose corn syrup
C)starch
D)glucose

Question 24

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

A)maltose,ribose,and galactose.
B)fructose,lactose,and hexose monophosphate.
C)glucose,galactose,and mannose.
D)galactose,glucose,and fructose.

Question 25

Nervous system cells rely on primary_____ for energy.

A)Glucose
B)Fructose
C)Lactose
D)Fiber

Question 26

The common name for glucose is _____ sugar.

A)milk
B)fruit
C)simple
D)blood

Question 27

_____ is the primary fuel for active muscles.

A)Sucrose
B)Glucose
C)Lactose
D)Fructose

Question 28

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugars in American diets?

A)Fruit juices
B)Energy drinks
C)Candies
D)Frosted doughnuts,cakes,and pastries

Question 29

_____ is a source of sucrose.

A)Sugar cane
B)Beef liver
C)Fat-free milk
D)Egg white

Question 30

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat,but it is very low in carbohydrate.As a result of following this diet,Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal.

A)vitamin C
B)glycogen stores
C)muscle fibers
D)ketone bodies

Question 31

Ian sweetens his hot oatmeal with a teaspoon of brown sugar.The chemical name for this type of sugar is

A)sucrose.
B)lactose.
C)maltose.
D)galactose.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose.
B)High-glucose corn syrup is commonly used to sweeten foods,such as regular soft drinks.
C)Sucrose consists of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.
D)Most animal foods are good sources of carbohydrate.

Question 33

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son.He should

A)give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.
B)encourage the child to consume more energy drinks.
C)serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates.
D)replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks.

Question 34

Bethany consumes a very-low-carbohydrate diet that supplies less than 100 g of carbohydrate daily,but she eats high amounts of meat and fat.As a result of her diet,Bethany's cells form more _____ than normal.

A)soluble fibers
B)glycogen stores
C)ketone bodies
D)muscle cells

Question 35

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

A)Lignin
B)Glycogen
C)Starch
D)Glucose

Question 36

Which of the following substances is the primary fuel for muscles and other cells?

A)Fructose
B)Glucose
C)Fiber
D)Lactose

Question 37

Which of the following foods or beverages is the main source of added sugars in American diets?

A)Sugar-sweetened soft drinks
B)Fruit juices
C)Frosted doughnuts,cakes,and pastries
D)Candies

Question 38

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugars in American diets?

A)Fruit juices
B)Regular soft drinks
C)Pastries
D)Jams and jellies

Question 39

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's cells form more _____ than normal.

A)connective tissue
B)glycogen
C)ketone bodies
D)antioxidants

Question 40

Which of the following substances is a polysaccharide?

A)High-fructose corn syrup
B)Soluble fiber
C)Glucose
D)Lactose

Question 41

Jacob has a rare condition,an inborn error of metabolism,that prevents his body from storing glucose as glycogen.Every four hours,day and night,Jacob has to consume a solution that provides a source of glucose,which is slowly digested and absorbed by the intestinal tract.Which of the following foods should Jacob mix with water to form his life-saving solution?

A)Aspartame
B)Saccharin
C)Corn starch
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 42

Hillary would like to add more soluble fiber to her diet.Which of the following foods should she add?

A)White bread
B)Citrus fruits
C)Margarine
D)Red meats

Question 43

_____ is the disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecules.

A)Hexose
B)Maltose
C)Galactose
D)Sucrose

Question 44

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high.He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level.Based on this information,which of the following foods should he add?

A)Liver
B)Beans
C)Steak
D)Butter

Question 45

Leah's parents are afraid the five-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar.Based on this information,Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with

A)honey.
B)high-fructose corn syrup.
C)xylitol.
D)sucrose.

Question 46

Which of the following carbohydrates is in plain,fat-free milk?

A)Starch
B)Sucrose
C)Glycogen
D)Lactose

Question 47

Steve has pancreatic cancer.As a result of the disease,Steve has a high risk of

A)diabetes mellitus.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)metabolic syndrome.
D)diverticular disease.

Question 48

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk.According to the label,the flavored milk contains 2% milk,water,high-fructose corn syrup,evaporated cane juice,saccharin,and natural vanilla flavoring.The _____ in this beverage are its sources of carbohydrate.

A)evaporated cane juice,2% milk,and high-fructose corn syrup
B)high-fructose corn syrup,water,and evaporated cane juice
C)high-fructose corn syrup and evaporated cane juice
D)2% milk,saccharin,and natural vanilla flavoring

Question 49

Lactose is the disaccharide in

A)liver.
B)milk.
C)grapes.
D)sugar.

Question 50

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon.Which of the following sweeteners would she use?

A)Table sugar
B)Granulated cane juice
C)Sucralose
D)Mannitol

Question 51

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch?

A)Peaches,safflower oil,and peanuts
B)Eggs,fat-free milk,and corn oil
C)Corn,potatoes,and rice
D)Liver,apples,and cheese

Question 52

Which of the following foods is a rich source of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)?

A)White bread
B)Luncheon meats
C)Fresh strawberries
D)Regular soft drink

Question 53

A food scientist is developing a infant formula that simulates the composition of breast milk.Based on this information,which of the following substances would he add to the formula's recipe?

A)Sucrose
B)Mannose
C)Lactose
D)Xylitol

Question 54

Alicia has PKU.She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g.Based on this information,which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

A)Xylitol
B)Granulated cane juice
C)Aspartame
D)Sucralose

Question 55

The starch in oatmeal and wheat is composed of _____ molecules.

A)lactose
B)glucose
C)fructose
D)mannose

Question 56

_____ is the disaccharide comprised of one glucose and one galactose molecule.

A)Maltose
B)Lactose
C)Sucrose
D)Hexose

Question 57

Glycogen is composed of _____ molecules.

A)ribose
B)fructose
C)insulin
D)glucose

Question 58

Which of the following foods provides the most carbohydrates per 4-ounce serving?

A)Fat-free milk
B)Canned tuna
C)Ham slice
D)Baked chicken

Question 59

Glycogen is

A)a simple sugar in grapes and honey.
B)the form of carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue.
C)a polysaccharide made by plants.
D)the form of fat stored in fat cells.

Question 60

Which of the following foods is a rich source of fiber?

A)Beef steak
B)Brown rice
C)Roast turkey
D)Grilled salmon

Question 61

Which of the following statements is true?

A)A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation.
B)The pancreas secretes glucagon,a hormone that signals your cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream.
C)The human body stores carbohydrate as glucose.
D)Maltose is the complex carbohydrate in potatoes,rice,and beans.

Question 62

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

A)Egg yolk
B)Raw shrimp
C)Fresh chicken
D)White rice

Question 63

Bryan has type 2 diabetes.Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this chronic disease?

A)Chest pains
B)Chills
C)Frequent urination
D)Fever

Question 64

Chelsea is concerned that her 2-year-old daughter may have type 1 diabetes.Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

A)Having a fasting blood glucose level of 80 mg/dl
B)Having fruity-smelling breath
C)Urinating less frequently than normal
D)Gaining an unexpected amount of weight

Question 65

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Most forms of fiber are easily digested in the human small intestine.
B)People may increase their risk of type 2 diabetes by eating more fiber-rich foods.
C)The typical American consumes recommended amounts of fiber.
D)Fruits and vegetables are sources of fiber.

Question 66

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

A)Sucralose
B)Stevia
C)Sucrose
D)Saccharin

Question 67

According to Cleo's physician,her blood cholesterol level is too high.Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol?

A)Fiber-fortified ready-to-eat cereal
B)Lean beef
C)American processed cheese food
D)Fat-free chocolate milk

Question 68

Caden develops intestinal cramps and gas after he drinks more than a half cup of milk.He can eat yogurt and cheese without any discomfort.Based on this information,Caden probably has

A)diverticulosis.
B)milk allergy.
C)hemorrhoids.
D)lactose intolerance.

Question 69

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.
B)Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.
C)Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough,overcooked meat.
D)Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Question 70

Pancreatic amylase

A)contributes to cystic fibrosis.
B)digests starch in the small intestine.
C)converts glucose to energy in cells.
D)is secreted by the gallbladder.

Question 71

Phil is a healthy college student.When he wakes up in the morning,he can't wait to eat breakfast.While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages,his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

A)aldosterone
B)glucagon
C)insulin
D)thyroxin

Question 72

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes.Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

A)Gaining an unexpected amount of weight
B)Having a fasting blood glucose level of 90 mg/dl
C)Losing weight despite increased food intake
D)Urinating less frequently than usual

Question 73

The starch in rice and potatoes is composed of _____ molecules.

A)fructose
B)glucose
C)glycogen
D)polysaccharide

Question 74

If you wanted to include a starchy food to your meal,which of the following foods would you add?

A)Potatoes
B)Honey
C)Milk
D)Eggs

Question 75

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student.He avoids milk,because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However,he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms.Based on this information,Clayton probably has

A)cystic fibrosis.
B)amylase deficiency.
C)lactose intolerance.
D)botulism poisoning.

Question 76

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Sucrose has no nutritional value.
B)Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules.
C)Sucrose is a source of glucose.
D)Sucrose supplies more energy,gram per gram,than starch.

Question 77

Marissa is concerned about her risk of type 2 diabetes.To reduce her risk of this disease,Marissa should

A)take iron supplements daily.
B)use foods that are artificially sweetened.
C)avoid gaining excess weight.
D)reduce her intake of sodium.

Question 78

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch?

A)Seedless grapes
B)Chicken livers
C)Sweet potatoes
D)Egg yolks

Question 79

Lena's 4-year-old son is not well.He lacks much interest in playing,he has lost weight,his breath has a strange odor,and he seems to be thirsty all the time.Based on this information,Lena should

A)limit her son's intake of fluids.
B)have her son tested for type 1 diabetes.
C)decrease her son's intake of dietary fiber.
D)have her son treated for cystic fibrosis.

Question 80

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

A)Weighing more than average
B)Having northern European ancestry
C)Being taller than average
D)Having low blood pressure