Deck 17: Evolution of Plants

Question 1

Symbiotic relationships with fungi called mycorrhizae

A) allow plants to take up minerals such as phosphorus.
B) cause disease in the infected plant.
C) only benefit the fungus.
D) existed only millions of years ago.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In order to disperse water throughout themselves more effectively,plants evolved

A) pores.
B) vascular tissues.
C) circulatory systems.
D) stomata.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In double fertilization,the second fertilization after fertilization of the egg occurs with the

A) carpel.
B) pollen.
C) synergids.
D) polar nuclei.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

There are ___________ species of mosses worldwide.

A) 100
B) 2,000
C) 500
D) 9,500

Question 5

Later-evolving angiosperms like grasses have reverted to ___________ pollination.

A) animal
B) asexual
C) aqueous
D) wind

Question 6

There are an estimated ______________ species of plants alive today.

A) 1,000
B) 8,500
C) 15,000
D) 300,000

Question 7

The first seed plants were the

A) ferns.
B) gymnosperms.
C) angiosperms.
D) monocots.

Question 8

Flowers evolved brighter colors,nectar,and fragrances to

A) confuse predators.
B) attract mates.
C) promote seed dispersal.
D) attract pollinators.

Question 9

The first successful land plants,even though they lacked vascular tissue,were the

A) mosses.
B) coniferous trees.
C) liverworts and hornworts.
D) ferns.

Question 10

The first vascular plants occurred in the fossil record about _________ years ago.

A) 400 million
B) 1 million
C) 100,000
D) 250 million

Question 11

All of the following are methods plants have evolved to help them conserve water except for

A) a waxy cuticle.
B) stomata.
C) seeds.
D) mycorrhizae.

Question 12

Among the longest-surviving group of gymnosperms,the ___________ had relatives alive on earth during the days of the dinosaur.

A) cycads
B) dicots
C) monocots
D) ferns

Question 13

In a seed plant,the pollen grains are actually tiny

A) female gametophytes.
B) seeds.
C) male gametophytes.
D) eggs.

Question 14

During the sporophyte generation in the life cycle of a fern,the plant releases _______________ that germinate and become gametophytes.

A) haploid spores
B) diploid spores
C) haploid gametes
D) diploid gametes

Question 15

Which group has the tallest living specimens today?

A) Vascular plants
B) Mosses
C) Hornworts
D) Liverworts

Question 16

Which part of a flower is green and leaf-like?

A) Petals
B) Sepals
C) Stamens
D) Carpels

Question 17

Dicots evolved _________ monocots.

A) before
B) after

Question 18

The second whorl of flowers is made up of ____________ with the purpose of __________________.

A) sepals;protection
B) carpel;housing the egg cell
C) petals;attracting pollinators
D) stamens;housing pollen

Question 19

Early vascular plants grew by only cell division at the tips of the stems and shoots,a type of growth called

A) primary growth.
B) secondary growth.
C) wood.
D) vascular growth.

Question 20

_____________ are plants with primitive conducting systems.

A) Mosses
B) Coniferous trees
C) Liverworts and hornworts
D) Ferns

Question 21

Plants are _____________ because they can produce their own food.

Question 22

All of the following phyla belong to the Gymnosperms except

A) Coniferophyta.
B) Lycophyta.
C) Ginkgophyta.
D) Cycadophyta.
E) Gnetophyta.

Question 23

Seedless vascular plants,like ferns,require ________ for fertilization.

A) water
B) bees
C) wind
D) animals
E) all of the choices are correct

Question 24

The outermost whorl of a flower is called the

A) sepals.
B) petals.
C) stamens.
D) carpel.

Question 25

When spores are released from the underside of the fern frond,they fall to the ground where they germinate,growing into

A) haploid gametophytes.
B) diploid sporophytes.
C) haploid sporophytes.
D) diploid gametophytes.

Question 26

The flower structure that holds pollen is called a(n)________.

A) stigma
B) ovary
C) anther
D) style
E) receptacle

Question 27

A ___________ is a specialized opening through the cuticle of a leaf and sometimes the green portions of stems.

Question 28

Monocots typically have leaves with _________ veins and flowers with ______ parts per whorl.

A) netlike;3
B) netlike;4 to 5
C) parallel;3
D) parallel;4 to 5
E) netlike;6

Question 29

The primary function of a fruit is

A) to provide nutrients to the endosperm.
B) to promote seed development.
C) to promote seed germination.
D) to promote seed dispersal.

Question 30

All of the following are correct about dicots except

A) they are likely the first angiosperms.
B) they have netlike (reticulate)leaves.
C) they have flower parts in fours and fives.
D) grasses are an example.
E) oak trees are an example.

Question 31

Which of the following could not be found within a carpel?

A) Egg
B) Megaspore
C) Polar nuclei
D) Endosperm
E) Microspore

Question 32

Gametophyte generations produce ____________.

Question 33

Which phyla lacks a vascular system?

A) Pterophyta
B) Gnetophyta
C) Ginkgophyta
D) Hepaticophyta
E) Lycophyta

Question 34

A seed has three parts: an embryo,a source of food for the developing embryo called __________,and a protective cover.

A) antheridium
B) endosperm
C) rhizoid
D) ovule
E) cone

Question 35

In most angiosperms,pollen is dispersed by ___________.

A) water
B) animals
C) wind
D) humans

Question 36

_______________________ are symbiotic associations between fungi and plant roots.

Question 37

The seed coat nourishes the embryo.

Question 38

Which phyla do ferns belong to?

A) Lycophyta
B) Pterophyta
C) Gnetophyta
D) Ginkgophyta
E) Arthophyta

Question 39

When you see a fern,the large plant you are looking at is the

A) endosperm.
B) gametophyte.
C) sporophyte.
D) rhizoid.
E) antheridium.

Question 40

All of the following are parts of the carpel except

A) ovary.
B) style.
C) stamen.
D) stigma.

Question 41

Alternation of __________________ occurs when a gametophyte alternates with a sporophyte.

Question 42

A common name for the product of plant secondary growth in stems is ________.

Question 43

Why is the evolution of secondary growth important for plants?

Question 44

Flower parts are connected to a base called a _____________________ .

Question 45

How do the gametophytes of angiosperms differ from those of gymnosperms?

Question 46

_________ surround the seed(s)in flowering plants,aiding in dispersal.

Question 47

The _________ are the most abundant type of seedless vascular plant.

Question 48

Of what advantage might it be for a plant to produce a seed rather than to be seedless?

Question 49

What features serve to distinguish vascular plants from nonvascular plants?

Question 50

In some seeds,the _____________ is stored as food in the cotyledons.

Question 51

List two of several of the adaptations plants evolved to enhance their survival on land.