Deck 5: Energy and Life

Question 1

All of the following are correct about energy except

A) The biological world gets its energy from the sun.
B) Chemical bonds store potential energy.
C) All forms of energy can be converted to heat.
D) Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
E) A boulder perched on a hill has kinetic energy.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Objects that are moving are said to possess

A) kinetic energy.
B) potential energy.
C) entropy.
D) living energy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The site on the surface of a reactant where it binds to the enzyme is called the

A) reactive site.
B) allosteric site.
C) active site.
D) binding site.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The process of lowering the activation energy of a reaction is

A) respiration.
B) catalysis.
C) oxidation.
D) photosynthesis.

Question 5

Which of the following activities does NOT require cellular energy?

A) Swimming movements of some types of cells
B) Driving endergonic reactions
C) Movement of organelles within cells
D) Movement of water across the cell membrane

Question 6

Which of the following factors do NOT influence the action of enzymes?

A) Temperature of the cytoplasm
B) The amount of reactant in the cell
C) pH of the cytoplasm
D) Relative humidity
E) Presence of a repressor

Question 7

The making and breaking of chemical bonds are called

A) entropy reactions.
B) chemical reactions.
C) thermodynamic reactions.
D) catalysis reactions.
E) activation energy reactions.

Question 8

In reference to enzyme activities,repressors _____ the active site,while activators ________ it.

A) restore,disrupt
B) promote,disrupt
C) disrupt,restore
D) disrupt,bind to
E) stimulate,repress

Question 9

The process of converting the energy from food molecules into energy of ATP is

A) cellular respiration.
B) catalysis.
C) thermodynamics.
D) photosynthesis.

Question 10

Chemical reactions that release energy are called ______ reactions.

A) exergonic
B) endergonic
C) catalysis
D) catalytic

Question 11

Objects that are not actively moving but have the capacity to do so are said to possess

A) kinetic energy.
B) potential energy.
C) entropy.
D) living energy.

Question 12

ATP is composed of a sugar,the organic base adenine,and

A) three phosphate groups.
B) two phosphate groups.
C) three nitrate groups.
D) phenylalanine.

Question 13

The site on the enzyme surface where the reactant fits is referred to as the

A) reactive site.
B) allosteric site.
C) active site.
D) binding site.

Question 14

The extra energy required to destabilize existing chemical bonds and to initiate a chemical reaction is called

A) exergonic energy.
B) endergonic energy.
C) kinetic energy.
D) activation energy.
E) catalytic energy.

Question 15

Enzymes are catalysts because they operate to

A) lower activation energy.
B) raise activation energy.
C) supply activation energy.
D) supply the reactants.

Question 16

An enzyme changes shape when catalyzing a chemical reaction,leading to a(n)_____ fit.

A) perfect
B) induced
C) partial
D) tight

Question 17

The First Law of Thermodynamics states

A) that energy can be changed from one form to another,but cannot be created or destroyed.
B) that energy is constantly being created by entropy events.
C) that energy can be used and then destroyed because of entropy's actions on it.
D) that energy can be destroyed while it is producing entropy.

Question 18

Which of the following processes does NOT use ATP?

A) Muscle contraction
B) Active transport
C) Heat production
D) Diffusion of oxygen into the blood
E) Cytoplasmic transport

Question 19

Reactions that tend to occur spontaneously,releasing energy,are called

A) endergonic.
B) exergonic.
C) catalytic.
D) productive.

Question 20

A competitive inhibitor interferes with

A) the active site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind.
B) the repressor site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind.
C) the allosteric site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind.
D) the oxidized site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind.
E) the reduced site of the enzyme so a substrate cannot bind.

Question 21

A measure of the degree of disorder in a system is called ___________.

Question 22

The site on an enzyme where a substrate binds is the ___________ site,and the site on the substrate that binds to the enzyme is the __________ site.

Question 23

When an endergonic reaction is driven by the splitting of ATP molecules,such that both these reactions occur simultaneously,the two-part reaction is called a _____________ reaction.

Question 24

Do all cells contain the same active enzymes? Support your answer.

Question 25

During the ATP cycle,ATP is assembled from three phosphates,ribose,and adenine.

Question 26

The study of energy is called ______________.

Question 27

The second law of thermodynamics states that _________________.

Question 28

Which are the components of an ATP molecule?

A) Deoxyribose,3 phosphates,1 guanine
B) Ribose,2 phosphates,1 thymine
C) Deoxyribose,ribose,1 cytosine
D) Ribose,3 phosphates,1 adenine
E) Glucose,3 phosphates,1 guanine

Question 29

Most human enzymes work best within the range of

A) pH 3 - 5.
B) pH 4 - 6.
C) pH 6 - 8.
D) pH 8 - 10.
E) pH 11 - 14.

Question 30

Macromolecules that function as catalysts in cells are called __________.

Question 31

The process of lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called ________.

Question 32

Energy flows into the biological world from the

A) oceans.
B) plants.
C) sun.
D) volcanoes.
E) large animals.

Question 33

Explain how enzymes are regulated by feedback inhibition.

Question 34

What happens to enzymes when the temperature increases beyond their optimal reaction requirement?

Question 35

All cells convert the potential energy found in food molecules into ATP through

A) cellular respiration.
B) photosynthesis.
C) feedback inhibition.
D) entropy.
E) catalysis.

Question 36

If a ball begins to roll down an incline,its ________ energy is converted into _______ energy.

Question 37

Which is incorrect about enzymes?

A) Enzyme repressors disrupt enzyme active site shape.
B) A noncompetitive inhibitor of enzymes interferes with the active site of the enzyme.
C) Enzymes need to have a precise shape to work correctly.
D) In humans,extremely high fevers can be fatal because enzymes begin to unfold and stop working.
E) Some enzymes can work in extreme temperatures or very low pH.

Question 38

A ball sitting on a table top has __________ energy because of its position.

Question 39

In __________ reactions,the products contain more energy than the reactants.

Question 40

The site where a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to the surface of an enzyme is the ______________ site.

Question 41

Distinguish between reactants,substrates,and products.

Question 42

Describe the ATP-ADP cycle.

Question 43

State the components of an ATP molecule.

Question 44

List and explain four uses for ATP in a cell.