Deck 3: Molecules of Life

Question 1

Which level of protein structure ultimately determines all the other levels of structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Answer 1

A

Question 2

All of the following are lipids except

A) waxes.
B) cholesterol.
C) female sex hormones.
D) phospholipids.
E) glycogen.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The carbohydrate that is found in plant cell walls is

A) starch.
B) cellulose.
C) chitin.
D) fructose.
E) sucrose.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is not true?

A) There are 20 common amino acids that make up proteins.
B) The amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine equals the amount of guanine.
C) Lipids are not water soluble.
D) The ratio of carbon atoms to hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms is 1:2:1 in carbohydrates.
E) Macromolecules are formed by hydrolysis reactions.

Question 5

If one strand is CCAATTG on DNA then the complementary chain is

A) CCAATTG.
B) AAGGUUC.
C) GGUUAAC.
D) GGTTAAC.
E) It is impossible to determine.

Question 6

Which of the following is incorrect about saturated fats?

A) They are solid at room temperature.
B) They contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
C) They contain glycerol plus 3 fatty acids.
D) They are nonpolar molecules that don't mix with water.
E) They are generally the type of fat found in plants.

Question 7

The sugar found in RNA is

A) lactose.
B) glucose.
C) ribose.
D) deoxyribose.
E) glycogen.

Question 8

The external skeleton of many invertebrates is made of

A) starch.
B) cellulose.
C) chitin.
D) glycogen.
E) sucrose.

Question 9

The α-helix and β-pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 10

Enzymes function to

A) add structural support.
B) provide defense.
C) transport molecules.
D) make chemical reactions more like to occur.

Question 11

Fats composed of fatty acids that have double bonds in the fatty acids and have fewer than the maximum number of hydrogen atoms are

A) saturated.
B) liquids at room temperature.
C) solid at room temperature.
D) generally found in animal fats.

Question 12

A polysaccharide of glucose found in animals that is highly branched is

A) starch.
B) cellulose.
C) chitin.
D) glycogen.
E) sucrose.

Question 13

Hydrogen bonds between different parts of the polypeptide chain result in which level of protein structure?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 14

The carbohydrate that plants use to store energy is called

A) starch.
B) cellulose.
C) fructose.
D) sucrose.
E) chitin.

Question 15

The bases of the two DNA chains are linked in the middle of the molecule by _________ bonds.

A) covalent
B) ionic
C) hydrogen
D) There are no bonds connecting the chains.

Question 16

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein is its ____________ structure.

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 17

Which of the following is a main component of cell membranes?

A) Cellulose
B) Sucrose
C) Phospholipids
D) Triglycerides
E) Glycogen

Question 18

Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?

A) Carbohydrate
B) Nucleic acid
C) Protein
D) Lipids

Question 19

When a protein is denatured,which level of protein structure is unaffected?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Quaternary

Question 20

When a protein is composed of more than one polypeptide chain,the arrangement of the chains is called the ____________ structure.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary

Question 21

Unsaturated fats are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 22

Fatty acids that contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible are said to be

A) polyunsaturated.
B) monounsaturated.
C) saturated.
D) phospholipids.

Question 23

Many mammals supply energy to their young in the form of ___________.

Question 24

A __________ bond links two amino acids together.

Question 25

Animals store energy in a polymer composed of many glucose molecules called

A) starch.
B) glycogen.
C) cellulose.
D) chitin.

Question 26

Compare saturated and unsaturated fats with regard to source,structure,and consistency.

Question 27

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

A) amino acids.
B) polypeptides.
C) monosaccharides.
D) nucleotides.

Question 28

All of the following are ways RNA differs from DNA except

A) RNA is single stranded.
B) RNA is a nucleic acid.
C) RNA contains ribose.
D) RNA contains uracil.

Question 29

Nucleic acids are long polymers of repeating subunits called ___________.

Question 30

Which is incorrect about proteins?

A) The main function of proteins is energy storage.
B) Proteins can be enzymes.
C) Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
D) The sequence of amino acids determines the primary structure of the protein.
E) Some proteins have a transport function.

Question 31

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA specifies the sequence of ________________ in a protein.

Question 32

Denaturation of proteins is always a reversible process.

Question 33

The polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants is ___________.

Question 34

List the four major types of macromolecules,their subunits (building blocks),and their functions.

Question 35

Making and breaking molecules in the body require the aid of ____________ to help the reactions proceed.

A) heat
B) water
C) blood
D) enzymes

Question 36

Choose the statement that is true about DNA.

A) It exhibits base pairing.
B) It forms a double helix.
C) It is a polymer of nucleotides.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 37

Proteins are made up of ____________ strung together by _________ bonds.

A) amino acids;peptide
B) monosaccharides;nucleotide
C) monomers;ionic
D) polymers;hydrogen

Question 38

Lipids are insoluble in water because they are nonpolar.

Question 39

In RNA,thymine is replaced with ___________.

Question 40

Glucose is a type of carbohydrate called _____________.

A) a polysaccharide
B) a disaccharide
C) a monosaccharide
D) a nucleotide

Question 41

Describe the four levels of protein structure and how they are affected by denaturation.

Question 42

Describe five functions of proteins.

Question 43

Describe the structure of DNA.