Deck 32: Regulation of Temperature and Body Fluids

Question 1

Birds excrete nitrogen wastes in which of the following?

A)Ammonia
B)Urea
C)Nucleotides
D)Uric acid
E)Allatonin

Answer 1

D

Question 2

An organism that manages its temperature by its own metabolism is termed a(an):

A)Homotherm
B)Ectotherm
C)Endotherm
D)Positherm
E)Thermophile

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Mammals excrete nitrogen wastes in which of the following?

A)Ammonia
B)Urea
C)Nucleotides
D)Uric acid
E)Allatonin

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The part of the brain that is primarily involved in regulating the body temperature of humans is the:

A)Cerebrum
B)Cerebellum
C)Hypothalamus
D)Pons
E)Medulla oblongata

Question 5

The simplest nitrogenous waste product of protein breakdown is:

A)Urea
B)Ammonia
C)Uric acid
D)Nucleic acid
E)Allatonin

Question 6

An organism that alters its behavior to manage the gain of heat from or loss of heat to the environment is termed a(an):

A)Homotherm
B)Endotherm
C)Positherm
D)Ectotherm
E)Thermophile

Question 7

The metabolic rate of an endotherm is usually ____________ times that of an ectotherm of similar size and body temperature.

A)Two
B)Eight
C)Ten
D)Five
E)Twenty

Question 8

Which nitrogenous waste produced by animals during metabolism is highly toxic and must be excreted as a dilute solution in a lot of water?

A)Urea
B)Nucleotides
C)Uric acid
D)Ammonia
E)Allatonin

Question 9

When the concentration of solute in the cell is higher than the environment:

A)Water moves out of the cell by osmosis
B)The cell will dehydrate
C)Water moves into the cell by facilitated diffusion
D)Water moves into the cell by osmosis
E)Water moves out of the cell by facilitated diffusion

Question 10

Homeostasis is defined as:

A)The ability of an organism to anchor itself to the rocks or soil of a body of water
B)The ability of an organism to carry out chemical reactions
C)The ability of an organism to sexually mature
D)The ability of an organism to withstand extreme temperatures
E)The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment

Question 11

In animals,which of the following help retain body heat?

A)Fat and feathers
B)Feathers and fur
C)Fur, fat, and feathers
D)Fur and fat
E)Fur

Question 12

A reptile:

A)Is endothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment
B)Is ectothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism
C)Is ectothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment
D)Is endothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism

Question 13

A mammal:

A)Is ectothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment
B)Is endothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism
C)Is endothermic and has a body temperature that fluctuates as the animal derives its heat from the environment
D)Is ectothermic and has a body temperature maintained by its own metabolism

Question 14

When the concentration of solutes in fluid is higher outside the cell than inside:

A)Water moves into the cell by osmosis
B)Water moves into the cell by facilitated diffusion
C)Water moves out of the cell by facilitated diffusion
D)Water moves out of the cell by osmosis
E)The cell will swell and possibly rupture

Question 15

The diffusion of water across a membrane that is permeable to water but not to ions and other charged solutes is:

A)Facilitated diffusion
B)Active transport
C)Simple diffusion
D)Osmosis
E)Phagocytosis

Question 16

The control of an organism's body temperature is:

A)Osmoregulation
B)Photoregulation
C)Chemoregulation
D)Thermoregulation
E)Homeostasis

Question 17

Dissolved particles within a ____________ are called _____________.

A)Cell, vacuoles
B)Cell, ribosomes
C)Solute, solvents
D)Solvent, solutes
E)Cell, lysosomes

Question 18

Cells often use ______________________ to move ions against their concentration gradient.

A)Simple diffusion
B)Facilitated diffusion
C)Active transport
D)Osmosis
E)Cilia

Question 19

The process used to control the level of water and ions in body fluids is termed:

A)Thermoregulation
B)Mechanoregulation
C)Chemoregulation
D)Hemoregulation
E)Osmoregulation

Question 20

Fish excrete nitrogen wastes in which of the following?

A)Urea
B)Nucleotides
C)Ammonia
D)Uric acid
E)Allatonin

Question 21

Dialysis is a procedure in which a machine takes over the function of the:

A)Liver
B)Pancreas
C)Hypothalamus
D)Urinary bladder
E)Kidney

Question 22

A diuretic is:

A)A substance that decreases the permeability of the tubules to water
B)A substance that increases the volume of blood
C)A substance that decreases the volume of water in the body
D)A substance that increases the volume of urine
E)A substance that increases the production of ADH

Question 23

Humans may conserve or generate heat in cold weather by:

A)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin constricting
B)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilating and shivering
C)Shivering
D)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilating
E)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin constricting and shivering

Question 24

The outer main section of the kidney is the:

A)Renal periphery
B)Renal medulla
C)Renal cortex
D)Glomerulus
E)Collecting duct

Question 25

The force that drives substances out of the glomerulus is:

A)Blood pressure
B)Gravity
C)Active transport
D)ATP
E)Osmosis

Question 26

The chemical composition of urine reflects the processes of:

A)Filtration
B)Reabsorption
C)Secretion
D)All are correct
E)None are correct

Question 27

The area of the nephron that directly receives fluid from the glomerulus is the:

A)Renal pelvis
B)Pacinian corpuscle
C)Bowman's capsule
D)Renal vein
E)Renal artery

Question 28

In humans the muscular tube into which urine from the kidney first drains is the:

A)Urethra
B)Uvula
C)Ureter
D)Urinary bladder
E)Nephron

Question 29

The portion of the kidney that functions primarily in the reabsorption of water and ions from the filtrate into the blood is the:

A)Glomerulus
B)Renal vein
C)Proximal convoluted tubule
D)Distal convoluted tubule
E)Bowman's capsule

Question 30

The major excretory organ of the human urinary system is the:

A)Gall bladder
B)Pancreas
C)Liver
D)Adrenal gland
E)Kidney

Question 31

The tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the human body is the:

A)Uvula
B)Renal vein
C)Nephron
D)Urethra
E)Ureter

Question 32

The inner main section of the kidney is the:

A)Renal periphery
B)Renal cortex
C)Glomerulus
D)Collecting duct
E)Renal medulla

Question 33

The portion of the renal tubule below the glomerular capsule consists of three functional regions.These regions moving from the glomerular capsule toward the collecting duct are:

A)Nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule
B)Distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and proximal convoluted tubule
C)Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule
D)Nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, and proximal convoluted tubule
E)Proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and nephron loop

Question 34

Which of the following is not usually collected by the glomerular capsule?

A)Water
B)Glucose
C)Erythrocytes
D)Urea
E)Amino acids

Question 35

The portion of the kidney that functions primarily in the active transport of sodium ions out of the renal tubule is the:

A)Glomerulus
B)Distal convoluted tubule
C)Proximal convoluted tubule
D)Renal vein
E)Bowman's capsule

Question 36

The steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex that raises blood pressure is:

A)Epinephrine
B)Aldosterone
C)FSH
D)Insulin
E)Testosterone

Question 37

A tuft of capillaries within the kidney that is used to collect blood that needs to be filtered is the:

A)Glomerulus
B)Collecting duct
C)Renal medulla
D)Renal cortex
E)Renal pelvis

Question 38

The hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary that causes the reabsorption of more water by the kidney is:

A)ADH
B)FSH
C)GH
D)LH
E)ACTH

Question 39

The major artery that delivers blood to the kidney is the:

A)Brachial artery
B)Radial artery
C)Hepatic artery
D)Renal artery
E)Carotid artery

Question 40

The functional unit of a kidney is a:

A)Neuron
B)Glomerulus
C)Nephron
D)Collecting duct
E)Nexus

Question 41

Hyponatremia translates to low sodium in the blood.This is a concern for marathon runners who drink too much water,and can cause life-threatening pressure on the brain.Why would this occur?

A)Neurons would take up the sodium from the blood and not be able to polarize
B)Neurons would be stimulated to all fire at once
C)Neurons would swell by osmosis
D)Neurons die in low levels of sodium
E)Neurons cannot give the kidneys signals to reabsorb sodium ions

Question 42

Fresh water is much more dilute than the cells of a fish,so the animal constantly takes in water at its gills.How would a freshwater fish osmoregulate?

A)Produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
B)Drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salts
C)Drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water
D)Produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salt from the water

Question 43

When a mammal hibernates its body temperature can go from 37°C down to 4°C.Which of the following is true of a hibernating mammal?

A)It remains endothermic
B)It switches from ectothermic to endothermic
C)It switches from endothermic to ectothermic
D)It remains ectothermic

Question 44

What effect would drinking salt water have in a human?

A)Dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the blood into the urine
B)Dehydration as the extra salt pulls water out of the urine into the blood
C)Increased hydration as the extra salt in the blood pulls water out of tissues
D)Increased hydration as the extra salt in the urine pulls water out of tissues
E)Dehydration as salt in the intestines pulls water out of the urine

Question 45

Hibernating mammals accumulate large stores of brown fat containing many mitochondria.These mitochondria can burn the fat without generating ATP.What effect would burning fat without generating ATP have on the hibernating mammal?

A)Lower body temperature
B)Raise body temperature
C)Raise blood volume
D)Lower blood volume

Question 46

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney and can be triggered by dehydration for which reason?

A)Salt concentrations increase as blood volume increases
B)Salt concentrations drop as blood volume drops
C)Salt concentrations increase as blood volume drops
D)Salt concentrations drop as blood volume increases

Question 47

Which of the following is an advantage of ectothermy over endothermy?

A)Ectotherms require less energy
B)Ectotherms can move quickly even if it is cold
C)Ectotherms require less food and energy
D)Ectotherms require less food
E)Ectotherms can move quickly even if it is cold and use less food

Question 48

In many autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis,antibody complexes form in the blood.Kidney failure is a common consequence of these diseases for which reason?

A)Antibodies attack the kidney
B)The distal convoluted tubule becomes clogged with the antibody complexes
C)The amino acids from the antibody complexes overwhelm the kidneys capacity to filter blood
D)The antibody complexes become trapped in the glomeruli
E)Water cannot be reabsorbed from the collecting duct

Question 49

Alcohol reduces ADH secretion which in turn does which of the following?

A)Decreases tubule permeability to water and thus increases urine volume
B)Decreases tubule permeability to water and thus decreases urine volume
C)Increases tubule permeability to water and thus increases urine volume
D)Increases tubule permeability to water and thus decreases urine volume

Question 50

Ocean water is much saltier than a fish's cells,so the animal loses water by osmosis,mostly at the gills.How would a saltwater fish osmoregulate?

A)Drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water.
B)Produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to take up salt from the water.
C)Drink seawater and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salts.
D)Produce dilute urine and use active transport at the gills to get rid of excess salt from the water.

Question 51

Like the kidney,a dialysis machine filters all but which of the following out of the blood?

A)Water
B)Waste
C)Blood cells
D)Salt
E)Glucose

Question 52

One symptom of kidney failure can be the appearance of blood in the urine.This would indicate that which part of the kidney was damaged?

A)Proximal convoluted tubule
B)Distal convoluted tubule
C)Glomerulus
D)Nephron
E)Collecting duct

Question 53

Humans may decrease their body temperature in hot weather by:

A)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin constricting and sweating
B)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilating and sweating
C)Sweating
D)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin dilating
E)Blood vessels near the surface of the skin constricting

Question 54

If the renal tubule was damaged,which of the following would you observe?

A)Increased red blood cells in the urine
B)Increased volume of urine produced
C)Increased glucose in the urine
D)Increased salt in the urine
E)Increased protein in the urine

Question 55

Which of the following is an advantage of endothermy over ectothermy?

A)Endotherms require less food and energy
B)Endotherms require less food
C)Endotherms can move quickly even if it is cold
D)Endotherms require less energy
E)Endotherms can move quickly even if it is cold and use less food

Question 56

Which of the following are endothermic?

A)Mammals
B)Birds
C)Reptiles
D)Birds and mammals
E)Reptiles and birds

Question 57

A penguin's feet are nearly as cold as ice,while the bird's core body temperature is much higher.Which of the following explains this observation?

A)Countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in arteries and cold blood in veins
B)Countercurrent heat exchange between warm blood in veins and cold blood in arteries
C)Blood supply to the legs is shut off by vasoconstriction
D)There are no muscles in the feet of penguins to generate heat
E)Heat cannot diffuse from the core of the body to the feet because the feet are too far away

Question 58

Kidney stones are calcium-rich crystals that form inside the kidney.What symptoms would you expect if the stones lodge in a ureter?

A)Increased urine production
B)Decreased urine pH
C)Increased urine pH
D)Decreased urine production
E)Decreased urine osmolarity

Question 59

Ammonia is toxic,and must be secreted as a dilute solution.Why do most fish secrete ammonia,but mammals do not?

A)Fish do not have enough energy to convert ammonia to urea
B)Mammals do not break proteins down forming ammonia
C)Mammals do not secrete wastes in solution
D)Fish do not have to worry about dehydrating
E)Mammals can synthesize urea from ammonia without using any energy

Question 60

Diuretics are commonly prescribed drugs for patients with hypertension because they:

A)Decrease blood volume and increase blood pressure
B)Increase blood volume and blood pressure
C)Decrease blood volume and blood pressure
D)Increase blood volume and decrease blood pressure

Question 61

figure 32.16
What conclusion could the authors deduce about the origin of feathers from figure 32.16?

A)That endothermy arose before feathers
B)That ectothermy arose before feathers
C)That endothermy arose after feathers
D)That ectothermy arose after feathers
E)That dinosaurs had feathers

Question 62

figure 32.16
In figure 32.16 the authors looked for a correlation between which two variables?

A)Mass and nasal cross section
B)Mass and endothermy
C)Being extinct and mass
D)Endothermy and nasal cross section
E)Presence of a turbinate and nasal cross section

Question 63

The primary functional unit of a kidney is the nephron.

Question 64

What is the function of a turbinate?

A)To cool and dry inhaled air
B)To warm and humidify inhaled air
C)To provide insulation
D)To aid in flight
E)To increase the breathing rate

Question 65

The renal vein transports oxygen rich blood to the kidney.

Question 66

Positive feedback is used to regulate the secretion of ADH by the pituitary.

Question 67

Plasma proteins,blood cells,and platelets are filtered out of the blood stream at the glomerulus.

Question 68

Since small amounts of ammonia are very toxic,mammals convert ammonia to urea for concentration before excretion occurs.

Question 69

The wings of a bird and front limbs of a reptile or mammal are which of the following?

A)Analogous structures
B)Vestigial structures
C)Homologous structures
D)Embryonic structures
E)Artificial structures

Question 70

The primary functional unit of a kidney is the glomerulus.

Question 71

An endotherm lacks an internal temperature regulating mechanism.

Question 72

Birds are most closely related to reptiles leading the authors to conclude which of the following?

A)That endothermy arose once before the split of mammals and reptiles
B)That endothermy arose once and was then lost in reptiles
C)That birds are actually more closely related to mammals than reptiles
D)That endothermy is not a good way to measure the relationship between species
E)That endothermy arose twice after the split of mammals and reptiles

Question 73

Colorless urine usually indicates excessive water intake or the ingestion of diuretics.

Question 74

Animals lose water through evaporation,in feces and in urine.

Question 75

figure 32.16
Based on figure 32.16,were the extinct ancestors to birds endotherms or ectotherms?

A)Endotherms
B)Ectotherms
C)You cannot tell from the data

Question 76

Why does a high metabolic rate mean that an animal has a huge demand for oxygen?

A)Oxygen is used by the mitochondria to obtain maximal energy from food
B)Oxygen is used in fermentation to obtain maximal energy from food
C)Oxygen is needed for cells to move rapidly
D)Oxygen is needed for protein synthesis
E)Oxygen is used by the cell to be able to grow rapidly

Question 77

Turbinates were found in therapsids,extinct reptiles thought to be ancestors of mammals.What could the researchers conclude from this observation?

A)That endothermy arose after fur
B)That ectothermy arose before fur
C)That endothermy arose before fur
D)That ectothermy arose after fur
E)That birds did not descend from reptiles

Question 78

When cells generate ATP in aerobic respiration they also produce metabolic heat.

Question 79

Since small amounts of ammonia are very toxic,mammals convert ammonia to uric acid for concentration before excretion occurs.

Question 80

Which of the following is true of endotherms in comparison to ectotherms?

A)They have a higher metabolic rate and oxygen consumption
B)They have a lower metabolic rate and oxygen consumption
C)They have a higher metabolic rate and lower rate of oxygen consumption
D)They have a lower metabolic rate and higher rate of oxygen consumption