Deck 29: The Circulatory System

Question 1

The simplest animals with a closed circulatory system are:

A)Mollusks
B)Amphibians
C)Annelids
D)Fish
E)Reptiles

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The two largest veins of the body that deliver blood to the right atrium are the:

A)Pulmonary vein and inferior vena cava
B)Superior vena cava and pulmonary vein
C)Aorta and inferior vena cava
D)Inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
E)Aorta and superior vena cava

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The small vessels from which water and dissolved substances diffuse between the blood and interstitial fluid are:

A)Arteries
B)Veins
C)Lymph vessels
D)Capillaries
E)Sieve tubes

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Each day the human heart sends a volume of blood equal to about _____________ through the body.

A)50000 liters
B)1000 liters
C)7000 liters
D)2000 liters
E)5000 liters

Question 5

The largest artery in the body is the:

A)Coronary artery
B)Superior vena cava
C)Aorta
D)Pulmonary artery
E)Carotid artery

Question 6

Blood:

A)Is a liquid connective tissue
B)Delivers food to the cells of the body
C)Delivers oxygen to the cells of the body
D)Helps remove wastes from the body
E)All are correct

Question 7

The large vessels of the circulatory system that carry blood away from the heart are:

A)Veins
B)Capillaries
C)Arteries
D)Lymph vessels
E)Sieve tubes

Question 8

Vertebrates with a two-chambered heart include:

A)Amphibians
B)Reptiles
C)Birds
D)Fish
E)Mammals

Question 9

Which of the following is an artery that supplies blood to the heart muscle?

A)Aorta
B)Coronary artery
C)Carotid artery
D)Superior vena cava
E)Inferior vena cava

Question 10

The tough connective tissue sac surrounding the heart is the:

A)Myocardium
B)Epicardium
C)Peritoneal cavity
D)Pericardium
E)Endocardium

Question 11

Vertebrates with a four-chambered heart include:

A)Fish
B)Reptiles
C)Birds
D)Amphibians
E)Annelids

Question 12

A heart murmur is caused by:

A)A greater than normal force of contraction of the right atrium
B)A constriction of the pulmonary artery
C)Blockage of the aorta
D)The heart valves not functioning properly
E)A greater than normal force of contraction of the left atrium

Question 13

The myocardium is the:

A)Sac surrounding the heart
B)The endothelial cells lining wall of the heart
C)Artery that carries blood away from the heart
D)Artery that carries blood to the heart
E)The thick muscular layer of the wall of the heart

Question 14

Vertebrates with a three-chambered heart include:

A)Fish
B)Amphibians
C)Birds
D)Mammals
E)Annelids

Question 15

A heartbeat begins in the:

A)Atrioventricular valve
B)Atrioventricular node
C)Sinoatrial node
D)Right ventricle
E)Left atrium

Question 16

The semilunar valves:

A)Prevent arterial blood from reentering the ventricles
B)Prevent blood from reentering the atria when ventricles contract
C)Prevent the back flow of blood in large veins
D)Are located between the atria and ventricles
E)Prevent blood from entering the arteries

Question 17

The chamber of the heart that is the most powerful is the:

A)Left atrium
B)Left ventricle
C)Right atrium
D)Right ventricle
E)All chambers of the heart have equal forces of contraction

Question 18

The upper chambers of the mammalian heart are the:

A)Ventricles
B)Arteries
C)Vascular cavities
D)Atria
E)Sinuses

Question 19

Cardiac output may increase by:

A)A greater than normal heart rate
B)A lower than normal stroke volume
C)A lower than normal stroke volume and heart rate
D)A greater than normal stroke volume
E)A greater than normal stroke volume and heart rate

Question 20

The large vessels that carry blood to the heart are:

A)Arteries
B)Veins
C)Capillaries
D)Lymph vessels
E)Sieve tubes

Question 21

The major vein receiving blood draining from all areas above the diaphragm is the:

A)Femoral vein
B)Superior vena cava
C)Pulmonary vein
D)Inferior vena cava
E)Jugular vein

Question 22

The cellular components of blood that destroy foreign substances are:

A)Erythrocytes
B)Chondrocytes
C)Platelets
D)Leukocytes
E)Osteocytes

Question 23

The cellular fragments that help in initiating blood clotting are:

A)Leukocytes
B)Erythrocytes
C)Platelets
D)Chondrocytes
E)Osteocytes

Question 24

The force that blood exerts on artery walls is termed:

A)Venous pressure
B)Gravitational pressure
C)Blood pressure
D)Osmotic pressure
E)Pulmonary pressure

Question 25

The major vein returning blood to the heart from all areas below the diaphragm is the:

A)Femoral vein
B)Pulmonary vein
C)Inferior vena cava
D)Superior vena cava
E)Jugular vein

Question 26

The cellular components of blood that transport oxygen are:

A)Leukocytes
B)Erythrocytes
C)Platelets
D)Chondrocytes
E)Osteocytes

Question 27

Systolic pressure reflects:

A)The contraction of the atria
B)The relaxation of the atria
C)The relaxation of the ventricles
D)The contraction of the ventricles
E)The heart rate

Question 28

The major vein that delivers blood from the lungs to the heart is the:

A)Femoral vein
B)Inferior vena cava
C)Superior vena cava
D)Pulmonary vein
E)Jugular vein

Question 29

Blood pressure is:

A)The force that interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the arteries
B)The force that blood exerts on the walls of the ventricles of the heart
C)The force that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries
D)The force that interstitial fluid exerts on the walls of the veins
E)The force that blood exerts on the walls of the veins

Question 30

The liquid matrix of blood is:

A)Interstitial fluid
B)Water
C)Cytosol
D)Plasma
E)Lymph

Question 31

The middle layer of the wall of an artery or vein is made up of:

A)Connective tissue
B)Skeletal muscle
C)Smooth muscle
D)Endothelium
E)Simple squamous epithelial cells

Question 32

The major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is the:

A)Pulmonary artery
B)Aorta
C)Carotid artery
D)Renal artery
E)Brachial artery

Question 33

The narrowing of blood vessels is:

A)Vasoconstriction
B)Cardioconstriction
C)Vasodilation
D)Cardiodilation

Question 34

The widening of blood vessels is:

A)Vasoconstriction
B)Cardioconstriction
C)Vasodilation
D)Cardiodilation

Question 35

The instrument that measures blood pressure is the:

A)Barometer
B)Stethoscope
C)Electrocardiogram
D)Sphygmomanometer
E)Hygrometer

Question 36

Which of the following arteries does not carry oxygenated blood?

A)Pulmonary artery
B)Femoral artery
C)Renal artery
D)Aorta
E)Carotid artery

Question 37

Diastolic pressure reflects:

A)The contraction of the atria
B)The contraction of the ventricles
C)The relaxation of the ventricles
D)The relaxation of the atria
E)The heart rate

Question 38

At the capillaries,___________ leaves red blood cells and _____________ enters the circulation.

A)Nitrogen, oxygen
B)Carbon dioxide, oxygen
C)Carbon dioxide, nitrogen
D)Oxygen, carbon dioxide
E)Sodium, oxygen

Question 39

The capillary wall consists only of:

A)A single layer of epithelial cells covered by connective tissue
B)Connective tissue
C)A single layer of endothelial cells
D)Smooth muscle
E)A single layer of epithelial cells covered by smooth muscle

Question 40

Which of the following veins does not deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A)Femoral vein
B)Jugular vein
C)Superior vena cava
D)Inferior vena cava
E)Pulmonary vein

Question 41

A whole blood cell transfusion would be used to treat which of the following?

A)Arrhythmia
B)Aneurysm
C)Anemia
D)Heart attack due to atherosclerosis
E)Tachycardia

Question 42

Which chamber of the heart becomes enlarged in a person with atherosclerosis?

A)Left atrium
B)Right ventricle
C)Left ventricle
D)Right atrium
E)SA node

Question 43

Which is the correct order for the time required to replace each blood component from shortest to longest?

A)Plasma, red blood cell, platelet
B)Platelet, red blood cell, plasma
C)Red blood cell, platelet, plasma
D)Plasma, platelet, red blood cell
E)Red blood cell, plasma, platelet

Question 44

Why would exercise help your blood circulation in your legs?

A)As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs
B)Increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs
C)As muscles contract they squeeze blood through the veins
D)Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells
E)Exercise increases the amount of red blood cells and increased heart rate pushes more blood into the legs

Question 45

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.Why would the pulses be carried to the right chambers of the heart and not the left chambers?

A)Because the right chambers are the natural pacemaker of the heart
B)Because the right chambers of the heart are weaker and need more stimulation
C)Because only the right chambers of the heart need to contract to move blood to the lungs
D)Because it is easier to run the wires from the pacemaker through the vena cava
E)Because once the right chambers are activated the pulse will be carried to the left chambers

Question 46

A clumping reaction caused by antibodies in the blood plasma is:

A)Clotting
B)Agglutination
C)Constriction
D)Atherosclerosis
E)Inflammation

Question 47

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff,the first pulse sound that is heard through the stethoscope indicates that blood is flowing through the artery past the cuff.The reading on the pressure gauge at this point represents:

A)That the heart is once again beating
B)The force of contraction of the atria
C)Diastolic pressure
D)Venous pressure
E)Systolic pressure

Question 48

Which of the following is not a major part of the lymph system?

A)Skeletal muscle
B)Tonsil
C)Spleen
D)Pancreas
E)Thymus

Question 49

If blood pressure is too low,the brain __________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

A)Increases, dilate
B)Decreases, dilate
C)Increases, constrict
D)Decreases, constrict
E)Increases, rupture

Question 50

If blood pressure is too high,the brain _________ heart rate and causes blood vessels to _________.

A)Increases, dilate
B)Increases, constrict
C)Decreases, constrict
D)Decreases, dilate
E)Increases, rupture

Question 51

A dual-chamber pacemaker is surgically placed in a patient's chest.Wires then carry pulses to the right atrium and the right ventricle.How would the pulses be directed from the pacemaker to the heart?

A)Only the ventricle would be stimulated
B)The ventricle would be stimulated first and then the atrium
C)Both the atrium and ventricle would be stimulated simultaneously
D)Only the atrium would be stimulated
E)The atrium would be stimulated first and then the ventricle

Question 52

When taking a person's blood pressure,after proper inflation of the cuff and after hearing appropriate pulse sound through the stethoscope,the reading on the pressure gauge at the disappearance of this sound represents:

A)That the heart is once again beating
B)The force of contraction of the atria
C)Venous pressure
D)Diastolic pressure
E)Systolic pressure

Question 53

The organ of the lymph system in which specialized white blood cells called T cells learn to distinguish body cells from foreign cells is the:

A)Spleen
B)Thymus
C)Tonsil
D)Lymph node
E)Heart

Question 54

The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is:

A)Myoglobin
B)Actin
C)Fibrinogen
D)Hemoglobin
E)Myosin

Question 55

Birds and mammals are endotherms,meaning they spend enormous amounts of energy maintaining a constant body temperature.To meet these energy needs,birds and mammals independently evolved four-chambered hearts,completing the separation of oxygen-rich from oxygen-depleted blood.How would this maximize the amount of oxygen reaching tissues?

A)Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be increased
B)Diffusion of oxygen from oxygenated blood into tissues would be decreased
C)Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the blood
D)Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the tissues
E)Less energy would be required to pump oxygen into the lungs

Question 56

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who is at risk of forming a blood clot?

A)A beta-blocker
B)Aspirin
C)A diuretic
D)A beta-blocker and a diuretic
E)Aspirin and a diuretic

Question 57

A defibrillator contains two paddles that are placed on the chest of a person and an electrical shock is administered.What is this procedure treating?

A)Aneurysm
B)Heart attack due to atherosclerosis
C)Anemia
D)Tachycardia
E)Arrhythmia

Question 58

Which drugs would be prescribed to a person who has high blood pressure?

A)Aspirin
B)A beta-blocker
C)A beta-blocker and a diuretic
D)A diuretic
E)Aspirin and a diuretic

Question 59

Why could you donate plasma twice a week?

A)Plasma only contains proteins and fluid which can be rapidly replaced
B)Plasma contains platelets which can be replaced quickly
C)Plasma contains red blood cells which can be replaced quickly
D)Plasma contains only water and can be rapidly replaced
E)Plasma is regenerated from the blood cells injected back into the donor

Question 60

Why would this chamber become enlarged in a person with atherosclerosis?

A)It pumps blood through narrowed arteries to the brain
B)It pumps blood through narrowed arteries throughout the body
C)It pumps blood through narrowed arteries to the lungs
D)It pumps blood through narrowed coronary arteries
E)It pumps blood through narrowed valves into the ventricles

Question 61

The pulmonary vein transports deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 62

Which of the following would you expect to observe in a person with atherosclerosis?

A)Increased blood pressure
B)Decreased heart rate
C)Increased depolarization of the atria
D)Decreased depolarization of the ventricles
E)Increased blood flow through the coronary arteries

Question 63

Hemoglobin is red because iron atoms do which of the following?

A)Reflect yellow light
B)Reflect blue light
C)Reflect red light
D)Reflect yellow and blue light
E)Reflect yellow and red light

Question 64

In a coronary bypass,which of the following is being bypassed?

A)Coronary veins
B)Inferior vena cava
C)Coronary arteries
D)Superior vena cava
E)Aorta

Question 65

The atrioventricular node sets the tempo of the heart beat.

Question 66

Among the ice fishes,Neopagetopsis ionah had white blood,but intact alpha and beta globin genes.Why was their blood still white?

A)The fish could produce hemoglobin, but not red blood cells
B)The alpha and beta genes were both fragmented
C)The alpha and beta genes were both deleted
D)The genes were mutated in a way that leaves the fish unable to produce hemoglobin
E)The fish could produce hemoglobin, but it did not contain an iron atom

Question 67

Capillary beds are networks of capillaries that connect arterioles and venules.

Question 68

Ice fish would have which of the following circulatory systems?

A)Closed with a two-chambered heart
B)Open
C)Closed with a single-chambered heart
D)Closed with a three-chambered heart
E)Closed with a four-chambered heart

Question 69

figure 29.20
Examining figure 29.20,which of the following is the best explanation of the globin gene cluster observed in Neopagetopsis ionah?

A)N. ionah is not an ice fish
B)Identical mutations occurred in the alpha and beta globin genes four separate times since ice fishes diverged from red-blooded fishes
C)N. ionah's ancestors interbred with red-blooded fishes
D)The mutations in the alpha and beta globin genes do not explain why ice fish have white blood
E)The ancestor to ice fishes and red-blooded fishes did not have alpha and beta globin genes, and these arose in the red-blooded fishes after the two groups diverged

Question 70

How do ice fish transport oxygen in their blood?

A)In red blood cells
B)In white blood cells
C)In platelets
D)In plasma
E)On hemoglobin

Question 71

Hemoglobin is made up of two alpha and two beta globin proteins.Hemoglobin is an example of a _____ structure.

A)Quaternary
B)Primary
C)Secondary
D)Tertiary
E)Quintary

Question 72

The renal artery delivers blood to the pancreas.

Question 73

The sinoatrial node,also called the pacemaker,sets the tempo of the heart beat.

Question 74

Why would ice fish lose their alpha and beta globin genes through mutation?

A)If hemoglobin was not necessary there was no selective pressure to keep mutations from accumulating
B)The fish wanted to stop producing red blood cells, so they mutated the globin genes
C)Fish with red blood cells were more visible to predators and were eaten
D)Mistakes in DNA replication are more likely to occur at colder temperatures
E)Fish living in the cold cannot obtain enough iron to make hemoglobin

Question 75

In a closed circulatory system,the heart pumps fluid through open-ended vessels into spaces where the fluid bathes the body's cells.

Question 76

A valve replacement would prevent which of the following?

A)Flow of blood from the right atrium to right ventricle
B)Flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta
C)Flow of blood from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium
D)Flow of blood from the right ventricle to right atrium
E)Flow of blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

Question 77

In the capillaries of an ice fish,how would oxygen get into tissues?

A)By active transport
B)By facilitated diffusion
C)By diffusion
D)By osmosis
E)By binding to hemoglobin receptors

Question 78

What mutations occurred in ice fish that prevent production of hemoglobin?

A)Fragmentation of both the alpha and beta genes
B)Deletion of the alpha gene and fragmentation of the beta gene
C)Deletion of both the alpha and beta genes
D)Fragmentation of the alpha gene and deletion of the beta gene
E)Destruction of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 79

The human circulatory system transports blood in a one-directional circuit throughout the body.

Question 80

Where would fish have the highest concentration of oxygen in their blood?

A)As it left their systemic circulation
B)As it left their heart
C)As it entered their heart
D)As it left their lungs
E)As it left their gills