Deck 27: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of the following would be the primary target for ADH?

A)Pancreas
B)Mammary gland
C)Testes
D)Kidney
E)Ovaries

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels is the:

A)Parathyroid gland
B)Adrenal gland
C)Pineal gland
D)Pancreas
E)Testes

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following has its primary affect on the brain's pain receptors?

A)ACTH
B)FSH and LH
C)Endorphins
D)Oxytocin
E)ADH

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Biochemicals produced in a gland or organ that travel through the blood stream and alter the metabolism of specific target cells are:

A)Enzymes
B)Pheromones
C)Neurotransmitters
D)Hormones
E)Pectines

Question 5

Steroid hormones:

A)Are typically lipid-soluble
B)Typically do not bind to a surface receptor on a target cell
C)Pass through cell membranes
D)Typically alter gene expression
E)All are correct

Question 6

Which of the following is not typically a characteristic of a steroid hormone?

A)They are lipid-soluble
B)They alter gene expression
C)They bind to a receptor inside the cell's cytoplasm or nucleus
D)They bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell
E)They are not water-soluble

Question 7

Which of the following is an endocrine gland?

A)Pancreas
B)Thyroid gland
C)Ovaries
D)Testes
E)All are correct

Question 8

The endocrine gland that produces hormones that help regulate blood calcium is the:

A)Pancreas
B)Parathyroid gland
C)Adrenal gland
D)Pineal gland
E)Testes

Question 9

The endocrine gland that produces hormones related to the sympathetic nervous system and steroids that help regulate body fluids is the:

A)Parathyroid gland
B)Pancreas
C)Adrenal gland
D)Pineal gland
E)Testes

Question 10

All of the glands of the vertebrate endocrine system are regulated by the:

A)Hypothalamus and pons
B)Hypothalamus and pituitary gland
C)Cerebrum and medulla oblongata
D)Pineal gland and pituitary gland
E)Cerebellum and pituitary gland

Question 11

The release of which of the following hormones is usually controlled by positive feedback?

A)Insulin
B)TRH
C)Oxytocin
D)Glucagon
E)None of these are controlled by positive feedback

Question 12

FSH and LH are produced by the:

A)Pancreas
B)Anterior pituitary gland
C)Pineal gland
D)Hypothalamus
E)Posterior pituitary gland

Question 13

The endocrine gland that produces primarily testosterone is the:

A)Testes
B)Pancreas
C)Parathyroid gland
D)Adrenal gland
E)Pineal gland

Question 14

An endocrine gland releases its product directly:

A)Into the digestive system
B)Onto an outer epithelial surface
C)Into the circulatory system
D)Into a body cavity
E)All are correct

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary endocrine product of the ovaries?

A)Estrogen
B)Follicle stimulating hormone
C)Progesterone and estrogen
D)Progesterone
E)Follicle stimulating hormone and estrogen

Question 16

Which of the following is not a correct statement?

A)Both the nervous system and the endocrine system use neurotransmitters to affect target cells
B)A nerve impulse is virtually instantaneous, but hormones take a considerable amount of time to exert their effects
C)Hormones and neurotransmitters may share the same target cell
D)A single neuron influences only a few cells at a time, whereas hormones circulate throughout the body in the blood
E)Some chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones

Question 17

The endocrine gland that produces melatonin is the:

A)Pancreas
B)Pineal gland
C)Parathyroid gland
D)Adrenal gland
E)Testes

Question 18

Peptide hormones are usually which of the following?

A)Bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell
B)Lipid-soluble
C)Water-soluble and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell
D)Water-soluble
E)Lipid-soluble and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm of a target cell

Question 19

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Testes
C)Gall bladder
D)Pineal gland
E)Adrenal gland

Question 20

Lipid-soluble steroid hormones are synthesized from ________________.

A)Cholesterol
B)Amino acids
C)Nucleotides
D)Proteins with large amounts of tryptophan
E)Sucrose

Question 21

Hyperthyroidism:

A)Is caused by iodine deficiency
B)Can cause elevated heart rate
C)Leads to weight gain
D)Is not a problem clinically
E)Is caused by removal of the thyroid

Question 22

Which of the following could occur in Type 2 diabetes?

A)A decrease in insulin secreted by the pancreas
B)A decrease in blood glucose
C)A decrease in blood insulin levels
D)A decrease in insulin receptors on muscle cells
E)A decrease in glucose secreted by muscle cells

Question 23

Which of the following is not a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary?

A)ADH
B)LH
C)FSH
D)TSH
E)ACTH

Question 24

Hypoglycemia is caused by:

A)Too much insulin being produced
B)Too little insulin being produced
C)Insufficient carbohydrate intake or too much insulin production
D)Insufficient carbohydrate intake
E)Insufficient carbohydrate intake or too little insulin production

Question 25

The hormone produced by the adrenal gland that constricts blood vessels and slows digestion is:

A)Calcitonin
B)Epinephrine
C)Insulin
D)Glucagon
E)Testosterone

Question 26

To prevent swollen thyroid glands many nations add iodine to:

A)Milk
B)Soda pop
C)Salt
D)Processed meats
E)Orange juice

Question 27

Insulin is a peptide hormone.Which of the following would occur in a muscle cell exposed to insulin?

A)Intracellular insulin levels would increase
B)Intracellular glucose levels would decrease
C)It would contract
D)It would secrete glucagon
E)Intracellular cAMP levels would increase

Question 28

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A)Insulin
B)TSH
C)Oxytocin
D)FSH
E)None of these are produced by the posterior pituitary gland

Question 29

Type II diabetes is strongly associated with:

A)Obesity
B)Old age
C)Premature infants
D)A suppressed immune system
E)Calcium deficiency

Question 30

People having severe allergic reactions to bee stings and specific foods should carry with them a self-injectable dose of:

A)Penicillin
B)Insulin
C)FSH
D)Epinephrine
E)Oxytocin

Question 31

A person suffering from acromegaly produces too much ___________ as a(an)______________.

A)Testosterone, child
B)Testosterone, adult
C)Growth hormone, child
D)Growth hormone, adult
E)Insulin, child

Question 32

A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as:

A)Hepatitis
B)Goiter
C)Acromegaly
D)Diabetes
E)Osteoporosis

Question 33

The hormone that stimulates glycogen to be broken down to glucose is:

A)Insulin
B)Calcitonin
C)Aldosterone
D)Glucagon
E)Melatonin

Question 34

The hormone oxytocin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _________________.

A)Hypothalamus, mammary glands
B)Anterior pituitary, mammary glands
C)Anterior pituitary, pancreas
D)Hypothalamus, pancreas
E)Posterior pituitary, mammary glands

Question 35

The hormone prolactin is produced by the _____________________ and targets the _______________.

A)Anterior pituitary, mammary glands
B)Anterior pituitary, pancreas
C)Posterior pituitary, kidney
D)Posterior pituitary, mammary glands
E)Posterior pituitary, pancreas

Question 36

The adrenal glands are located "on top" of:

A)The ovaries
B)The pancreas
C)The kidneys
D)The thyroid gland
E)The liver

Question 37

Insulin:

A)Is used to treat diabetes mellitus
B)Is produced by the pancreas
C)Is produced by Islets of Langerhans
D)Is produced by beta cells
E)All are correct

Question 38

If a physician recommends frequent small meals with low carbohydrate and high protein content,the patient most likely:

A)Suffers from hypoglycemia
B)Suffers from goiter
C)Suffers from osteoporosis
D)Suffers from hyperglycemia
E)Suffers from diverticulitis

Question 39

If a person requires insulin injections they most likely suffer from:

A)Type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia
B)Type 1 diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia
C)Type 1 diabetes mellitus
D)Hypoglycemia
E)Hyperglycemia

Question 40

The hormone that primarily maintains the composition of body fluids is:

A)ADH
B)Prolactin
C)Oxytocin
D)LH
E)TSH

Question 41

Some adult weight lifters dope with human growth hormone.What effect would this have on their bodies?

A)They would gain muscle
B)They would become taller
C)They would become smarter
D)They would become lighter and faster
E)Their limbs would become longer

Question 42

A decrease in LH would affect which of the following?

A)Milk secretion
B)Tissue growth
C)Blood pressure
D)Secretion of glucocorticoids
E)Ovulation

Question 43

Prednisone would be made from which of the following?

A)Amino acids
B)Cholesterol
C)Nucleotides
D)Proteins with large amounts of tryptophan
E)Sucrose

Question 44

Fish gills perform which of the following?

A)Exchange gasses
B)Absorb calcium
C)Secrete hormones
D)Exchange gasses and secrete hormones
E)Exchange gasses and absorb calcium

Question 45

Prolactinomas are the most common type of pituitary tumor.Symptoms of prolactinoma in women include infertility and atypical menstruation.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A)Increased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary
B)Increased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary
C)Decreased prolactin in the blood has a negative feedback on the pituitary
D)Decreased prolactin in the blood has a positive feedback on the pituitary

Question 46

How does a birth control pill prevent pregnancy?

A)By preventing the sperm from reaching the egg
B)By aborting the pregnancy after fertilization
C)By blocking ovulation
D)By blocking the production of estrogen and progesterone
E)By killing sperm

Question 47

Which organ was being affected by the BPA that lead to decreased LH in the blood?

A)Ovary
B)Kidney
C)Pituitary
D)Thyroid
E)Pancreas

Question 48

The parathyroid gland is a homologous structure to which of the following in a fish?

A)Gills
B)Fins
C)Lungs
D)Thyroid gland
E)Parathyroid gland

Question 49

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands located near the kidney.Yet pituitary tumors cause 70% of Cushing's syndrome cases.Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation?

A)The pituitary tumor releases extra ACTH which inhibits the adrenal gland
B)The pituitary tumor releases extra CRH which stimulates the adrenal gland
C)The pituitary tumor releases extra ACTH which stimulates the adrenal gland
D)The pituitary tumor releases extra CRH which inhibits the adrenal gland
E)The pituitary tumor also produces cortisol

Question 50

The antibody produced in Graves' disease would do which of the following?

A)Inhibit the thyroid from releasing thyroid hormone.
B)Stimulate the thyroid to release thyroid hormone.
C)Bind to thyroid hormone in the blood.
D)Destroy thyroid cells.
E)Enter the thyroid cell and move to the nucleus.

Question 51

Why don't patients with Grave's disease also have enlarged kidneys or livers?

A)These organs do not have the same neurons that stimulate the thyroid
B)These organs do not have TSH receptors on their cells
C)The blood flow to these organs is not the same as the flow to the thyroid
D)These organs are too far from the thyroid
E)They cannot produce TSH

Question 52

Prednisone would be most similar to which of the following?

A)Cortisol
B)Insulin
C)TRH
D)Oxytocin
E)Glucagon

Question 53

Which of the following would you expect in the blood of a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A)No change in either TSH and thyroid hormones
B)A decrease in both TSH and thyroid hormones
C)An increase in TSH and a decrease in thyroid hormones
D)An increase in both TSH and thyroid hormones
E)A decrease in TSH and an increase in thyroid hormones

Question 54

When blood glucose levels fall,which of the following will occur?

A)An increased secretion of insulin
B)An increased uptake of glucose by muscles
C)A decreased release of glucose by the liver
D)An increased secretion of glucagon
E)A decreased secretion of ACTH

Question 55

LH and FSH normally do which of the following?

A)Stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary
B)Inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the uterus
C)Inhibit estrogen and progesterone production by the pituitary
D)They have no effect on estrogen or progesterone production
E)Stimulate estrogen and progesterone production by the uterus

Question 56

BPA would be considered which of the following?

A)A neurotoxin
B)An endocrine disruptor
C)An antibiotic
D)A synthetic hormone
E)A positive feedback stimulator

Question 57

Estrogen and progesterone normally do which of the following?

A)Stimulate LH and FSH production by the uterus
B)Stimulate LH and FSH production by the pituitary
C)Inhibit LH and FSH production by the uterus
D)They have no effect on LH and FSH production
E)Inhibit LH and FSH production by the pituitary

Question 58

Which of the following could occur in Type 1 diabetes?

A)A decrease in insulin receptors on muscle cells
B)A decrease in blood glucose
C)A decrease in insulin levels inside muscle cells
D)A decrease in insulin secreted by the pancreas
E)A decrease in glucose secreted by muscle cells

Question 59

Hyperthyroidism could be triggered by which of the following?

A)Increased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production
B)Increased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production
C)Decreased pituitary activity or decreased thyroid hormone production
D)Decreased pituitary activity or increased thyroid hormone production
E)None of these are correct

Question 60

Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands located near the kidney.Yet pituitary tumors cause 70% of Cushing's syndrome cases.To test if a patient has a pituitary tumor,they are injected with CRH and cortisol levels measured.What will happen in a patient with a pituitary tumor?

A)ACTH will increase and cortisol will decrease
B)ACTH and cortisol will increase
C)ACTH and cortisol will decrease
D)ACTH will decrease and cortisol will increase
E)ACTH and cortisol will remain unchanged

Question 61

Endocrine cells secrete hormones into ducts that release the hormones into a body cavity.

Question 62

The pancreas functions as an endocrine gland by producing and secreting digestive enzymes.

Question 63

The presence of the Gcm-2 gene in zebrafish,chickens,mice,and humans suggests which of the following?

A)The gene arose multiple times with different functions
B)Genes can be exchanged between species
C)All vertebrates have the same set of genes
D)All four species have a common ancestor
E)The Gcm-2 gene is only found in vertebrates

Question 64

In Type II diabetes,specialized cells in the pancreas fail to produce insulin and release it into the blood stream.

Question 65

The hypothalamus links the nervous and endocrine systems by controlling pituitary secretions.

Question 66

Lipid-soluble hormones move easily through the cell membrane.

Question 67

Calcium concentrations in water are lower than in blood.How would calcium ions be taken up by the gills?

A)Osmosis
B)Active transport
C)Facilitated diffusion
D)Diffusion
E)Exocytosis

Question 68

All of our body's hormones are products of the endocrine system.

Question 69

Pharyngeal arches would be considered which of the following forms of evidence of evolution?

A)Homologous structures
B)Vestigial structures
C)Common embryonic structures
D)Analogous structures
E)Artificial structure

Question 70

If Gcm-2 mRNA was prevented from being translated in a mouse what would happen to blood calcium levels?

A)They would increase
B)They would decrease
C)They would stay the same

Question 71

When Gcm-2 mRNA was prevented from being translated what happened to the zebrafish?

A)They failed to develop a parathyroid
B)They failed to develop lungs
C)They failed to develop gills
D)They failed to develop a tail
E)No change occurred

Question 72

The human parathyroid gland regulates which of the following in the blood?

A)Calcium
B)Glucose
C)Insulin
D)Glucocorticoid
E)Melatonin

Question 73

The human parathyroid gland arises from which embryonic structure?

A)Lungs
B)Gills
C)Tail
D)Pharyngeal pouch
E)Thymus

Question 74

Gcm-2 is expressed during the development of the parathyroid in chickens,mice,and humans.Which of the following was observed in fish?

A)Gcm-2 was expressed in the tail
B)Gcm-2 was not expressed anywhere in the fish
C)Gcm-2 was expressed in the parathyroid
D)Gcm-2 was expressed in the lungs
E)Gcm-2 was expressed in the gills

Question 75

Neurotransmitters and hormones never share the same target cells.