Deck 14: Leadership in Organizational Settings

Question 1

Integrity,intelligence,and self-confidence are most closely related to the competency perspective of leadership.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Leaders do not exist in self-directed work teams.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Shared leadership is the view that anyone in the organization may be a leader in various ways and at various times.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Organizational behavior takes the view that leaders are people in management and other 'leadership' positions in the organization.

Question 5

Leadership is one of the most studied and most agreed upon concepts in organizational behavior.

Question 6

Research indicates that employees of task-oriented leaders have better performance and team dynamics but lower job satisfaction.

Question 7

Effective leaders are good at perceiving and expressing emotions,as well as regulating emotions in themselves and others.

Question 8

Leadership is the ability to influence,motivate,and enable others to contribute to organizational effectiveness.

Question 9

Research on the competency perspective of leadership has concluded that four traits are consistently strong predictors of effective leadership across most situations and industries.

Question 10

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership,people-oriented leadership is associated with higher employee performance and better team dynamics.

Question 11

Several large-scale studies have identified integrity as the most important leadership characteristic.

Question 12

The behavioral perspective of leadership focuses on the effectiveness of participative and achievement-oriented leadership styles.

Question 13

The behavioral perspective of leadership says that task-oriented leaders clarify duties and procedures,ensure that employees follow company rules and push them to reach their performance capacity.

Question 14

Effective leaders have "leadership motivation"; that is,they are motivated to be leaders.

Question 15

One implication of the leadership competency approach is that leadership is found among senior executives rather than people in lower-level positions.

Question 16

Self-confidence,integrity,knowledge of the business,and emotional intelligence are important leadership competencies.

Question 17

Path-goal theory has its roots in the expectancy theory of motivation.

Question 18

Leadership competencies identify leadership potential,not leadership performance.

Question 19

Leadership competencies or traits have been discussed since the beginning of recorded civilization.

Question 20

According to the behavioral perspective of leadership,task-oriented leadership is the opposite of people-oriented leadership.

Question 21

One limitation of path-goal theory of leadership is that it ignores the possibility that the best leadership style depends on the situation.

Question 22

Self-leadership replaces the need for formal leadership in self-directed work teams.

Question 23

According to path-goal leadership theory,directive leadership should never be applied to either experienced or inexperienced employees.

Question 24

The Hersey-Blanchard situational leadership model identifies the following four leadership styles: telling,selling,participating and delegating.

Question 25

One problem with path-goal leadership theory is that it ignores the philosophy of servant leadership.

Question 26

The achievement-oriented leadership style applies the goal-setting and self-fulfilling prophecy concepts.

Question 27

Fiedler's contingency model of leadership suggests that the best leadership style depends on the degree of power and influence the leader possesses in the situation.

Question 28

Servant leadership occurs when employees believe that their energy is put into serving their leader rather than accomplishing organizational objectives.

Question 29

Path-goal theory states that effective leaders have high emotional intelligence,integrity and motivation to become a leader.

Question 30

Servant leaders try to understand employee needs and facilitate their work performance.

Question 31

A unique feature of path-goal theory is that all of the contingencies are employee characteristics.

Question 32

The leadership substitutes model identifies ways to neutralize or replace transformational leaders in specific conditions.

Question 33

According to path-goal theory,supportive leadership is desirable for employees who work in teams with low cohesiveness.

Question 34

Path-goal leadership theory includes directive,supervisory,and integrity leadership styles.

Question 35

According to the leadership substitutes theory,characteristics of the employee,task,or organization limit the leader's influence or make it unnecessary.

Question 36

The situational leadership model states that a person's leadership style does not change,so we must put leaders in situations that match their natural style.

Question 37

Rather than changing the leader's style to fit the situation,it may be necessary to change the situation to fit the leader's dominant style.

Question 38

According to path-goal theory,directive leadership should be applied where the task is complex and the employee has an external locus of control.

Question 39

One problem with path-goal theory is that it is an extremely simple model of leadership relative to other leadership theories.

Question 40

According to path-goal theory,participative leadership should be applied where employees are skilled,experienced and work in routine tasks.

Question 41

Recent studies reveal that the concept and features of leadership are similar around the world.

Question 42

Transformational leaders shape a strategic vision of the future that focuses employees on a superordinate organizational goal.

Question 43

Charismatic leadership refers more to leader behaviors whereas transformational leadership refers mainly to personal traits that provide referent power over followers.

Question 44

Transformational leaders frame their vision by setting it aside until the time is right to introduce it again.

Question 45

The behavioral and contingency leadership theories adopt more of a transactional and less of a transformational perspective of leadership.

Question 46

Walking the talk assists organizational change by building trust in the leader.

Question 47

Charismatic leadership is a characteristic found mainly in transactional leaders.

Question 48

According to the textbook,charismatic leadership differs from transformational leadership.

Question 49

The implicit leadership perspective encourages potential leaders to act differently than what employees expect.

Question 50

Leaders have a difficult time getting due credit for their efforts because attribution errors cause followers to attribute organizational outcomes to the environment rather than the leader.

Question 51

One apparent problem with the transformational leadership perspective is that it still implies a universal rather than contingency approach to leadership.

Question 52

Expectancy theory and goal setting are the two main concepts behind the implicit leadership perspective of leadership.

Question 53

Transactional leaders are mainly change agents.

Question 54

Effective transformational leaders 'walk the talk' by making meeting agendas,work schedules and other executive symbols,patterns and settings more consistent with the strategic vision.

Question 55

Reward systems and employees' skills are substitutes for task-oriented leadership.

Question 56

The meaning of leadership is so different across cultures that there are no universal leadership characteristics.

Question 57

Effective transformational leaders build commitment towards the strategic vision by using words,symbols and stories that inspire and energize employees to adopt the vision as their own.

Question 58

Scholars recommend that transformational leadership should be used instead of transactional leadership.

Question 59

The implicit leadership perspective explains how perceptual processes cause people to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events.

Question 60

Cultural values shape the expectations that followers have of their leaders.

Question 61

Unlike earlier research on leadership traits,recent writing on leadership competencies has:

A) focused on a broader range of personal characteristics, such as knowledge and values.
B) concluded that leadership cannot be determined from an individual's competencies.
C) taken a contingency approach to leadership traits.
D) focused mainly on the personality traits and physical appearance of great leaders.
E) concluded that personal characteristics identify female leaders but not male leaders.

Question 62

Competency,contingency,implicit,and transformational represent four of the main:

A) sources of organizational power.
B) perspectives of leadership.
C) forms of employee involvement.
D) process theories of motivation.
E) levels of media richness in communication.

Question 63

Which of the following competencies is NOT a characteristic of effective leaders?

A) Effective leaders have a high need for personalized power.
B) Effective leaders have a strong belief in their leadership abilities.
C) Effective leaders have a high level of emotional intelligence.
D) Effective leaders have a high degree of integrity.
E) Effective leaders have above average cognitive intelligence.

Question 64

According to recent writing on the subject,which of the following competencies is characteristic of effective leaders?

A) High need for achievement.
B) Motivation to become a leader.
C) High confidence in their leadership ability.
D) High integrity
E) All of these are leadership competencies.

Question 65

Which of these statements about leadership is FALSE?

A) Anyone may be a leader at an appropriate time and place.
B) Leaders use power and persuasion to get others to achieve organizational objectives.
C) In the 1940s, leadership experts identified seven competencies that are consistently associated with effective leadership.
D) Effective leaders provide an environment for followers to achieve team or organizational objectives.
E) Organizational behavior scholars have studied leadership from several different perspectives.

Question 66

The competency (trait)perspective takes the view that:

A) effective leadership involves being both task-oriented and people-oriented.
B) the best leadership style depends on the situation.
C) introducing specific environmental conditions can replace the need for leaders.
D) leadership is a characteristic of the person.
E) people tend to inflate the importance of leadership in explaining organizational events.

Question 67

How does self-monitoring personality relate to leadership?

A) It is easier to be an effective leader when subordinates have low self-monitoring personalities.
B) Leaders are more likely to be effective if they have a low self-monitoring personality.
C) It is easier to be an effective leader when subordinates have high self-monitoring personalities.
D) High self-monitors are more likely to emerge as effective leaders.
E) None of these statements is accurate.

Question 68

Research indicates that male and female leaders do not differ in their levels of task-oriented and people-oriented leadership.

Question 69

The emerging expectations of effective leaders are inconsistent with how many women prefer to lead.

Question 70

The competency (trait)perspective of leadership:

A) states that leadership exists mainly in the perceptions of followers.
B) is often applied by organizations when selecting executives and future leaders.
C) is the most recently developed perspective of leadership.
D) states that the most appropriate leadership style depends on the situation.
E) lays the foundation for the contingency perspective of leadership.

Question 71

Which of these statements about leadership is TRUE?

A) Leadership includes the process of influencing others.
B) Leadership includes actions that change the work environment so that employees are better able to achieve team or organizational objectives.
C) Leadership applies to people in any position in the organization, not just those in executive positions.
D) All of these statements are true.
E) None of these statements is true.

Question 72

The competency perspective of leadership:

A) is one of the most recently studied perspectives of leadership.
B) is no longer accepted as an approach to understanding leadership in organizations.
C) takes a contingency approach by identifying the best leadership competencies under different conditions.
D) is both one of the most recently studied perspectives of leadership AND is no longer accepted as an approach to understanding leadership in organizations.
E) None of these statements accurately describes the competency perspective.

Question 73

Which leadership perspective takes the view that leadership is a characteristic of the person?

A) Transactional perspective of leadership.
B) Competency (trait) perspective of leadership.
C) Behavioral perspective of leadership.
D) Path-goal leadership.
E) All of these take the view that leadership is a characteristic of the person.

Question 74

Which of the following best summarizes research on the competency (trait)perspective of leadership?

A) Effective leaders tend to have a few common values and abilities, such as drive, intelligence and integrity.
B) Competencies have no importance in identifying effective leaders.
C) Leadership scholars have identified at least two dozen competencies that are clearly related to effective leadership.
D) The competency perspective of leadership has evolved into a sophisticated contingency-oriented model.
E) A few physical appearance traits (e.g. height) are good predictors of leadership effectiveness.

Question 75

Drive,integrity,and emotional intelligence are identified in the textbook as:

A) substitutes for leadership.
B) the main elements of situational leadership theory.
C) competencies of effective leaders.
D) contingencies in path-goal theory.
E) the characteristics of female leaders that are not found in male leaders.

Question 76

What is the relevance of emotional intelligence in leadership?

A) Emotional intelligence is one of the most frequently identified contingencies of employees when choosing the best leadership style.
B) Emotional intelligence is one of the competencies of effective leaders.
C) Emotional intelligence is the psychological condition that makes people want to believe that leaders make a difference.
D) Researchers who conduct leadership studies tend to have a higher level of emotional intelligence than researchers who study other organizational behavior topics.
E) Emotional intelligence is not relevant to the study of leadership.

Question 77

Recent leadership writing suggests that emotional intelligence:

A) is the only trait that distinguishes effective from ineffective leaders.
B) is an important characteristic of effective leaders.
C) is less important than early writing on leadership traits had assumed.
D) is unrelated to effective leadership.
E) is currently unimportant, but will become an important leadership trait as the workforce ages and jobs become less production-oriented.

Question 78

Women tend to use the participative leadership style less often than do men.

Question 79

Effective leaders:

A) help groups of people define their goals.
B) use power and persuasion to ensure that followers have the motivation and role clarity to achieve specified goals.
C) arrange the work environment so that employees can achieve corporate objectives more easily.
D) do all of these.
E) do none of these.

Question 80

Which of these is NOT explicitly identified in the textbook as a leadership perspective?

A) Attitudinal.
B) Contingency.
C) Transformational.
D) Implicit.
E) Competency.