Deck 14: The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

In The Subjection of Women,John Stuart Mill argued that

A)just like in business,a rare few people succeed,while most fail;thus,in life,women had no right to ask for the vote.
B)in a free market society,where everyone had a fair shot to compete,women should be able to compete with men as equals.
C)women's inferiority was ordained by God in Christian sacred texts.
D)just like great wealth was built by subjecting people to serfdom and slavery,the new economy required the subjection of women.
E)women had to fight dynamically for their rights,just as the third estate did in 1789.

Answer 1

in a free market society,where everyone had a fair shot to compete,women should be able to compete with men as equals.

Question 2

Unlike the traditional classes (clergy,nobility,peasants/third estate)the bourgeoisie

A)was not legally defined,but rather a position to be gained through hard work or lost through idleness.
B)had no rights.
C)could not be represented in government.
D)was a closed class (one was born into it).
E)was defined by extreme wealth.

Answer 2

was not legally defined,but rather a position to be gained through hard work or lost through idleness.

Question 3

What was one reason France was not as industrialized as Britain?

A)The French were not as inventive.
B)France had few natural resources.
C)France had natural resources but not know-how.
D)France's coal deposits were less rich and more dispersed.
E)France was (more or less)as much industrialized as Britain.

Answer 3

France's coal deposits were less rich and more dispersed.

Question 4

In Principles of Political Economy,John Stuart Mill

A)called for the uprising of workers to achieve better working conditions.
B)agreed with Adam Smith that the "invisible hand of the market" should be setting wages for workers.
C)agreed with Adam Smith that workers should not be overpaid but instead of market forces he claimed that God was in charge.
D)disagreed with Adam Smith and called for the government to help the workers.
E)asserted that the government should set prices and wages.

Question 5

Who were the "petty bourgeoisie"?

A)the old (pre-1789)middle class
B)the new (post-1789)middle class
C)the French middle class
D)the wealthy members of the middle class
E)the lower level of the middle class (shopkeepers,school teachers,etc. )

Question 6

What best describes the economic policy of the British government during the early nineteenth century?

A)Make no laws that might interfere with trade and industry.
B)While the government did not interfere directly in business,it did pass laws to promote trade and industry.
C)The government regulated trade and industry to a large degree.
D)Conservatives supported industry,but liberals were less interested.
E)The monarchy and Parliament came to an agreement on trade policy.

Question 7

Did urbanization have a geographical pattern?

A)No.It was the result of lack of natural resources,and appeared with no clear pattern.
B)Yes.Britain and Belgium urbanized faster than France and Germany.
C)Yes.There was more industry in the West,but better agricultural practices were in the East.
D)Yes.There were larger cities and more prosperous industry in northern Europe.
E)Yes.There was a clear difference between heavy industry in northern Europe (steel production)and light industry (cotton)in southern Europe.

Question 8

What was the goal of public schools created in France during the nineteenth century?

A)to educate the elite
B)to educate the working class
C)to homogenize learning by teaching the three Rs
D)to lessen the influence of the Church and teach young children secular,nationalist values
E)to create more good jobs for teachers who were part of the petty bourgeoisie

Question 9

During the Industrial Revolution,there was a spike in the number of prostitutes.How did governments deal with the issue?

A)They ignored it.
B)They treated it as a necessary evil that needed regulation.
C)They considered it a private matter;the government taxed the income from prostitution but otherwise left it alone.
D)They outlawed it in most Western European countries.
E)They celebrated it for its service of keeping the traditional family united.

Question 10

In Essay on Government,James Mill

A)asserted that the British constitutional monarch should become the referee between factory owners and workers.
B)denounced nobles for selfish attention to their landed interests.
C)called on Parliament to regulate the economy.
D)called on the powers that be to create a new governing system appropriate for the new industrial age.
E)advocated for universal voting rights as the poor working class had become the engine of the new economy.

Question 11

The Industrial Revolution changed the mode of production from small workshops to big factories.In the process,many craftsmen lost their jobs and reacted by attacking factories and breaking machinery.In Great Britain,those people were known as

A)common criminals.
B)saboteurs.
C)wreckers.
D)Luddites.
E)union thugs.

Question 12

How did Prussia successfully develop industry?

A)They had more natural resources than any other German state.
B)They attacked,conquered,and exploited other states.
C)The Prussian government became directly involved and helped finance,promote,and manage the economy.
D)Prussia became the first socialist state.
E)The government stayed completely out of the economy.

Question 13

The nineteenth century witnessed a larger number of women entering the workplace.The largest category of female employment was in

A)factories.
B)large farms.
C)prostitution.
D)service professions (nurses,teachers,etc. ).
E)domestic service.

Question 14

What was one result of the decision of wealthy landowners in southern and eastern England to begin using threshing machines in the early nineteenth century?

A)Many hired hands were left without work.
B)More free peasants had access to land.
C)A new class of professional engineers was created in order to service the machines.
D)Peasants gained civil and sometimes even political rights.
E)There was very little change in everyday life.

Question 15

Starting in the eighteenth century and continuing in the nineteenth,the population of Europe increased considerably.Among the reasons for the increase was

A)that infant mortality became extremely rare.
B)a dramatic rise in the birth rate.
C)a large number of immigrants.
D)a smaller number of people emigrating.
E)improvements in vaccination and public health.

Question 16

If hard work was considered a middle-class virtue,why were middle-class women discouraged from working outside of the home?

A)Middle-class women were supposed to be "angels," safely taking care of the family at home.Working outside the home was the working-class woman's sphere and carried suspicion of immoral behavior.
B)Women were seen as classless;only men could achieve the label of "middle class" or "upper class."
C)Middle-class women did not have the skills required to work.
D)Life outside of the home was dangerous.
E)Having both spouses work increased the family's tax liability.

Question 17

In On Liberty,John Stuart Mill

A)proclaimed economic liberalism the ideal system.
B)proclaimed the British and American systems of government ideal.
C)argued that the individual is the best judge of his or her own interests.
D)traced the evolution of modern political systems from the 1688 Glorious Revolution through the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.
E)compared the notions of liberty of his day with those of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Question 18

When it came to industry,

A)Britain was known for manufacturing cotton goods while France manufactured luxury goods.
B)France was known for mining iron and Britain for mining coal.
C)Britain and France competed to build the most extensive railroads.
D)France and Britain had come to an agreement not to compete directly.
E)France produced and marketed wine while Britain produced beer.

Question 19

What was the main message of The Enfranchisement of Women?

A)Women were not ready for political rights yet.
B)Political rights for women were a complex issue needing more study.
C)Considering anyone inferior strictly because of gender,and thus not able to vote,was a great injustice.
D)Women in Western Europe were ready for political rights,but those in the East had to educate themselves first.
E)Upper- and middle-class women had the property and education to make them worthy of the right to vote,but working-class women did not.

Question 20

What was the reason for contraception and family planning among the middle class during the Industrial Revolution?

A)People had too many children already.
B)People could not afford large families.
C)The government encouraged it.
D)People wanted to make sure that their children would have a secure future.
E)Some Christian churches became more liberal.

Question 21

What factors caused the Industrial Revolution to begin earlier in Britain than in France,the German states,Russia,or Spain?

Question 22

How were the utopian societies envisioned by Charles Fourier,Etienne Cabet,and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon critiques of nineteenth-century industrial capitalism?

Question 23

Robert Owen was

A)a Protestant clergyman who embraced communism.
B)a philosopher.
C)an early pragmatic socialist.
D)an industrialist and philanthropist.
E)an uneducated peasant who could converse with well-educated philosophers.

Question 24

Karl Marx was

A)a utopian socialist.
B)a practical socialist.
C)a scientific socialist.
D)an anarchist.
E)a left-wing liberal.

Question 25

Etienne Cabet's Voyage to Icaria

A)is a story about life among the Greeks of the island of Icaria.
B)describes a future life in which the rich few oppress the multitudes of poor workers.
C)describes a future in which a well-organized society provides a great life for all.
D)is a call for an uprising and the takeover of society by the workers.
E)is the first feminist work written by a man.

Question 26

A well-known socialist,Count Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon,argued that in the future,society will be structured

A)in a hierarchy of productivity.
B)in a hierarchy of blood.
C)in a hierarchy of status.
D)in a hierarchy of money.
E)in a hierarchy of knowledge.

Question 27

Some early socialists,mainly French,tried to envision a better future combining all the positive elements of industrialization without its negative aspects.They were known as

A)free market capitalists.
B)liberals.
C)utopian socialists.
D)social democrats.
E)communists.