Deck 18: The Progressive ERA, 1900-1916

Question 1

In the early twentieth century, the Socialist Party advocated for all of the following EXCEPT:

A) free college education.
B) legislation to improve the condition of laborers.
C) public ownership of railroads.
D) national health insurance.
E) public ownership of factories.

Answer 1

national health insurance.

Question 2

Most new immigrants who arrived during the early years of the twentieth century:

A) learned English immediately.
B) planned to remain in the United States temporarily.
C) generally earned lower wages in America than in their former homelands.
D) dominated skilled and supervisory jobs.
E) lived in close-knit communities.

Answer 2

lived in close-knit communities.

Question 3

How did "nickelodeons" reflect a mass consumption society in the Progressive era?

A) Amusement parks and dance halls had lost considerable popularity by this time.
B) Nickelodeons offered elite theater-goers a high-brow alternative to vaudeville shows.
C) Nickelodeons offered a popular and less-expensive leisure activity for urban residents.
D) Nickelodeon shows quickly became widely available, thus providing entertainment to small-town residents.

Answer 3

Nickelodeons offered a popular and less-expensive leisure activity for urban residents.

Question 4

How did mass consumption in the Progressive era result in new consumer freedoms?

A) Farmers in the heartland had more time and money to attend nickelodeon shows.
B) Department stores provided city residents access to electric washing machines and vacuum cleaners.
C) Mass-produced radios were able to advertise the availability of new factory products.
D) A and B only
E) None of these answers.

Question 5

By 1912, the Socialist Party:

A) appealed only to immigrants.
B) appealed only to industrial workers.
C) had elected scores of local officials.
D) was concentrated in New York City.
E) had yet to elect a member to Congress.

Question 6

The writer whose work encouraged the passage of the Meat Inspection Act was:

A) Henry George.
B) Theodore Dreiser.
C) Upton Sinclair.
D) Ida Tarbell.
E) Lincoln Steffens.

Question 7

Why did workers experience the introduction of scientific management as a loss of freedom?

A) Scientific management typically lowered wages.
B) Workers had to work longer hours under scientific management.
C) Safety conditions worsened when companies introduced scientific management.
D) Skilled workers under scientific management had to obey very detailed instructions.
E) Foremen tended to drive workers with more brute force under scientific management.

Question 8

Why was "the city" the focus of progressive politics?

A) The mostly urban immigrant populations wielded significant political clout there.
B) Populists had largely solved the problems that had plagued rural Americans.
C) The overwhelming majority of Americans lived in cities.
D) Urban populations experienced the most dramatic growth and the most significant changes.
E) Progressives were particularly fond of new urban entertainments like dance halls and nickelodeons.

Question 9

The word "Progressivism" came into common use around 1910:

A) as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement.
B) as an antibusiness term.
C) denoting a group that appealed only to women.
D) as another term for socialism.
E) and represented those who advocated revolution.

Question 10

Industrial freedom in the Progressive era meant:

A) a rise in union activism.
B) a loss of personal autonomy for skilled workers now under "scientific management."
C) a push by corporations for greater worker input in locating factories and distributing profits.
D) A and B
E) None of the above.

Question 11

The Triangle Shirtwaist fire:

A) was the worst fire in U.S. history.
B) brought in its wake much-needed safety legislation.
C) destroyed the business, but there were no casualties.
D) occurred during the Uprising of the 20,000.
E) resulted in laws that banned all manufacturing in New York.

Question 12

During the Progressive era:

A) new immigration from southern and eastern Europe reached its peak.
B) overall immigration declined dramatically.
C) the main point of entry for European immigrants was Boston.
D) the vast majority of immigrants came from Ireland.
E) all immigration was banned.

Question 13

During the Progressive era:

A) growing numbers of native-born white women worked as domestics.
B) most African-American women worked in factories.
C) most eastern European immigrant women worked as telephone operators.
D) growing numbers of native-born white women worked in offices.
E) the number of married women working declined.

Question 14

Working women experienced new freedoms in the Progressive era because:

A) young immigrant factory workers gained independence from the traditional control of their fathers.
B) employment opened up to married white women.
C) wages rose significantly for domestics, factory workers, and office employees.
D) A and B only

Question 15

The term "Fordism":

A) refers to Henry Ford's invention of the automobile.
B) was used by labor unions, who hailed Ford's innovative approach.
C) describes an economic system based on limited production of high-end goods.
D) refers to Henry Ford's effort to organize workers into a union.
E) describes an economic system based on mass production and mass consumption.

Question 16

The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of what?

A) A mature consumer economy.
B) The powerful influence of labor unions.
C) An increasingly diverse society.
D) The power of monopolistic corporations.
E) An effective nationwide advertising campaign.

Question 17

Progressive-era immigration was part of a larger process of worldwide migration set in motion by all of the following forces EXCEPT:

A) the annexation of the Philippines.
B) industrial expansion.
C) the decline of traditional agriculture.
D) widespread poverty in rural southern and eastern Europe and parts of Asia.
E) political turmoil.

Question 18

Birds of passage were:

A) immigrants who planned on returning to their homeland.
B) single women who worked until they got married.
C) strikebreakers who were sent in by factory owners.
D) stowaways on passenger ships, attempting to immigrate to America.
E) immigrants who visited settlement houses for temporary help.

Question 19

Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as:

A) yellow journalists.
B) trustees.
C) social reformers.
D) muckrakers.
E) freelancers.

Question 20

Asian and Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century:

A) clustered in the South as agricultural workers.
B) clustered in the West as agricultural workers.
C) were much more welcome than European immigrants.
D) were prohibited from entering the United States.
E) outnumbered southern and eastern European immigrants.

Question 21

All of the following is true of the Oregon System EXCEPT:

A) lt included the direct primary to choose candidates for political office.
B) lt was developed by Oregon lawyer, William U'Ren.
C) lt resulted in the failure to pass woman suffrage legislation in Oregon.
D) lt included the initiative and referendum, which enabled voters to propose and vote on laws.

Question 22

Feminism:

A) represented only the struggle for women's suffrage.
B) was concerned only with economic issues.
C) sought to attack the traditional roles of sexual behavior for women.
D) sought to maintain the traditional roles of sexual behavior for women.
E) argued that women should not have to work.

Question 23

All of the following statements about urban Progressives are true EXCEPT:

A) they worked to reform the structure of government.
B) they sought to establish public control of gas and water works.
C) they raised taxes to increase spending on schools and parks.
D) they sought to improve public transportation.
E) they worked with political machines.

Question 24

Why did the Socialist Party gain significant political influence during the Progressive era?

A) Popular politicians, such as Theodore Roosevelt, spoke about socialism's merits.
B) Jewish and other immigrant laborers across the country supported its fight against economic exploitation of workers.
C) Party leaders promised working-class Irish voters that they would not supplant machine politics.
D) Socialist Party candidates promised to run exclusively for state and local offices.

Question 25

The battle for free speech among workers in the early twentieth century:

A) was led by the American Federation of Labor.
B) was led by the Industrial Workers of the World.
C) was not an issue of concern to most workers.
D) was insignificant because the courts consistently supported workers' rights to assemble, organize, and spread their views.
E) was never successful on the local level.

Question 26

Which statement about the textile strike in Lawrence, Massachusetts, in 1912 is FALSE?

A) The strike demonstrated that workers sought the opportunity to enjoy the finer things in life.
B) The strike was in response to a reduction in weekly wages.
C) The strikers asked the American Federation of Labor for assistance.
D) Children of the striking workers publicly marched up New York's Fifth Avenue.
E) The strike was settled on the workers' terms.

Question 27

After 1900, the campaign for women's suffrage:

A) maintained an increasingly elitist approach.
B) included both middle- and working-class women.
C) stagnated.
D) was most successful in the Northeast.
E) was fought only on the federal level.

Question 28

Which statement about the American Federation of Labor in the early twentieth century is FALSE?

A) The AFL represented skilled workers only.
B) AFL membership tripled between 1900 and 1904.
C) The AFL forged closer ties with corporate leaders to stabilize employee relations.
D) The AFL established pension plans for long-term workers.
E) The AFL proposed an overthrow of the capitalist system.

Question 29

Which of the following contradictions plagued progressive reformers' ideas on the political process?

A) They rejected party labels but were themselves highly partisan politicians.
B) They took every opportunity to disclose scandals in muckraking magazines, but also called for a restriction of free speech.
C) They recorded the votes of nativists, but promised more liberal reforms on immigration.
D) They worked both to expand the electorate and shrink its size through other measures.
E) They believed in the civil rights of children, but refused to reduce the voting age to sixteen.

Question 30

What brought about a new wave of sympathy for the plight of women in the garment industry in Lawrence, Massachusetts?

A) The city had extended maximum working hours for garment workers.
B) The police of Lawrence had severely beaten striking women.
C) The AFL had negotiated a sham contract for Lawrence's garment factories.
D) The police had forced the children of Lawrence to leave town.
E) The appearance of malnourished children evacuated from Lawrence shocked the public.

Question 31

Why did Samuel Gompers seek to forge closer ties with forward-looking corporate leaders?

A) He wanted to establish employer-financed health care.
B) He wanted to work his way into circles of political influence.
C) He wanted to stabilize employer-employee relations.
D) He hoped to win their support for the nationalization of large industries.
E) He wanted to explore his own new personal business opportunities.

Question 32

Why did Carlos Montezuma call for the abolition of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1916?

A) The Bureau used heavy handed tactics in collecting taxes.
B) The Bureau was under the influence of a rival tribal leader.
C) The Bureau had failed to secure Indian self- determination.
D) The Bureau failed to offer Native Americans equal employment opportunities.
E) The Bureau refused to enforce prohibition on Indian reservations.

Question 33

Why did businesses support the Pure Food and Drug Act?

A) They understood that they were liable if they injured the health of consumers with spoiled products.
B) They wanted to protect their workers from spoiled foods.
C) They saw their own market share dwindle as superior European foods grew more popular.
D) They understood that greater public confidence in the quality of the products helped their sales.
E) Businesses were concerned about the health and welfare of their workers.

Question 34

John Muir did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) lament the intrusions of civilization on the natural environment.
B) call forests "God's first temples".
C) attract very few followers with his message about the spirituality of nature.
D) found the Sierra Club.

Question 35

The Industrial Workers of the World:

A) represented skilled workers only.
B) was led by Eugene Debs.
C) organized only women workers.
D) was a union within the American Federation of Labor.
E) advocated a workers' revolution.

Question 36

Electoral reform during the Progressive era:

A) expanded the electorate significantly.
B) had little impact, especially in the cities.
C) enfranchised African-Americans.
D) actually limited many Americans' right to vote.
E) did away with all residency requirements for voting.

Question 37

Why did progressive reformers think they had much to learn from the Old World?

A) British legislators were far more advanced in their thoughts on racial diversity.
B) The French had built a strong reputation in the field of rehabilitative prison programs.
C) The Italians had introduced a series of legislation securing equal rights for women.
D) Germans had pioneered several measures of social legislation.
E) Russian bureaucrats had innovated ecumenical churches that offered welfare programs.

Question 38

What were the characteristics of the Progressive era's birth-control movement?

A) Public lectures on sexual freedom and contraception by activists such as Emma Goldman.
B) Little beyond reassuring women they had the right to refuse their husband's sexual advances.
C) The distribution of birth-control devices by Margaret Sanger.
D) A belief in a woman's right to an active sexual life, but only in conjunction with childbearing.
E) A and C

Question 39

In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court:

A) refused to limit work hours for male bakers.
B) argued that women were too weak to work long hours.
C) outlawed child labor for children under the age of sixteen.
D) gave labor the right to strike.
E) validated the liberty of contract.

Question 40

Progressive governor of Wisconsin, Robert La Follette, instituted all of the following reforms EXCEPT:

A) utilizing primary elections to select candidates.
B) taxing corporate wealth.
C) regulating railroads and utilities.
D) drawing on nonpartisan university faculty.
E) promising lower taxes and less government interference.

Question 41

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Robert M. La Follette

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 42

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Margaret Sanger

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 43

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
John Mitchell

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 44

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Fordism

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 45

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
settlement house

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 46

The Sixteenth Amendment:

A) called for the direct election of senators.
B) authorized Congress to implement a graduated income tax.
C) granted women the right to vote.
D) prohibited the use and sale of alcohol.
E) instituted the initiative, referendum, and recall.

Question 47

Why were many Americans drawn to the Socialist Party in the election of 1912?

A) Its presidential candidate was a southerner, Eugene V. Debs, who could appeal to both blacks and whites.
B) A very large minority of Americans were willing to abolish the capitalistic system altogether.
C) Americans looked with jealousy at the equality and prosperity that reigned in social democracies like Great Britain and Germany.
D) Eugene Debs had been a popular movie star and entertainer before he ran on the Socialist Party ticket.
E) The party's proposal to nationalize railroads, banks, and to provide unemployment relief expressed popular progressive thought.

Question 48

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Henry Ford

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 49

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Bill Haywood

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 50

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Eugene Debs

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 51

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 52

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Jane Addams

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 53

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Louis Brandeis

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 54

What about Woodrow Wilson appeared to Theodore Roosevelt's supporters like a relic of the past?

A) In his speeches, Wilson spoke about "waiving the bloody shirt" and invoked the divisions of the Civil War.
B) Wilson frequently reminded Americans of the noble goals of the populist movement of the 1890s.
C) Wilson spoke too much about the mistakes he thought Republicans had made in the past, such as the annexation of the Philippines.
D) Wilson was committed to programs that aided small businessmen and seemed to deny the inevitability of economic concentration.
E) Wilson's wife and many children made him look rural and unsophisticated, in contrast to the urban-based supporters of Roosevelt.

Question 55

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Sixteenth Amendment

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 56

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Upton Sinclair

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 57

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Theodore Roosevelt

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 58

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
New Freedom

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 59

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Fredrick Taylor

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 60

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
John Muir

A)scientific management
B)birth-control movement
C)Industrial Workers of the World
D)Supreme Court justice
E)Hull House
F)United Mine Workers
G)moving assembly line
H)Wisconsin Progressive
I)Socialist leader
J)Square Deal
K)Women and Economics
L)Sierra Club

Question 61

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Seventeenth Amendment

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 62

During the Progressive era, the working woman became a symbol of female emancipation.

Question 63

Henry Ford paid his employees five dollars a day because he wished to avoid strikes at his factory.

Question 64

In 1912, the socialist weekly newspaper, Appeal to Reason, was the largest paper in the country.

Question 65

Socialism flourished in places such as Milwaukee and New York during the first two decades of the twentieth century.

Question 66

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Federal Reserve Act

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 67

Louis Brandeis was an enemy of the labor movement and led the Supreme Court in its many pro-business decisions.

Question 68

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
muckraker

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 69

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Angel Island

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 70

The ability to buy consumer goods had nothing to do with the Progressive-era union fight for higher wages.

Question 71

Margaret Sanger was sentenced to a month in jail for opening a clinic in Brooklyn that distributed birth control devices to poor immigrant women.

Question 72

The doors were locked at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company on the day of the fire because the manager tragically forgot to unlock them when he arrived in the morning.

Question 73

Compared to the American Federation of Labor, the Industrial Workers of the World union was conservative for its day.

Question 74

Socialism had made such inroads in popularity that by 1914 the U.S. Congress had a socialist representative.

Question 75

Drawing on the reform programs of the Gilded Age and the example of European legislation, Progressives sought to reinvigorate the idea of an activist, socially conscious government.

Question 76

Progressive-era immigration formed part of a larger process of worldwide migration set in motion by industrial expansion and the decline of traditional agriculture.

Question 77

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Muller v. Oregon

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 78

One particularly influential muckraker was Ida Tarbell, whose book, History of the Standard Oil Company, appeared in 1904.

Question 79

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
Appeal to Reason

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign

Question 80

Match the person or term with the with the correct description.
New Nationalism

A)The Jungle
B)direct election of senators
C)Socialist newspaper
D)limited working hours for women
E)writer or journalist
F)mass production and consumption
G)West Coast immigration center
H)aid to immigrants
I)twelve regional banks
J)Roosevelt's campaign
K)graduated income tax
L)Wilson's campaign