Deck 35: Populations and Communities

Question 1

When the growth rate of a population tapers off at a certain point and remains at the same point indefinitely,the population is said to have reached the:

A) biotic potential
B) lag phase
C) maximum population size
D) carrying capacity

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the different kinds of interacting organisms living within a certain area make up a:

A) population
B) ecosystem
C) community
D) species

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The term "ecology" was first used by:

A) Eugene P.Odum
B) Thoreau
C) Charles Darwin
D) Ernst Haeckel
E) Alfred Russell Wallace

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_______________ is the consuming of one organism by another.

Question 5

Populations of different species that live together in the same place are called ________.

Question 6

A type of symbiosis in which one species benefits from the relationship while the other neither benefits nor is harmed is called:

A) parasitism
B) mutualism
C) commensalism
D) benefitism

Question 7

A tropical forest and desert would be examples of:

A) communities
B) biomes
C) biospheres
D) populations
E) ecosystem

Question 8

Which type of symbiosis would exist between a tapeworm living in a human host using its nutrients for its own gain and detriment to the host?

A) parasitism
B) mutualism
C) commensalism
D) benefitism

Question 9

A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called ___________.

Question 10

______________ are the fundamental units of ecology.

Question 11

All of the members of an interbreeding group of organisms in a local area make up a(n):

A) population
B) ecosystem
C) race
D) community

Question 12

Major terrestrial assemblages with similarly adapted plants,animals,and microorganisms that occur over wide geographical areas with distinct physical characteristics are referred to as ______________.

Question 13

When population growth rate = rN,this type of growth can be called:

A) logistic growth
B) sigmoid growth
C) exponential growth
D) growth at the carrying capacity

Question 14

When a population reaches the carrying capacity of its habitat,the effects of crowding can be felt.Which of the following is NOT a density-dependent effect?

A) Increased migration
B) Increased time spent searching for food
C) Increased aggression
D) Increased rate of reproduction

Question 15

From the list that follows choose the adaptation characteristic of K-selected populations.

A) Short lifespan
B) High mortality rate
C) Little to no parental care
D) Late age of first reproduction

Question 16

A biome is a community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts.

Question 17

A _____________ ecologist would be interested in how biological communities interact with their physical environment.

Question 18

Predators can drive their prey to extinction unless the prey has:

A) refuges in which to hide
B) better genes than the predator
C) the ability to turn the tables on the predator and become predators itself
D) the opportunity to stop the competition between them for resources

Question 19

The rate at which a population can increase when food and habitat are limitless is called:

A) population expansion
B) sigmoid growth
C) logistic growth
D) the biotic potential

Question 20

A community and the nonliving factors with which it interacts is called a(n):

A) biome
B) biosphere
C) ecosystem
D) community
E) population

Question 21

All of the following are characteristics of an r-selected population except:

A) short life span
B) no parental care
C) extensive homeostatic capacity
D) early age of reproduction
E) many offspring produced

Question 22

Species that live in the same geographical area are called sympatric.

Question 23

According to the logistic growth model,as N approaches K:

A) growth rate increases
B) growth rate begins to slow
C) growth rate stabilizes
D) there will be less competition for resources

Question 24

A snake that has evolved to look similar to a branch will probably be able to avoid:

A) predation
B) parasitism
C) competition
D) mutualism
E) the sun's rays

Question 25

After much study,ecologists have come to the conclusion that competitive exclusion:

A) occurs rather frequently in nature
B) occurs more frequently on islands than on the mainland
C) occurs more frequently in tropical habitats than temperate ones
D) occurs very rarely in nature

Question 26

Cattle egrets have a ________ relationship with African Cape Buffaloes.

A) parasitic
B) commensalistic
C) competitive
D) predator-prey

Question 27

Which of the following tends to happen as a population approaches its carrying capacity?

A) increased competition for food
B) increased competition for shelter
C) increased competition for mating sites
D) increased competition for light
E) All of the choices are correct.

Question 28

Lice and their relationship with mammals is an example of what type of relationship?

A) Parasitism
B) Commensalism
C) Mutualism
D) Predator-prey relationship

Question 29

The entire range of factors an organism has available to exploit in its habitat is its:

A) niche
B) realized niche
C) fundamental niche
D) expansion niche

Question 30

An experiment that was conducted by Gause in the 1930s with Paramecium clearly demonstrated:

A) exploitative competition
B) interference competition
C) competitive exclusion
D) fundamental competition

Question 31

Choose the best definition of a community.

A) All of the organisms plus the nonliving habitat
B) Living organisms and soil
C) The dominant organisms in an area
D) All of the organisms in an area

Question 32

If you remove mountain lions from their habitat and the diversity of other species decreases,the mountain lion was likely a:

A) carnivore
B) producer
C) predator
D) commensal species
E) prey

Question 33

What type of survivorship curve is typical of many oyster species?

A) Type I
B) Type II
C) Type III
D) None of these are correct.

Question 34

______________ serves to narrow niche breadth.

A) Competition
B) Predation
C) Symbiosis
D) Commensalism

Question 35

_____________ species avoid competition by living in different portions of the habitat or using different resources.

A) Sympatric
B) Allopatric
C) Co-evolved
D) Predator

Question 36

Succession that occurs on abandoned agricultural fields is best described as:

A) primary succession
B) secondary succession
C) biome succession
D) prairie succession

Question 37

Why don't many successions reach the climax community status?

A) Because animals always die.
B) Because species go extinct.
C) Because the species within the system don't interact constantly.
D) Because the local climate keeps changing and human activities have an impact.

Question 38

If a plant species grows where no life existed before,this is a:

A) primary succession
B) pioneering succession
C) biotic creation
D) secondary succession

Question 39

When a nontoxic viceroy butterfly has come to resemble the distasteful monarch butterfly,the relationship can best be called:

A) symbiosis
B) mutualism
C) Batesian mimicry
D) Müllerian mimicry

Question 40

In true commensalism,both partners benefit.

Question 41

________________ is defined as the percentage of the original population that survives to a given age.

Question 42

The ________________ of a habitat is the number of individuals the habitat has the resources to support indefinitely.

Question 43

When organisms change their behavior to avoid competition,it is called ____________________________.

Question 44

The three types of survivorship curves are idealized situations.What type of curve probably happens more frequently in nature?

Question 45

When a lion competes with a zebra for water it is an example of interspecific competition.

Question 46

Factors of weather and climate that operate on a population regardless of its size are called _____________________ effects.

Question 47

The number of different kinds of species inhabiting an ecosystem is called _________________.

Question 48

The role an organism plays within its ecosystem is called its _______________.

Question 49

In what manner does predation reduce competition?

Question 50

The principle of competitive exclusion states that no two species with the same niche can coexist indefinitely when resources are limiting.

Question 51

Which organism is more likely to go extinct-one with a specialized,narrow niche or one with a broad,generalized niche? Explain your answer.

Question 52

What types of density-dependent effects do we see in human populations as conditions become crowded due to overpopulation?

Question 53

A camouflaged animal uses aposematic coloring to hide from predators.

Question 54

The back-and-forth evolutionary adjustments species make to each other are examples of _________________.

Question 55

______________ occurs when one organism physically resembles another.