Deck 19: Evolution of the Animal Phyla

Question 1

Most of the phyla of the animal kingdom are of animals that occur:

A) on land
B) in the sky
C) in the ocean
D) in freshwater habitats

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The key evolutionary development seen for the first time in the sponges is that of:

A) a complete digestive tract
B) major organ systems
C) body symmetry
D) multicellularity

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The phylum that shows the greatest diversity,or the greatest number of species,is:

A) Arthropoda
B) Echinodermata
C) Chordata
D) Mollusca

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Members of which group are NOT deuterostomes?

A) Chordates
B) Vertebrates
C) Echinoderms
D) Arthropods

Question 5

Which feature is not a characteristic of the animals?

A) Multicellular heterotrophs
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Embryonic development
D) Cell walls

Question 6

What group has a water vascular system,moves with tube feet,and has an endoskeleton?

A) Echinoderms
B) Arachnids
C) Crustaceans
D) Mandibulates

Question 7

Segmentation was first apparent in the:

A) flatworms
B) annelids
C) chordates
D) vertebrates

Question 8

Chelicerates include the extinct trilobites,and modern-day horseshoe crab and:

A) lobsters
B) spiders and mites
C) nematodes
D) insects

Question 9

Cnidarians and ctenophorans differ from other metazoans by having:

A) radial symmetry
B) bilateral symmetry
C) major organ systems
D) gills

Question 10

Chordates can be characterized as having:

A) a notochord
B) a nerve cord
C) bilateral symmetry
D) All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Arthropods cannot grow to a very large size because they lack:

A) a head end
B) jointed appendages
C) mandibles
D) an endoskeleton

Question 12

The subkingdom of animals that lack symmetry and have no true tissues or organs is the:

A) Eumetazoa
B) Parazoa
C) Chordata
D) Vertebrata

Question 13

Molecular systematics based on ribosomal RNA sequences favors the _____ hypothesis for the origin of metazoans.

A) multinucleate
B) colonial flagellate
C) polyphyletic origin
D) parazoan

Question 14

The first animal group to show extracellular digestion was the:

A) sponges
B) cnidarians
C) flatworms
D) roundworms

Question 15

The advantage of bilateral symmetry is that it allowed for the evolution of:

A) appendages
B) reproductive structures
C) cephalization
D) parasites

Question 16

The function of the notochord is taken over by the ____________ in vertebrates.

A) brain
B) spinal cord
C) backbone
D) ribs

Question 17

Which term does NOT apply to solid worms,Platyhelminthes?

A) Bilateral symmetry
B) Acoelomate
C) Mostly parasitic
D) Notochord

Question 18

The type of body cavity seen in the roundworms that develops between mesoderm and endoderm layers is a:

A) coelom
B) pseudocoelom
C) mantle
D) acoelom

Question 19

Animals in which the anus develops before the mouth in the embryo are:

A) coelomic
B) protostomes
C) deuterostomes
D) coelenterates

Question 20

Of the mollusks,snails are in the class of:

A) gastropods
B) bivalves
C) cephalopods
D) deuterostomes

Question 21

The ability of a sponge cell to identify other such sponge cells is called ______________________.

Question 22

Which feature of mollusks is a rasping tongue-like organ?

A) Gills
B) Mantle
C) Radula
D) Cheliped
E) Pedipalp

Question 23

Sand dollars,sea stars,sea cucumbers,and sea urchins all belong to the phylum _____.

A) Lophophorates
B) Rotirfera
C) Chordata
D) Echinodermata
E) Arthropoda

Question 24

Which of the following is missing in parasitic flatworms compared to the free-living flatworms?

A) Testes
B) Eyespots
C) Digestive tract
D) Excretory system

Question 25

Put the following terms in order from first to last in development.

A) morula → blastula → gastrula → zygote
B) zygote → morula → gastrula → blastula
C) zygote → morula → blastula → gastrula
D) blastula → zygote → gastrula → morula

Question 26

How is the liver fluke transmitted to humans?

A) Eating contaminated fish
B) Eating contaminated pork
C) By mosquitoes
D) Drinking contaminated water

Question 27

Of the mollusks,octopuses are in the class of:

A) gastropods
B) bivalves
C) cephalopods
D) deuterostomes

Question 28

Which phyla contains organisms divided into a head,thorax and abdomen?

A) Arthropod
B) Annelida
C) Mollusks
D) Nematode
E) Porifera

Question 29

Heartworm infection in dogs and cats are caused by a parasitic _____ that infests the heart of the animal.

A) flatworm
B) rotifer
C) roundworm
D) segmented worm
E) echinoderm

Question 30

Which is incorrect about deuterostomes?

A) The commitment of embryonic cells to prescribed developmental pathways occurs later than in protostomes.
B) The blastopore becomes the animal's anus.
C) The archenteron outpockets to form coelom.
D) They are derived from the protostomes.
E) Embryonic cells cleave in a spiral pattern.

Question 31

Which of the following represents the more of the arthropods than any other group?

A) Bees
B) Flies
C) Moths
D) Beetles
E) Crustaceans

Question 32

_______ is the field of study in which unique sequences of certain genes are used to identify clusters of related groups.

Question 33

Which is incorrect about cnidarians?

A) They exist as medusae and/or polyps.
B) They undergo extracellular digestion.
C) They are herbivores that eat phytoplankton only.
D) Medusae are commonly called jellyfish.
E) They exhibit radial symmetry.

Question 34

The three distinct cell layers that form in an embryo are the ectoderm,_____________________ and ___________________.

Question 35

In all coelomates,the coelom originates from _________.

A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm
D) mesoglea

Question 36

You are at a restaurant and order the lobster for dinner.Your son yells,"No,don't eat that ________" please!

A) cnidarian
B) annelid
C) arthropod
D) echinoderm
E) platyhelminthe

Question 37

A sponge feeds itself by __________________,drawing organisms along with water into itself for nourishment.

Question 38

Trichinosis is a ________ -caused disease can be acquired by eating undercooked ________.

A) roundworm;pork
B) flatworm;chicken
C) rotifer;hamburger
D) segmented worm;eggs
E) roundworm;chicken

Question 39

You went scuba diving and bring back to the lab an animal that has bilateral symmetry,a true coelom,and is a deuterostome.What animal could this be?

A) Octopus
B) Snail
C) Rotifer
D) Sea cucumber
E) Jellyfish

Question 40

All of the following are correct about protostomes except:

A) The developmental fate of each cell in the embryo is fixed when that cell first appears.
B) The blastopore becomes the animal's anus.
C) The mesoderm splits to form the coelom.
D) Embryonic cells cleave in a spiral pattern.

Question 41

We see that in the Eumetazoa,one of the advances is toward bilateral symmetry.What kinds of things does bilateral symmetry enable an organism to do?

Question 42

A ____________________ is an example of a cnidarian.

Question 43

Evolution of a body cavity is important for several reasons.List three.

Question 44

An example of an echinoderm is a ______________________.

Question 45

Describe a hypothesis for the origin of metazoans from single celled protists.

Question 46

_________________ are small,aquatic pseudocoelomate organisms that have a crown of cilia on their heads.

Question 47

It has often been said that the next dominant animals on land,after a hypothetical demise of all mammals,would be the insects.Why so?

Question 48

Chordates are characterized by having a ________________,a dorsal,flexible supportive rod.

Question 49

Mollusks breathe using __________.

Question 50

Cnidarians have two basic body forms,medusae and ________.

Question 51

What is the advantage to an animal of having extracellular digestion within a gut cavity rather than intracellular digestion?