Deck 10: Age and Alcohol and Other Drug Use

Question 1

The period effect refers to the influence of the _____________ in which the person lived

A)historical era
B)home environment
C)country
D)state

Answer 1

A
historical era

Question 2

Studies show that more drinking problems have been found for :

A)late onset drinkers
B)earlier onset drinkers
C)neither a or b
D)both a & b

Answer 2

B
earlier onset drinkers

Question 3

What is the problem of labeling alcohol and tobacco as "gateway drugs?"

A)it only describes the sequences in which users move from one drug to another but does not explain the underlying mechanisms for how they influence the use of other drugs
B)it may lead us to think that if social policies restricted access to the gateway drugs, there would be more eventual use of the illicit drugs
C)it may mislead us to think that if social policies restricted access to the gateway drugs, there would be less eventual use of the illicit drugs
D)a & c only

Answer 3

D
a & c only

Question 4

Comparing present data with information collected earlier would be considered a:

A)cross sectional design
B)longitudinal design
C)retrospective longitudinal design
D)prospective longitudinal design

Question 5

Increases in frequency of drinking over the college years was strongly associated with residence in a fraternity or sorority which suggests that such organizations have

A)drink-friendly environments
B)a selection process that chooses students with interests in drinking at parties
C)both a & c
D)a only

Question 6

Research shows that adolescents who come from ________ families demonstrate lower alcohol use even after controlling for race/ethnicity, family income, and age.

A)one-parent
B)two-parent
C)immigrant
D)non-immigrant

Question 7

Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for binge drinking?

A)white
B)fraternity/sorority member
C)athlete
D)male

Question 8

What is a major problem posed by cross-sectional data?

A)age effect
B)cohort effect
C)both a & b
D)a only

Question 9

About what percent of adolescents fall into the late-onset heavy-drinkers?

A)5%
B)10%
C)20%
D)30%

Question 10

About one-third of adolescents and young adults fall into which of the following drinking groups?

A)abstainers
B)light drinkers
C)moderate
D)heavy

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding stressors and amount of drinking?

A)higher levels of health specific stressors led to fewer drinking problems
B)non-health related stressors were associated with increased drinking problems
C)both a & b
D)a only

Question 12

According to the 2006 NSDUH study, cigarette smoking was highest for which of the following age group?

A)18-21
B)21-25
C)25-30
D)30-35

Question 13

According to the 2006 Monitoring the future survey,

A)cigarettes was the most frequently used drug
B)tobacco was the most frequently used drug
C)alcohol was the most frequently used drug
D)alcohol and cigarettes was the most frequently used drugs

Question 14

According to several large surveys of college students drinking conducted in the 1980's, which of the following findings were found?

A)10% of American college students were heavy drinkers
B)40% of American college students were heavy drinkers
C)males drank more often and in larger quantities than female students
D)b & c only

Question 15

The term "gateway drugs" implies that use of drugs like:

A)alcohol and tobacco leads to use of illicit drugs and other socially deviant behavior
B)alcohol and tobacco to use of licit drugs and in other socially deviant behavior
C)alcohol and tobacco hinders use of illicit drugs and other socially deviant behavior
D)alcohol and tobacco hinders use of licit drugs and other socially deviant behavior

Question 16

What limitations were faced by past research regarding adolescent problem drinking?

A)items on questionnaires were designed for adults
B)context and meaning of drinking for adolescents are different from adults
C)adolescent drinking problems mostly pertained to occasions or episodes whereas problems for adult pertain to chronic consumption
D)all of the above

Question 17

Alcohol studies have shown that early age of drinking is a ____________ rather than a ___________ factor on subsequent alcohol dependence.

A)causal, indirect
B)maker, causal
C)direct, indirect
D)marker, indirect

Question 18

What is considered heavy alcohol use versus binge use?

A)five or more drinks on one occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days
B)six or more drinks on one occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days
C)6 or more drinks on one occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days
D)five or more drinks on one occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days

Question 19

How does cohort effects pose a problem for research regarding ethnic differences in alcohol and drug use?

A)Since different ethnic cohorts grow up under different historical circumstances their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times
B)Since different ethnic cohorts grow up under similar historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times
C)Since different age cohorts grow up under similar historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times
D)Since different age cohorts grow up under different historical circumstances, their drug use may reflect differing attitudes and values toward drugs held in those different times

Question 20

Which of the following applies to the beliefs of adolescents?

A)drinking is an adult activity that they avoid
B)being young and relatively healthy, they can control their drug use
C)curiosity, conformity, defiance, add to the allure of drug use
D)b & c

Question 21

A study which examined the relationship between positive expectancies of alcohol and drinking problems of construction, manufacturing and transportation workers showed:

A)Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had increased drinking problems four years later if they held high alcohol expectancies
B)Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had decreased drinking problems four years later if they held low alcohol expectancies
C)Employees still working despite retirement age eligibility had decreased drinking problems four years later if they held high alcohol expectancies
D)a & b only

Question 22

All but which of the following findings is true for increased prevalence in smoking cessation based on the National Health Interview Survey results from 1965-1994?

A)smoking cessation is higher for men than for women
B)smoking cessation rose with higher educational attainment
C)smoking cessation is higher for women than for men
D)smoking cessation is higher for whites compared with blacks