Deck 5: Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

Question 1

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

A)Soluble fiber is in animal foods,whereas insoluble fiber is in plant foods.
B)Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water,whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
C)Soluble fiber can be digested by humans,whereas insoluble fiber cannot be digested.
D)Soluble fiber provides no health benefits to humans,whereas insoluble fiber reduces the risk of heart disease.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Nervous system cells burn mostly _____ for energy.

A)fiber
B)fructose
C)lactose
D)glucose

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Alicia has PKU.She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g.Based on this information,which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

A)Xylitol
B)Sucralose
C)Invert sugar
D)Aspartame

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon.Which of the following sweeteners should she use?

A)Mannitol
B)Sucralose
C)Table sugar
D)Granulated cane juice

Question 5

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

A)Lignin
B)Starch
C)Glycogen
D)Fructose

Question 6

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy,they may store some of the excess as _______.

A)fiber
B)certain B vitamins
C)ketone bodies
D)glycogen

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Each gram of fiber supplies about 6 kcal for humans.
B)The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.
C)Eating foods rich in insoluble fiber helps reduce the risk of heart disease.
D)Diets high in fiber increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough,overcooked meat.
B)Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.
C)Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil.
D)Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Question 9

Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch.

Question 10

Fiber is indigestible by humans because it is a branched chain,while starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched.

Question 11

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)Starch
B)Glucose
C)Carbon dioxide
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Sucrose supplies more energy,gram per gram,than starch.
B)Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules.
C)Sucrose is a source of glucose.
D)Sucrose has no nutritional value.

Question 13

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets?

A)Regular soft drinks
B)Jams and jellies
C)Fruit juices
D)Pastries

Question 14

Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 15

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son.He should _______.

A)encourage the child to consume more energy drinks
B)replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks
C)serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates
D)give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks

Question 16

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

A)Stevia
B)Sucralose
C)Sucrose
D)Saccharin

Question 17

To reduce her intake of added sugar,Isabelle should _______.

A)increase her intake of beverages sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup
B)consume more refined sources of carbohydrates
C)consume energy drinks instead of coffee
D)replace regular soft drinks with plain water

Question 18

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are _____.

A)fructose,lactose,and hexose monophosphate
B)glucose,galactose,and mannose
C)galactose,glucose,and fructose
D)maltose,ribose,and galactose

Question 19

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high.He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level.Based on this information,which of the following foods should he add?

A)Liver
B)Beans
C)Milk
D)White rice

Question 20

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

A)High-fructose corn syrup
B)Lactose
C)Glucose
D)Soluble fiber

Question 21

In the human intestinal tract,cooked rice is broken down into _____ molecules that can be absorbed.

A)lactose
B)sucrose
C)ribose
D)glucose

Question 22

Pancreatic amylase _______.

A)digests starch in the small intestine
B)contributes to cystic fibrosis
C)converts glucose to energy in cells
D)is secreted by the gallbladder

Question 23

Katie is pregnant.She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level.Based on this information,Katie is likely to _______.

A)require more glucagon than she needed before becoming pregnant
B)have a lower risk of gestational hypertension
C)give birth to a baby that has birth defects
D)require more vitamin D,calcium,and iron than a pregnant woman who does not have diabetes

Question 24

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

A)Cornflakes cereal
B)Banana
C)Plain white bagel
D)Raw carrots

Question 25

Soluble fiber is broken down completely by bacteria in the small intestine.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A)Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.
B)A healthy person's hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5%.
C)To remain healthy,your fasting blood glucose level should always be at least 140 mg/dl.
D)People who have excess body fat are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than type 2 diabetes.

Question 27

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need,the excess can be _______.

A)converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy
B)eliminated in feces
C)metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys
D)converted into fat and stored

Question 28

Joshua has type 2 diabetes,and he does not control his blood glucose levels.As a result of his lack of control,which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

A)Irritable bowel syndrome
B)Cystic fibrosis
C)Blindness
D)Lactose intolerance

Question 29

Felix generally consumes about 2300 kcal/day.He wants to reduce the amount of added sugars in his diet to meet the recommendation for added sugar intake,according to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines.Based on this information,Felix will limit his daily intake of added sugars to less than ______ kcal.

A)230
B)460
C)345
D)115

Question 30

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat,but it is very low in carbohydrates.As a result of following this diet,Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal.

A)ketone bodies
B)muscle fibers
C)glycogen stores
D)vitamin C

Question 31

Phil is a healthy college student.When he wakes up in the morning,he can't wait to eat breakfast.While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages,his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)thyroxin
D)aldosterone

Question 32

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach.

Question 33

Every morning,Sarah stops at a convenience store to buy a 20-ounce bottle of a regular soft drink to consume before and during her early classes.Around noon,she drinks a sugar-sweetened tea that she purchased from a vending machine on campus.After she read news about the possible negative health effects of added sugars,she became concerned about her consumption of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages.She decides to follow the recommendations of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans regarding added sugar intakes.Sarah usually consumes about 1800 kcal/day.Based on this information,she should limit her added sugar intake to less than _____ kcal/day.

A)180
B)144
C)216
D)90

Question 34

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber.

Question 35

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.

Question 36

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia.What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

A)Take a dietary supplement that provides a variety of B vitamins
B)Give himself insulin injections after meals
C)Reduce his intake of refined sugars
D)Eat one large meal per day,in the morning,if possible

Question 37

According to scientific evidence,which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

A)Exercising daily
B)Taking vitamin C supplements
C)Drinking 2 servings of alcohol daily
D)Smoking less than 2 packs of cigarettes/week

Question 38

Insulin _______.

A)helps glucose enter cells
B)is released during fasting periods,such as between meals
C)increases blood glucose levels after meals
D)stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy

Question 39

This morning,Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes.Based on this information,her fasting blood glucose level was _____ mg/dl.

A)158
B)120
C)67
D)95

Question 40

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates.Therefore,most of his energy intake is provided by proteins and fats.As a result of following this diet,Adrian's cells form more _____ than normal.

A)connective tissue
B)antioxidants
C)ketone bodies
D)glycogen

Question 41

According to the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines,which of the following substances is a nutrient of public health concern?

A)Dietary fiber
B)Sucralose
C)Added sugars
D)High-fructose corn syrup

Question 42

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?

A)Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl
B)Body temperature that is over 101 ^$\circ$ F
C)Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl
D)Waist circumference that is 32 inches

Question 43

Lactose is the disaccharide in _______.

A)grapes
B)liver
C)sugar
D)milk

Question 44

Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay.

Question 45

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT _______.

A)reduced risk of stroke
B)reduced secretion of intrinsic factor
C)reduced risk of diabetes
D)reduced risk of heart disease

Question 46

The best way to avoid tooth decay is to use a mouthwash that kills bacteria in the mouth.

Question 47

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student.He avoids milk,because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However,he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms.Based on this information,Clayton probably has _______.

A)amylase deficiency
B)lactose intolerance
C)botulism poisoning
D)cystic fibrosis

Question 48

Betty is constipated;she generally has bowel movements only twice a week.To help relieve her constipation without taking medications,Betty should _______.

A)increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber
B)restrict her fluid intake
C)use colon cleansing enemas daily
D)reduce her intake of fruits and vegetables

Question 49

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats,which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.

Question 50

Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.

Question 51

According to Shawn's physician,Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches,his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg,and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

A)metabolic syndrome
B)constipation
C)diverticulitis
D)cystic fibrosis