Deck 21: Blood

Question 1

The "buffy" coat of the middle layer of a centrifuged blood sample is composed of

A)platelets and leukocytes.
B)leukocytes.
C)platelets.
D)erythrocytes.
E)erythrocytes and leukocytes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to

A)oxygen.
B)carbon dioxide.
C)nitrogen.
D)both oxygen and carbon dioxide.
E)oxygen,carbon dioxide,and nitrogen.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Among the constituents of plasma,sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate ions are classified as

A)nutrients.
B)respiratory gases.
C)wastes.
D)electrolytes.
E)None of these choices is correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight?

A)1%
B)25%
C)46%
D)92%
E)98%

Question 5

The smallest and most abundant plasma proteins are the

A)globulins.
B)endocrine hormones.
C)albumins.
D)fibrinogens.
E)prothrombins.

Question 6

One of the functions of blood is to regulate fluid levels in the body.If too much fluid escapes from the bloodstream and enters the tissues,blood pressure will

A)increase.
B)decrease.

Question 7

The reason it is more appropriate to call an erythrocyte a "formed element" rather than a "cell" is that erythrocytes

A)are actually dead.
B)lack a nucleus and organelles.
C)have lots of inclusion molecules.
D)are not red.
E)can form a rouleau when moving through a capillary.

Question 8

If a patient becomes dehydrated,the percentage of plasma in a centrifuged sample of his or her blood would likely

A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)not change.

Question 9

Blood is correctly classified as a(n)

A)organ.
B)tissue.
C)organ system.
D)intracellular fluid.
E)More than one of these choices is correct.

Question 10

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

A)increase the viscosity of the blood.
B)decrease the blood pressure in the arteries.
C)decrease the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.
D)increase the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of the blood.
E)increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 11

The carbon dioxide molecules that bind to the hemoglobin molecule are attached to the __________ units.

A)heme
B)globin
C)iron
D)calcium
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 12

How many globin molecules are found in a single hemoglobin molecule?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)6
E)8

Question 13

The difference in concentration of various constituents in the plasma and interstitial fluid ensures that the constituents will

A)be able to chemically react at the appropriate place.
B)be able to diffuse through the capillary wall.
C)remain in their respective locations.
D)require an active transport mechanism to move.
E)None of these answers is correct.

Question 14

How many oxygen molecules may bind to a single molecule of hemoglobin?

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)16

Question 15

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood.

A)25
B)35
C)45
D)55
E)75

Question 16

An individual's hematocrit is dependent on his or her

A)age.
B)sex.
C)altitude.
D)Two of the choices are correct.
E)Three of the choices are correct.

Question 17

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones?

A)Regulation
B)Protection
C)Prevention
D)Transportation

Question 18

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is _______ in plasma than in interstitial fluid.

A)higher
B)lower
C)the same

Question 19

The globulins make up about ________ percent of all plasma proteins.

A)58
B)37
C)4
D)1
E)85

Question 20

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies?

A)Regulation
B)Prevention
C)Protection
D)Transportation

Question 21

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion,it may indicate

A)the wrong blood type was used.
B)the recipient had type AB blood.
C)there were no agglutinins (antibodies)in the recipient blood.
D)the donor had type O blood.
E)two of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Which events occur during the recycling of aged or damaged erythrocytes? (Order is not important. )
A: The heme group is converted into biliverdin.
B: Bilirubin is stored in the liver.
C: The iron ions in hemoglobin are removed.
D: The iron ions are stored in the liver.
E: The iron ions are stored in the red bone marrow.
F: Membrane proteins and globin proteins are broken down and reused.
G: The erythrocyte contents,excluding the globins,are excreted via the digestive tract unchanged.

A)a,b,c,e,f
B)a,c,d,f
C)a,b,c,g
D)c,d,g
E)c,e,g

Question 23

The agglutinogens that determine the ABO and Rh blood types are

A)found on the surface of erythrocytes.
B)found in the cytoplasm of the erythrocytes.
C)located on the surface of the leukocytes.
D)located in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes.
E)part of the reticular connective tissue of the spleen.

Question 24

T-cells are a category of

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils.
E)monocytes.

Question 25

The leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as macrophages is the

A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)monocyte.
D)lymphocyte.
E)neutrophil.

Question 26

The life span of an erythrocyte is about _________ days.

A)10
B)30
C)60
D)120
E)360

Question 27

Usually the most numerous of the leukocytes are the

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)lymphocytes.
D)neutrophils.
E)monocytes.

Question 28

Which are characteristic of type A blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes
F: Will agglutinate with blood type B

A)b,c,d,f
B)a,c,d,f
C)a,d,f
D)b,c,f
E)a,c,f

Question 29

The leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is the

A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)lymphocyte.
D)neutrophil.
E)monocyte.

Question 30

Usually the least numerous of the leukocytes are the

A)eosinophils.
B)basophils.
C)monocytes.
D)lymphocytes.
E)neutrophils.

Question 31

The process of producing the formed elements of blood is called

A)leukopenia.
B)hemopoiesis.
C)leukocytosis.
D)erythroblastosis.
E)agglutination.

Question 32

The leukocyte that releases histamine is the

A)eosinophil.
B)basophil.
C)lymphocyte.
D)neutrophil.
E)monocyte.

Question 33

Why is the name "thrombocyte" inappropriate for platelets?

A)They are not very numerous.
B)They have multiple nuclei.
C)Their plasma membrane is irregularly shaped.
D)They are smaller than erythrocytes.
E)They have no nucleus.

Question 34

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?
A: Always has Rh (anti-D)antibodies
B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D)antibodies be present
C: Always has Rh (D)antigen
D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D)antigen be present
E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

A)a,c
B)b,c,e
C)a,d,e
D)b,e
E)a,e

Question 35

Congenital hemolytic anemia is

A)when destruction of erythrocytes is more rapid than normal.
B)when there is an inherited anemia associated with a defect in iron uptake.
C)caused by a failure of the body to absorb Vitamin B₁₂.
D)characterized by a large number of immature,nucleated cells.
E)characterized by significantly decreased formation of erythrocytes and hemoglobin due to defective red bone marrow.

Question 36

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

A)Donor is Type A and recipient has antibody anti-B
B)Donor is Type B and recipient has antibody anti-A
C)Donor is Type O and recipient is Type O
D)Donor is Type A and recipient is Type AB
E)Donor is Type AB and recipient is Type B

Question 37

Which are characteristic of leukocytes?
A: Smaller than erythrocytes
B: Have a nucleus
C: Have no hemoglobin
D: More numerous than erythrocytes
E: Depending on type,may or may not contain granules

A)a,b,c,d
B)b,c,e
C)b,c,d,e
D)a,b,c,d,e
E)a,b,e

Question 38

Old erythrocytes are phagocytized in the

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)lung.
D)liver and spleen.
E)spleen and lung.

Question 39

Which are characteristic of type O blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

A)a,b,c
B)a,b,e
C)b,c,e
D)b,c,d
E)c

Question 40

Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
A: Neutrophils
B: Eosinophils
C: Lymphocytes
D: Monocytes
E: Basophils
F: Erythrocytes

A)a,b,c
B)b,d,e
C)a,b,e,f
D)c,d
E)a,b,e

Question 41

Which depicts the order of cell formation in erythropoiesis?
A: Proerythroblast
B: Normoblast
C: Myeloid stem cell
D: Reticulocyte
E: Erythroblast
F: Mature erythrocyte

A)c,a,e,b,d,f
B)a,b,c,e,d,f
C)a,c,d,b,e,f
D)c,b,a,d,e,f
E)c,a,b,e,d,f

Question 42

Simply put,antibodies are molecules on the lookout for antigens.

Question 43

The concentration of dissolved oxygen is higher in plasma than in interstitial fluid.

Question 44

Unused platelets last about 8 to 10 days before they are broken down and their contents recycled.

Question 45

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated,what blood components are contained in the layer labeled number 3?

A)Leukocytes and platelets
B)Plasma and water
C)Erythrocytes
D)Plasma,water,waste materials,and electrolytes
E)Leukocytes and waste materials

Question 46

The antigen-antibody reaction is an example of the regulation function of blood.

Question 47

Globulins make up the second largest group of plasma proteins.

Question 48

Which type of leukocyte increases in number because of the presence of an allergen?

A)Basophil
B)Lymphocyte
C)Eosinophil
D)Neutrophil
E)Monocyte

Question 49

The growth factor that increases the formation of erythrocytes,all classes of granulocytes,monocytes,and platelets from myeloid stem cells is

A)EPO
B)M-CSF
C)G-CSF
D)Multi-CSF
E)GM-CSF

Question 50

Macrophages are the converted monocytes that phagocytize bacteria,cell fragments,dead cells,and debris.

Question 51

The concentration of dissolved carbon dioxide is higher in blood than in interstitial fluid.

Question 52

The cytoplasm of an erythrocyte has numerous molecules called surface antigens that may elicit an antibody attack under the right conditions.

Question 53

The ABO and Rh blood types are inherited independently of each other.

Question 54

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated,number 2 indicates

A)erythrocytes.
B)plasma.
C)leukocytes.
D)platelets.
E)leukocytes and platelets.

Question 55

Which leukocytes are derived from the myeloid line?

A)Neutrophils
B)Basophils and eosinophils
C)Lymphocytes and monocytes
D)Lymphocytes
E)Neutrophils,basophils,eosinophils,and monocytes

Question 56

If your body temperature is 37ºC,then your blood temperature will be about 36ºC.

Question 57

When viewing a centrifuged blood sample,the erythrocytes will be on the top.

Question 58

In the centrifuged sample of blood illustrated,which number indicates the layer containing water,plasma proteins,nutrients,and waste products?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)None of the answers is correct.

Question 59

The blood type of a person missing the surface antigen D is Rh-positive.

Question 60

Erythrocytes exhibit a limited lifespan due to their inability to synthesize the proteins necessary to repair themselves.

Question 61

If the blood pH falls below 7.4 to 7.0,a condition called _____________ results and the central nervous system is depressed.

Question 62

Because it is found outside of (rather than within)cells,plasma is considered to be an _______________ fluid.

Question 63

A _______________ (singular)is the name for the cylinder shape that erythrocytes form as they line up in single file for passage through the smallest blood vessels.

Question 64

The rupture of erythrocytes is called ____________.

Question 65

The GM-CSF growth factor accelerates the formation of all granulocytes and monocytes from their progenitor cells.

Question 66

During hemopoiesis,the lymphoid line forms lymphocytes only.

Question 67

Two of the four globin chains in the hemoglobin molecule are called alpha chains and the other two are called ________________ chains.

Question 68

The molecule to which both oxygen and carbon dioxide can attach in an erythrocyte is called _________________.

Question 69

When a finger is pricked,the blood will stop flowing shortly because of the action of the formed elements called ______________.

Question 70

Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized in the liver and spleen by cells called ________________.

Question 71

The percentage of the volume of all formed elements in the blood is called the _______________.

Question 72

M-CSF is a growth factor that stimulates the production of monocytes from myeloblast cells.

Question 73

A person with erythrocytes that have surface antigen A,but not surface antigen B,is said to have type _________ blood.

Question 74

The general name of the molecules given to an Rh negative individual to prevent the formation of Rh antibodies is ___________.

Question 75

When the proteins are removed from plasma,the remaining fluid is called _____________.

Question 76

The iron that has been transferred to the liver after the aged erythrocytes were phagocytized is stored by the protein _______________.

Question 77

The maintenance of a blood pH of about 7.4 and correct fluid levels are part of the _____________ function of blood.

Question 78

The iron of the heme unit of hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the protein _________________ after the aged erythrocytes are phagocytized.

Question 79

The heme group from the phagocytized erythrocyte is converted into a green pigment called ________________.

Question 80

Fibrin,which is produced from the plasma protein _______________,helps form blood clots.