Deck 44: Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Question 1

Differentiate between heat and cold sterilization,and select the statement that best explains their differences.

A) Heat sterilization can be achieved by using high-pressure steam for hours in specialized tanks called autoclaves. Cold sterilization is the destruction of microorganisms at room temperature without the use of heat or ionizing radiation.
B) Heat sterilization can be achieved by using high-pressure steam for hours in specialized tanks called autoclaves. Cold sterilization is the destruction of microorganisms using temperatures below freezing.
C) Heat sterilization can be achieved by using high-wattage ovens to destroy the organisms. Cold sterilization is the destruction of microorganisms using temperatures below freezing.
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 1

Heat sterilization can be achieved by using high-pressure steam for hours in specialized tanks called autoclaves. Cold sterilization is the destruction of microorganisms at room temperature without the use of heat or ionizing radiation.

Question 2

Using the variations in the protocols for removing microorganisms from the skin,select the false statement related to these protocols.

A)The protocol for removing microorganisms on the skin prior to a needle
B)puncture into the vein,where the needle will stay inserted and blood will be drawn over a period of 45 minutes,requires the site to be swabbed with a brown (iodophor) solution,moving in a circular motion a number of times.
C)The protocol for removing microorganisms for a routine blood test that lasts 60 seconds is to use an alcohol or iodophor swab with a short swabbing motion.
D)The protocol For removing microorganisms on the skin prior to a needle
E)puncture into the vein,where the needle will stay inserted and blood will be drawn over a period of 45 minutes,requires the use of an alcohol or iodophor swab with a short swabbing motion.
F)None of these are false.

Answer 2

The protocol for removing microorganisms on the skin prior to a needle
The protocol For removing microorganisms on the skin prior to a needle

Question 3

Match the definition "a permanent darkening of skin and mucous membranes caused by prolonged use of silver protein solutions" with the correct term.

A) Eschar
B) Lyse
C) Argyria
D) None of these are correct.

Answer 3

Argyria

Question 4

Differentiate between the bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of the antiseptics,and select the true statement.

A) Bacteriostatic antiseptics can eradicate bacteria only at high concentrations.
B) Bacteriostatic antiseptics inhibit the growth and reproduction process of the bacteria but do not kill the bacteria.
C) All bactericidal antiseptics have broad-spectrum activity.
D) All bacteriostatic antiseptics have narrow-spectrum activity.

Question 5

Explain the primary reason why antibiotics can't always eradicate an organism.

A) Some organisms reproduce faster than antibiotics are capable of destroying them.
B) Some organisms can't be treated with antibiotics because they must be completely destroyed by the immune system.
C) Overuse of antibiotics has made some microorganisms resistant to the available antibiotic treatments.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 6

Using the mechanism of action of the aldehyde disinfectants,determine the statement that is not true about their use as effective antiseptics.

A) The aldehyde group is used to inactivate viruses and toxins (and any other organism) because these chemicals are incorporated into the bacterial cell wall, which disrupts the membrane and reduces the membrane's permeability.
B) Glutaraldehyde is used for cold sterilization of equipment, medical devices, and surgical instruments.
C) The aldehyde group is never used as an antiseptic because of the potential damage to human tissue at any concentration.
D) The aldehyde group includes formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and ethylene oxide.

Question 7

Differentiate between the categories of antisepsis and disinfection,and select the statement that best explains the activities of the antiseptic and disinfectant agents.

A) Antiseptics and disinfectant solutions differ in their antimicrobial potency and spectrum of activity but have similar duration of action.
B) Antiseptics and disinfectant solutions differ in their antimicrobial potency, spectrum of activity, and duration of action.
C) Antiseptics and disinfectant solutions differ in their spectrum of activity and duration of action but are similar in their antimicrobial potency.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 8

Using the mechanism of action of antiseptics and disinfectants,select the true statement related to their ability to destroy microorganisms.

A) Antiseptics and disinfectants destroy microorganisms by interfering with cell metabolism and damaging nucleic acid function.
B) These agents can decrease the surface tension of bacterial cell walls, causing the cells to swell and lyse.
C) Antiseptics and disinfectants disrupt the cell's membrane and denature the protein function of the cell.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 9

Using the mechanism of action of benzalkonium chloride,select the true statement related to its bactericidal properties.

A) Benzalkonium chloride is incorporated into the bacterial cell wall, which disrupts the membrane and reduces the membrane's permeability.
B) At bactericidal concentrations, benzalkonium chloride attacks the microorganism membrane and produces rapid cell leakage, resulting in total depletion of the intracellular potassium.
C) Benzalkonium chloride binds to the bacterial DNA, alters its transcription, and causes lethal DNA damage to the bacterial cell.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 10

Match the definition "a thick crust or scab that develops at the site of a skin burn or contact with corrosive chemicals" with the correct term.

A) Eschar
B) Lyse
C) Argyria
D) None of these are correct.

Question 11

Differentiate between the antiseptics,disinfectants,and antibiotics,and select the statement that best explains their activity.

A) Antibiotics are expected to reach the bloodstream to produce their antimicrobial effects and are frequently targeted at one microorganism during treatment even
B) though they may be a broad-spectrum antibiotic.
C) Antiseptics and disinfectants are never intended for internal use; when these chemicals are used, it is to eliminate multiple organisms at one time.
D) Antiseptics and disinfectants do eliminate microorganisms like the antibiotics do.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 12

Use the mechanism of action of chlorhexidine to select the true statement.

A) Chlorhexidine is bactericidal in low concentrations (0.5 percent) and bacteriostatic at higher concentrations (2 to 4 percent).
B) Chlorhexadine is incorporated into the bacterial cell wall, which disrupts the membrane and reduces its permeability.
C) Chlorhexadine binds to the bacterial RNA, alters its transcription, and causes lethal RNA damage to the bacterial cell.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 13

Select the statement that best describes the general cleaning technique for eradicating bacterial spores prior to surgical procedures.

A) The cleaning technique includes a 2-minute wash with soap followed by a 2-minute alcohol wash followed by a 5- to 10-minute iodophor scrub.
B) The cleaning technique includes a 2-minute alcohol wash followed by a 5- to 10-minute iodophor scrub.
C) None of these are correct.

Question 14

Select the correct action to recommend to a patient suffering from an aphthous ulcer.

A) Rinse the mouth with chlorhexidine.
B) Scrub the ulcer with povidine-iodine.
C) Apply silver nitrate to the ulcer.
D) Irrigate the ulcer with Dakin's solution.

Question 15

Using the mechanism of action of hexachlorophene,select the false statement related to its use.

A) Despite its selectivity, hexachlorophene is useful as a skin cleanser and surgical scrub because potential pathogens that reside on the skin surface are frequently gram-positive bacteria.
B) With repeated use, hexachlorophene accumulates in the skin and maintains its bacterial response.
C) Hexachlorophene is a bactericidal preparation that is primarily effective against gram-positive bacteria and provides relatively weak activity against gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria.
D) Hexachlorophene should not be used for bathing or applying to burns because it will be absorbed into the circulation.

Question 16

Select the correct statement related to peroxide's oxidizing properties.

A) The standard medicinal peroxide solution is a weak antiseptic that contains 3 percent hydrogen peroxide in water.
B) Peroxide rapidly breaks down to molecular oxygen and water. As it oxidizes, the oxygen that is released causes it to effervesce (bubble).
C) When peroxide is used to clean abrasions with slow blood oozing, it rapidly stops capillary bleeding. The effervescence may facilitate mechanical cleansing of debris surrounding a superficial wound.
D) All of these are correct

Question 17

Identify the factors that contribute to the development of nosocomial infections.

A) Urinary tract or intravenous therapy catheterizations contribute to the development of nosocomial infections.
B) Nosocomial infections occur with prolonged hospitalizations.
C) High-risk patients with decreased immunoresistance (elderly, malnourished, burned, or immunosuppressed patients) are susceptible to nosocomial infections.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 18

Differentiate between the antiseptics and disinfectants,and select the appropriate information that must be given to a patient regarding their use.

A) Some antiseptics, like peroxide, can be used as oral rinses but must not be ingested.
B) Antiseptics and disinfectants may contain ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, which are poisonous if they are ingested.
C) The aldehydes are never used as antiseptics because of the potential damage to human tissue at any concentration.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 19

Identify the definition of the term sterilization.

A) Process that inhibits the growth of disease-causing microorganisms.
B) Process that completely eradicates all microorganisms and spores.
C) Process that inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
D) None of these are correct.

Question 20

Summarize the physiological effects that characterize a hypersensitivity to antiseptics or disinfectants.

A) Skin dryness, irritation, rash, and hypersensitivity at the place of contact
B) Anaphylactic shock requiring medical treatment
C) Uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
D) None of these are correct.