Deck 25: Diuretics

Question 1

Which two ion exchange transporters are found in the distal convoluted tubule?

A) Na/H and Na/HCO₃
B) Na/H and Na/Cl
C) Na/H and Na/K
D) Na/Cl and Na/K

Answer 1

Na/H and Na/K

Question 2

What are two mechanisms by which sodium ions can be reabsorbed along the nephron?

A) Anion exchange and chloride ion transport
B) Anion exchange and sodium ion transport
C) Cation exchange and chloride ion transport
D) Cation exchange and sodium ion transport

Answer 2

Cation exchange and chloride ion transport

Question 3

_____ is a diuretic that also has a beneficial effect for people with open-angle glaucoma,since _____ is associated with ocular fluid formation.

A) Mannitol, cyclooxygenase
B) Isosorbide, carbonic anhydrase
C) Furosemide, cyclooxygenase
D) Acetazolamide, carbonic anhydrase

Answer 3

Acetazolamide, carbonic anhydrase

Question 4

ADH opens pores in the collecting tubule,allowing water to rush toward sodium ions to the _____,thereby making urine volume _____.

A) Outside of the tubule, increase
B) Outside of the tubule, decrease
C) Inside of the tubule, increase
D) Inside of the tubule, decrease

Question 5

Which diuretic has a greater diuretic action than the thiazides and is often prescribed for patients who have become resistant to a thiazide diuretic?

A) Potassium-sparing diuretic
B) Organic acid diuretic
C) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
D) Osmotic diuretic

Question 6

A combination of _____ and _____ can potentiate ototoxicity.

A) Penicillin, potassium-sparing diuretic
B) Penicillin, organic acid diuretic
C) Aminoglycoside antibiotic, potassium-sparing diuretic
D) Aminoglycoside antibiotic, organic acid diuretic

Question 7

Spironolactone would benefit a patient needing a diuretic who was also experiencing:

A) Certain types of epileptic seizures
B) Open-angle glaucoma
C) Hypokalemia
D) Acute mountain sickness

Question 8

Which type of diuretic would be recommended for a patient who was very sensitive to electrolyte imbalances?

A) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
B) Thiazide diuretic
C) Organic acid diuretic
D) ADH antagonists

Question 9

The buffering capacity of blood utilizes which ion to neutralize cellular waste products?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Sodium
C) Chloride
D) Ammonium

Question 10

Acidic metabolic waste products and aspirin would cause what affect in the body?

A) No change due to down-regulation in the number of transporters for tubular secretion
B) No change due to up-regulation in the number of transporters for tubular secretion
C) Metabolic alkalosis due to limited number of transporters for tubular secretion
D) Metabolic acidosis due to limited number of transporters for tubular secretion

Question 11

Where does the secretion of weak acids and weak bases occur in the nephron?

A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule
C) Nephron loop
D) Collecting ducts

Question 12

What is the precursor to hydrogen ion production from carbonic anhydrase activity?

A) Hydrogen peroxide
B) Carbon tetrachloride
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Carbonic acid

Question 13

The process of filtration in a nephron occurs in the:

A) Glomerulus
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Nephron loop
D) Collecting duct

Question 14

Due to the potency of sodium and water removal by thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics,patients taking these diuretics may experience

A) Orthostatic hypertension
B) Orthostatic hypotension
C) Respiratory depression
D) Hypoglycemia

Question 15

Metabolic acidosis can be a side effect from taking acetazolamide because:

A) Bicarbonate ions are wasted as sodium is being excreted into the tubule, thereby leaving behind acidic metabolic waste products needing to be neutralized.
B) Chloride ions are wasted as sodium is being excreted into the tubule, thereby leaving behind acidic metabolic waste products needing to be neutralized.
C) Bicarbonate ions are wasted as sodium is being reabsorbed back into the tubule, attracting hydrogen ions to follow.
D) Chloride ions are wasted as sodium is being reabsorbed back into the tubule, attracting hydrogen ions to follow.

Question 16

Diuretics can be used to manage all of these conditions except:

A) Anuria
B) Hypotension
C) Hypertension
D) Edema

Question 17

Spironolactone produces its potassium-sparing diuretic effect by being an aldosterone receptor:

A) Agonist that stimulates sodium and potassium exchange
B) Agonist that stimulates hydrogen and potassium exchange
C) Antagonist that inhibits sodium and potassium exchange
D) Antagonist that inhibits hydrogen and potassium exchange

Question 18

A unique property of osmotic diuretics is that:

A) They can neither be filtered by the glomerulus nor be reabsorbed in renal tubules.
B) They can be filtered by the glomerulus and be reabsorbed in renal tubules.
C) They can be filtered by the glomerulus but not be reabsorbed by renal tubules.
D) They can't be filtered by the glomerulus but can be reabsorbed by renal tubules.

Question 19

Edema is a result of insufficient _____ clearance where fluid accumulates in the _____.

A) Sodium, extracellular space
B) Sodium, intracellular space
C) Chloride, extracellular space
D) Chloride, intracellular space

Question 20

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can become refractory over time because:

A) The supply of CO₂ is rate-limiting.
B) An acid-base balance is needed for the medication to work properly.
C) The supply of H₂O is rate-limiting.
D) Overproduction of bicarbonate ion will prevent the medication from working properly