Deck 31: Bronchodilator Drugs and the Treatment of Asthma

Question 1

Which of the following events is best referred to as degranulation of the mast cell?

A) The exposure of mast cells to IgE
B) The release of mast cell contents
C) The production of antibodies by white blood cells
D) The contact of an antigen with the skin or lungs

Answer 1

The release of mast cell contents

Question 2

The advantages of newer antihistamines over first-generation antihistamines include:

A) increased anticholinergic activity.
B) greater sedation.
C) greater antiallergic activity.
D) increased selectivity for peripheral H₁-receptors.

Answer 2

increased selectivity for peripheral H₁-receptors.

Question 3

What happens to mast cells once an individual is first exposed to an allergen?

A) Mast cells produce antibodies.
B) Mast cells bind to the allergen.
C) IgE immunoglobulin attach to the surface of mast cells.
D) Degranulation of mast cells occurs.

Answer 3

IgE immunoglobulin attach to the surface of mast cells.

Question 4

Antihistaminics are used in cold remedies because of their anticholinergic properties responsible for _____.

A) inhibiting the degranulation process in mast cells
B) promoting sedation
C) slowing the breathing process
D) drying nasal secretions

Question 5

Which of the following types of receptors does histamine interact with to mediate allergic reactions?

A) Postsynaptic H₁-receptors
B) Postsynaptic H₂-receptors
C) Postsynaptic H₃-receptors
D) Postsynaptic H₄-receptors

Question 6

In patients with asthma,what role do H₁-receptors play in the bronchioles?

A) Contraction of bronchiolar smooth muscle
B) Dilation of bronchiolar smooth muscle
C) Innervation of bronchiolar smooth muscle
D) Relaxation of bronchiolar smooth muscle

Question 7

One of the effects of histamine on the vasculature is:

A) vasoconstriction of the blood vessels and vasodilation of the capillaries.
B) vasodilation of the blood vessels and vasoconstriction of the capillaries.
C) vasoconstriction of the blood vessels and the capillaries.
D) vasodilation of the blood vessels and the capillaries.

Question 8

Why is Dr.Smith unlikely to prescribe an antihistamine for his patient with asthma?

A) Antihistamines produce disturbances in intestinal activity.
B) Antihistamines are not therapeutically useful in the treatment of asthma.
C) Antihistamines promote the production of nasal and bronchial mucus.
D) Antihistamines produce a life-threatening reaction called the Response of Lewis in asthma patients.

Question 9

The side effects associated with antihistaminics are _____.

A) hypertension and urinary incontinence
B) sedation and xerostomia
C) agitation and insomnia
D) narcolepsy and bradycardia

Question 10

The effects of nonselective interactions of first-generation antihistamines include _____.

A) relief of acute toxicity symptoms
B) relief of ulcers
C) relief of allergy symptoms
D) relief of bradycardia

Question 11

Eczematoid dermatitis can occur with antihistamines as a result of _____.

A) a severe allergic reaction
B) overstimulation of mast cell degranulation
C) a hypersensitivity reaction from overuse
D) none of the above

Question 12

Why should oral cromolyn dosage forms avoid being taken with fruit juice or milk?

A) Fruit juices and milk combine with the drug and form an insoluble complex that is difficult to excrete.
B) The acidic conditions will induce metabolism and increase bioavailability of the drug.
C) The dissolution and absorption of the drug will be compromised.
D) Fruit juice and milk potentiate the action of the drug.

Question 13

What occurs in an allergic reaction when histamine binds to receptors on local sensory nerve endings?

A) Sodium channels are activated, causing pain and swelling.
B) Itch-specific fibers are stimulated, causing itching and pain.
C) Vasoconstriction in the local area causes erythema.
D) Vasoconstriction in the local area causes histaminic cephalgia.

Question 14

Which of the following antihistamine medications can be used to treat vertigo and nausea?

A) Terfenadine and cromolyn
B) Dimenhydrinate and meclizine
C) Astemizole and lodoxamide
D) Cetirizine and pemirolast

Question 15

Why do antihistaminic drugs require repeated administration multiple times a day?

A) These drugs are nontoxic at smaller doses and at a higher frequency.
B) These drugs are not absorbed very well from the intestines.
C) These drugs are rapidly metabolized by the liver.
D) These drugs are eliminated very quickly through renal excretion.

Question 16

Which of the following types of antibodies is produced in the body when a person is sensitized to tree pollen for the first time?

A) IgA
B) IgB
C) IgE
D) IgF

Question 17

Second-generation antihistamines astemizole and terfenadine were removed from the market because they produced::

A) atrial flutter in patients with congestive heart failure.
B) ventricular fibrillation in patients who have a pacemaker.
C) ventricular arrhythmias that result from overstimulation of the SA node.
D) ventricular arrhythmias that result from improper ion channel conduction.

Question 18

A person allergic to chocolate is likely to develop a migraine because:

A) histamine dilates cerebral blood vessels, which stimulates nearby pain receptors.
B) IgE dilates cerebral blood vessels, which stimulates nearby pain receptors.
C) histamine constricts cerebral blood vessels, which stimulates pain receptors.
D) IgE constricts cerebral blood vessels, which stimulates pain receptors.

Question 19

What unexpected adverse effect can elderly patients experience when taking an antihistaminic drug?

A) Respiratory depression
B) Paradoxical stimulation
C) Extreme hypotension
D) Insomnia

Question 20

The best time to administer cromolyn sodium is _____.

A) before an allergic reaction has begun
B) immediately after an allergic reaction has begun
C) about 1 hour after an allergic reaction has begun
D) anytime after an allergic reaction has begun

Question 21

A patient presents with the following symptoms.The patient's upper eyelid has hard bumps,and the conjunctiva is swollen.There is yellow discharge from the eyes.Which of the following drugs should be used to treat this patient?

A) Nedocromil
B) Pemirolast
C) Lodoxamide
D) Cromolyn sodium

Question 22

Jeremy's eyes have been itching for over a day.Since the condition is not severe,he prefers taking an OTC drug to relieve the itching.Which of the following products can Jeremy obtain over-the-counter to treat himself?

A) Azelastine
B) Ketotifen
C) Epinastine
D) Emedastine

Question 23

On the eve of an important business meeting,Steve presents with symptoms of a severe allergy.Steve can ill-afford to appear sedated or under medication during this meeting,so he asks the doctor to prescribe a suitable antihistamine.Which of the following drugs is the doctor most likely to prescribe?

A) Hydroxyzine
B) Diphenhydramine
C) Chlorpheniramine
D) Promethazine

Question 24

_____ is the antihistamine contained in most topical products to relieve itching and manage symptoms of insect bites.

A) Dimenhydrinate
B) Promethazine
C) Azelastine
D) Diphenhydramine

Question 25

Which of the following is true of ophthalmic mast cell stabilizers?

A) They inhibit postsynaptic histamine receptors.
B) They stimulate histamine receptors on mast cells.
C) They stimulate eosinophil chemotaxis.
D) They inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells.

Question 26

Which of the following first-generation antihistaminic drugs inhibits the actions of histamine and serotonin?

A) Dimenhydrinate
B) Cyproheptadine
C) Meclizine
D) Clemastine

Question 27

Which of the following is a common ingredient in OTC analgesic and cough-cold medications?

A) Chlorpheniramine
B) Doxylamine
C) Brompheniramine
D) All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following is true of fexofenadine?

A) Fexofenadine should not be taken with an antacid.
B) Fexofenadine decreases the blood level of nasally administered azelastine.
C) Fexofenadine absorption is delayed when taken closely with high fatty meals.
D) Fexofenadine does not undergo drug interactions with other drugs.

Question 29

The use of antihistamines is contraindicated for _____.

A) children weighing less than 65 pounds
B) women who have children younger than 4 years of age
C) people who are allergic to tree pollen
D) dehydrated children

Question 30

A nurse explains to a patient who presents with allergic symptoms that he is exhibiting an allergic reaction known as the Response of Lewis.Which of the following symptoms is most likely being exhibited by the patient?

A) Nasal congestion
B) Production of nasal and brochial mucus
C) Hypotension
D) Edema and erythema in the skin

Question 31

Cassandra,a 28-year-old architect,is susceptible to allergic conjunctivitis.When she has allergic conjunctivitis,her eyes begin to itch.Which of the following drugs should be prescribed to treat Cassandra?

A) Nedocromil
B) Orally administered Gastrocrom
C) Cromolyn sodium
D) Fexofenadine

Question 32

The repeated drug administration of antihistaminics is necessitated by their _____.

A) rapid metabolization by the liver
B) long duration of action
C) long duration of bioavailability
D) low rate of excretion

Question 33

After a surgery,Kyla presents with symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.Which of the following antihistamines should be prescribed to Kyla?

A) Azelastine
B) Olopatadine
C) Chlorpromazine
D) Emedastine

Question 34

Which of the following conditions must be met for a drug to be declared an OTC product?

A) A patient must be able to successfully treat the condition.
B) The product must be safe and effective under the described conditions of use.
C) A patient must be able to self-diagnose the condition to be treated.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following is a result of capillary leakage that occurs in the nasal mucous membranes?

A) Edema in the nasal mucous membranes
B) Wheals
C) Nasal congestion
D) Hives