Deck 13: Antipsychotic and Antianxiety Drugs

Question 1

Which of the following conditions is a potentially fatal condition that is associated with the use of antipsychotic drugs and is characterized by hyperthermia,muscular rigidity,catatonia,and autonomic nervous system instability?

A) Dystonic reactions
B) Akathisia
C) Parkinson's disease
D) Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 1

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Question 2

The excessive blockade of dopamine receptor D₂ is the main cause of _____.

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) extrapyramidal syndrome
D) anxiety

Answer 2

extrapyramidal syndrome

Question 3

David,a patient with schizophrenia,has been undergoing antipsychotic treatment for many years now.He stops taking his regular dose of phenothiazine when he discovers that he no longer has the funds to cover the expenses for his treatment.As soon as he stops his medication,he starts experiencing a new range of symptoms such as involuntary movements of his lips,jaw,tongue,and extremities.Worried about the onset of these new symptoms,David's mother consults David's doctor,Dr.Richards,about David's mental health.Dr.Richards examines David and informs David's mother that these new symptoms can be suppressed by reinstituting phenothiazine.From which condition is David most likely suffering?

A) Parkinsonism
B) Akathisia
C) Tardive dyskinesia
D) Alzheimer's disease

Answer 3

Tardive dyskinesia

Question 4

People who develop neurological conditions such as akathisia and parkinsonism as adverse reactions to phenothiazine drugs can be treated by:

A) increasing the dosage of the drug.
B) administering centrally acting anticholinergic drugs.
C) reinstituting the drug.
D) prescribing cholinergic drugs.

Question 5

Which of the following classes of antipsychotic medication is the most useful in the treatment of the manic phase of manic-depressive personality disorder?

A) Butyrophenones
B) Phenothiazines
C) Thioxanthenes
D) Atypical antipsychotics

Question 6

One way to suppress the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia is to:

A) administer supportive therapy.
B) completely discontinue the use of the antipsychotic drug.
C) taper the dose of the antipsychotic drug.
D) increase the dose of the antipsychotic drug.

Question 7

Atypical antipsychotics differ from the other classes of antipsychotics because they:

A) reduce dopamine activity more than they reduce the activity of serotonin.
B) greatly enhance the activity of acetylcholine.
C) reduce the activity of serotonin more than they reduce the activity of dopamine.
D) enhance the activity of serotonin in the limbic system.

Question 8

How does anxiety affect the human body?

A) It enhances the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) It deactivates the reticular activating system.
C) It triggers the hyperarousal of the cerebral cortex.
D) It decreases the activity of the limbic system.

Question 9

One of the main characteristics of phenothiazine antipsychotics is their ability to:

A) block dopamine D₂ receptors to a greater degree than serotonin 5HT_2A receptors.
B) block cholinergic receptors to a greater degree than serotonin 5HT_2A receptors.
C) block serotonin 5HT_2A receptors to a greater degree than dopamine D₂ receptors.
D) block histamine receptors to a greater degree than serotonin 5HT_2A receptors.

Question 10

Identify a difference between butyrophenones and phenothiazines.

A) Butyrophenones produce a higher incidence of peripheral effects than phenothiazines.
B) Butyrophenones block 5HT_2A receptors more than they block D₂ receptors, whereas phenothiazines block D₂ receptors more than they block 5HT_2A receptors.
C) Butyrophenones are less potent than phenothiazines on a milligram basis.
D) Butyrophenones produce a higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms than phenothiazines.

Question 11

Alex has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.Her doctor,Dr.Paris,prescribes her with a phenothiazine antipsychotic.After several weeks,Alex begins to experience the antipsychotic effects of the drug.How else is Alex going to be affected by the drug?

A) She will demonstrate increased interest in the surroundings.
B) She will demonstrate less behavioral activation.
C) She will communicate less rationally.
D) She will have high blood pressure and diarrhea.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of antipsychotic drugs?

A) Antipsychotic drugs produce their pharmacological effects by blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine.
B) Antipsychotic drugs stimulate both D₂ and 5HT_2A receptors.
C) Antipsychotic drugs increase dopaminergic activity.
D) Antipsychotic drugs facilitate the binding of serotonin to its receptors.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a method of treating parkinsonism which may develop from the continued use of a phenothiazine?

A) Reducing the dosage of phenothiazine
B) Completely stopping the use of phenothiazine for treatment
C) Administering a dopamine agonist
D) Administering a centrally acting anticholinergic drug

Question 14

The _____ plays a major role in the regulation and control of emotions.

A) reticular formation
B) limbic system
C) thalamus
D) pons

Question 15

The beneficial side effects of phenothiazine antipsychotics allow them to be used for the treatment of _____.

A) hyperthermia
B) constipation
C) diarrhea
D) nausea and vomiting

Question 16

The adverse effects of phenothiazine antipsychotics arise due to the:

A) stimulation of cholinergic and histamine receptors.
B) blocking of cholinergic and histamine receptors.
C) stimulation of D₂ and histamine receptors.
D) blocking of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true of phenothiazines?

A) Phenothiazines block 5HT_2A receptors to a greater degree than they block D₂ receptors.
B) Phenothiazines can produce both anticholinergic and antiemetic effects.
C) Phenothiazines are primarily administered topically.
D) Phenothiazines require several months to begin producing their desired therapeutic effects.

Question 18

Long-term use of phenothiazine antipsychotics is most likely to result in _____.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) obsessive compulsive disorder
C) general anxiety disorder
D) tardive dyskinesia

Question 19

One of the main causes of psychosis is _____.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) schizophrenia
D) diabetes

Question 20

Identify a difference between "typical" antipsychotic drugs and "atypical" antipsychotic drugs.

A) Unlike "typical" antipsychotic drugs, "atypical" antipsychotic drugs include drugs like phenothiazine, butyrophenone, and thioxanthine.
B) "Typical" antipsychotic drugs primarily block D₂ receptors, whereas "atypical" antipsychotic drugs primarily block 5HT_2A receptors.
C) "Typical" antipsychotic drugs produce a lower incidence of extrapyramidal syndrome than "atypical" antipsychotic drugs.
D) Unlike "typical" antipsychotic drugs, "atypical" antipsychotic drugs reduce dopamine activity more than they reduce the activity of serotonin.

Question 21

The _____ is involved with emotional and behavioral responses associated with reward,punishment,anger,fear,and anxiety.

A) medulla oblongata
B) limbic system
C) reticular formation
D) spinal cord

Question 22

Identify an accurate statement about thiothixene.

A) The chemical structure of thiothixene shares no similarities with the chemical structures of the phenothiazines.
B) Thiothixene exerts its antipsychotic effects by blocking 5HT_2A receptors more than D₂ receptors.
C) Thiothixene is associated with very low incidences of extrapyramidal symptoms.
D) Thiothixene generally causes less sedation than chlorpromazine.

Question 23

The night before an exam,Mary feels a surge of panic.Her heart rate increases and she begins to sweat.The stress of writing the paper the next day makes her feel nauseous.These physiological changes that Mary is experiencing are caused by the:

A) activation of the parasympathetic system.
B) activation of the sympathetic system.
C) deactivation of the limbic system.
D) deactivation of the reticular formation.

Question 24

Identify a difference between the drugs thiothixene and chlorpromazine.

A) Thiothixene produces more anticholinergic effects than chlorpromazine does.
B) Thiothixene generally causes less sedation than chlorpromazine does.
C) Thiothixene generally causes more alpha-blocking effects than chlorpromazine does.
D) Thiothixene is less potent than chlorpromazine.

Question 25

A person taking an atypical antipsychotic medication could be expected to develop all of the following metabolic disorders except:

A) weight gain.
B) anemia.
C) hyperlipidemia.
D) diabetes mellitus.

Question 26

Which type of atypical antipsychotic would be more likely to cause the development of an infection in a patient?

A) Aripiprazole
B) Risperidone
C) Clozapine
D) Olanzapine

Question 27

Which of the following classes of antipsychotic medications produces the highest incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?

A) The butyrophenones
B) The phenothiazines
C) The atypical antipsychotics
D) The thioxanthenes

Question 28

Which of the following is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter that keeps emotion and behavior under control?

A) Dopamine
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
C) Norepinephrine
D) Serotonin

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of butyrophenones?

A) The butyrophenones are less potent than the phenothiazines.
B) The butyrophenones block 5HT_2A receptors more than they block D₂ receptors.
C) The butyrophenones produce the lowest incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
D) The butyrophenones differ chemically from phenothiazines but produce the same type of antipsychotic effects.

Question 30

Which of the following atypical antipsychotic drugs cause significant anticholinergic,alpha-adrenergic blocking,or antihistaminic actions as side effects?

A) Aripiprazole
B) Risperidone
C) Clozapine
D) Olanzapine

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true of atypical antipsychotic drugs?

A) The atypical antipsychotic drugs affect and reduce the activity of D₂ receptors more than they interfere with 5HT_2A receptors.
B) The atypical antipsychotic drugs produce the highest incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).
C) The atypical antipsychotic drugs are associated with metabolic disturbances such as weight gain, elevated triglycerides, and the development of diabetes mellitus.
D) The atypical antipsychotic drugs include the drug classes phenothiazines, butyrophenones, and thioxanthenes.

Question 32

Long-acting benzodiazepines are metabolized by the liver to form active metabolites,which are inactivated after forming conjugates with _____.

A) hyaluronic acid
B) glucuronic acid
C) ascorbic acid
D) linoleic acid

Question 33

Which type of atypical antipsychotic is available in special formulations for difficult patients needing immediate treatment from a psychotic episode?

A) Aripiprazole
B) Clozapine
C) Risperidone
D) Olanzapine

Question 34

Stress and anxiety in a person will directly result in the increased activity of the _____.

A) limbic system
B) substantia nigra
C) thalamus
D) parasympathetic system

Question 35

Which of the following antipsychotic drugs' primary mechanism of action involves reducing the activity of serotonin at the 5HT_2A receptors?

A) Thioridazine
B) Olanzapine
C) Thiothixene
D) Haloperidol