Deck 1: Introduction to Pharmacology

Question 1

During a pharmaceutical class,Dr.Patrick explains how a certain class of antipsychotic drugs prevents dopamine from producing its effects by blocking specific membrane receptors for dopamine.As a result,dopamine cannot stimulate its receptors to trigger certain cellular functions,and its effects are no longer experienced.After the discussion,Dr.Patrick asks his students to describe the action of the antipsychotic drugs.Which of the following responses from his students is the most accurate?

A) The antipsychotic drugs act as agonists.
B) The antipsychotic drugs act as antagonists.
C) The antipsychotic drugs act as modulators.
D) The antipsychotic drugs act as inducers.

Answer 1

The antipsychotic drugs act as antagonists.

Question 2

Examples of common adverse effects include all of the following except:

A) persistent diarrhea.
B) vomiting.
C) confusion.
D) anaphylaxis.

Answer 2

anaphylaxis.

Question 3

_____ is a measure of the strength,or concentration,of a drug required to produce a specific effect.

A) Toxicity
B) Affinity
C) Potency
D) Bioavailability

Answer 3

Potency

Question 4

Competitive antagonism occurs when:

A) two agonists compete for the same receptor.
B) an agonist and an antagonist compete for the same receptor.
C) an antagonist directly inactivates an agonist.
D) an antagonist cancels out the effect of an agonist by binding to a unique receptor.

Question 5

What type of curve should be used for representing data when a proper dosing frequency is being determined?

A) A time-response curve
B) A scatter plot
C) A graded dose-response curve
D) A quantal dose-response curve

Question 6

Mrs.Breaux,a patient at St.Anthony's Hospital,almost became comatose after receiving an overdose of morphine.In order to reverse this effect,the doctor ordered the administration of naloxone,which served as a(n):

A) partial agonist.
B) agonist.
C) modulator.
D) antagonist.

Question 7

James,a health care professional,states that the drug morphine is an agonist.Which of the following supports his statement?

A) Morphine binds to specific receptor sites in the body and triggers a series of cellular changes.
B) Morphine is immediately absorbed by the cells of the body and metabolized.
C) Morphine binds to specific receptor sites in the body and inhibits certain cellular functions.
D) Morphine binds to specific sites in the body and signals surrounding drug molecules to the area.

Question 8

Pharmacokinetics is the area of pharmacology that deals with the study of:

A) the processes of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
B) the action of drugs on living tissue.
C) the use of drugs in treating disease.
D) the harmful effects of drugs on living tissue.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true of toxicity?

A) Toxic effects refer to those effects triggered by drugs that are undesirable but not harmful.
B) The toxic effects of a drug can be life-threatening.
C) The toxic effects of a drug can be controlled by increasing the dosage of the drug.
D) Patients are often advised to tolerate the toxicity of a drug in order to benefit from the drug's therapeutic actions.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a drug derived from a plant?

A) Insulin
B) Digitalis
C) Cephalosporin
D) Estradiol

Question 11

A group of interns at Wingsdale Hospital are watching Dr.Gerald and his team perform a surgery.During the surgery,Dr.Gerald resuscitates his patient from cardiac arrest by giving her an intravenous injection of epinephrine.As soon as the patient's condition improves,Dr.Gerald explains to his interns that when epinephrine binds to the beta receptors of the heart,it triggers an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.Based on the information provided in this scenario,we can conclude that epinephrine is acting as a(n):

A) antagonist.
B) modulator.
C) agonist.
D) partial antagonist.

Question 12

Maria visits Dr.John's clinic for a medical consultation.After learning that Maria has been experiencing a severe case of cold and cough,Dr.John conducts a thorough physical examination and prescribes a cough syrup and cetirizine tablets for her symptoms.A few days later,Maria calls Dr.John and informs him that the medication has been making her feel drowsy.How is Dr.John most likely to respond?

A) He will ask Maria to start taking a different dosage of cetirizine.
B) He will advise Maria to bear with the effects of the medication in order to benefit from its therapeutic actions.
C) He will advise Maria to stop taking the tablets immediately and to visit his clinic for another examination.
D) He will ask Maria to stop taking the drug and immediately rush to her house to administer an antidote.

Question 13

Identify a difference between agonists and antagonists.

A) Agonists bind to specific receptors to trigger a drug action, while antagonists bind to specific receptors to block a drug action.
B) Agonists bind to receptors and prevent them from being activated, while antagonists bind to receptors to activate them.
C) Agonists bind to a specific receptor site in the body, while antagonists can bind to any receptor site in the body.
D) A typical example of an agonist is naloxone, while a typical example of an antagonist is morphine.

Question 14

Drugs that bind to specific receptors and produce a drug action are called _____.

A) repressors
B) antagonists
C) agonists
D) modulators

Question 15

The phenomenon that occurs upon taking additional doses of acetaminophen for pain when a 100 percent response has been attained is called the _____.

A) ceiling effect
B) placebo effect
C) first-pass effect
D) Purkinje effect

Question 16

Identify an accurate statement about the dose-response relationship.

A) A drug response is inversely proportional to the dose.
B) The magnitude of a drug response decreases with an increase in its dose.
C) Drugs that continue to show an increase in drug response with an increase in dosage have a ceiling effect.
D) Above a certain dosage no further increase in effect is observed.

Question 17

Which of the following values can be derived from a drug-response curve and used to compare the potency of drugs that produce the same response?

A) Infusion rate
B) Half-life
C) Effective dose 50
D) Drug clearance

Question 18

Today,new drugs are mainly derived from:

A) chemical synthesis.
B) animals.
C) plants.
D) enzymatic synthesis.

Question 19

19. Consider a graded dose-response curve plotted for a drug. Toward which direction would the dose-response curve shift if the curve were plotted for a more potent drug?

A) Up
B) Down
C) Left
D) Right

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true of a drug?

A) The effects produced by a drug are always desirable.
B) The properties of a drug do not influence the effects it produces.
C) A drug does not produce more than one effect.
D) A pure drug is a chemical compound with a specific chemical structure.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is true of the United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary (USP/NF)?

A) It is updated once in every six months.
B) It is primarily used by physicians and nurses for information relating to the use of drugs in the practice of medicine.
C) It is primarily used by drug manufacturers to ensure that drug production adheres to official government standards.
D) It provides the most current drug information on a regular basis.

Question 22

Drugs,such as thalidomide,that produce birth defects are known as _____.

A) mutagens
B) carcinogens
C) teratogens
D) allergens

Question 23

The nonproprietary name of a medication is more commonly known as its _____.

A) trade name
B) generic name
C) chemical name
D) brand name

Question 24

The therapeutic index of drug A is 10,and its effective dose 50 (ED50)is 200 mg.What is the lethal dose 50 (LD50)of drug A?

A) 20 mg
B) 2000 mg
C) 100 mg
D) 400 mg

Question 25

What will be the effect of taking two aspirin tablets instead of one?

A) The analgesic effect of the drug will decrease.
B) The analgesic effect of the drug will increase.
C) There will be no change in the analgesic effect of the drug.
D) The drug will result in adverse toxic effects.

Question 26

The lethal dose 50 of a drug is 2500 mg,and the effective dose 50 of the drug is 250 mg.The therapeutic index of the drug will be _____.

A) 10
B) 0.1
C) 25
D) 2.5

Question 27

Which of the following is a drug information service that is updated on a monthly basis with the most current drug information?

A) The Physicians' Desk Reference
B) Drug Facts and Comparisons
C) The United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary
D) Drug Information-American Hospital Formulary Service

Question 28

In the context of the drug schedules defined in the Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act,identify an accurate statement about schedule I drugs.

A) These drugs are prescribed by physicians for a narrow range of medical conditions.
B) These drugs have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use.
C) This category of drugs includes narcotics such as morphine and pure codeine.
D) These drugs have a very low potential for abuse and are widely used in medical treatment.

Question 29

Which of the following would not be considered an adverse effect of taking an oral antibiotic? rev: 02_13_2014_QC_45109

A) Extravasation
B) Diarrhea
C) Nausea
D) Vomiting

Question 30

The _____ of 1970 was designed to regulate the dispensing of drugs that have the potential to be misused.

A) Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act
B) Federal Pure Food and Drug Act
C) Federal Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
D) Regulated Health Professions Act

Question 31

Three medications have the following therapeutic index values: 2,4,and 0.5.Which medication is the safest?

A) The medication with the therapeutic index value of 0.5
B) The medication with the therapeutic index value of 2
C) The medication with the therapeutic index value of 4
D) None of these medications

Question 32

Which of the following would not be considered a dose-dependent adverse effect of a drug?

A) Nausea
B) Liver damage
C) Kidney damage
D) Idiosyncrasy

Question 33

Orion laboratories,a pharmaceutical manufacturing company,manufactures the drug cetirizine and markets the tablets under the name "Alzer." In this case,cetirizine is the _____ name of the drug.

A) proprietary
B) generic
C) trade
D) brand

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true of drug nomenclature?

A) The nonproprietary name of a drug is usually a contraction of its chemical name.
B) The proprietary name of a drug is more commonly referred to as the generic name.
C) A drug can have several different generic names.
D) The name under which a drug is marketed is known as its nonproprietary name.

Question 35

David is analyzing the drug-response relationships of two different drugs,drug A and drug B.Drug A and drug B belong to the same class of drugs.During his study,David discovers that drug A produces the ceiling effect at a much lower dosage than drug B.What does this imply?

A)Drug B is more potent than drug A.
B)Drug A is more potent than drug B.
C)The effective dose 50 (ED50)of drug B is lower than the ED50 of drug A.
D)Drug dosage and drug response are independent of each other.