Deck 27: Nutrition and Therapy

Question 1

_____ can occur from overactive clotting activity in the body that is not properly regulated.

A) Glycosylated hemoglobin
B) Thromboembolism
C) Thrombocytopenia
D) Anemia

Answer 1

Thromboembolism

Question 2

Heparin or LMW heparin is preferred for pregnant patients needing an anticoagulant because:

A) its molecular size allows it to cross the placenta and thus help the offspring.
B) the offspring receives the full anticoagulant effect.
C) its molecular size does not allow it to cross the placenta to affect the offspring.
D) the offspring receives only a partial anticoagulant effect.

Answer 2

its molecular size does not allow it to cross the placenta to affect the offspring.

Question 3

The formation of _____ practically guarantees the clotting cascade to proceed.

A) clotting factor VIII
B) vitamin K
C) Stuart factor
D) thromboplastin

Answer 3

thromboplastin

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the reason for the long-lasting inactivation of cyclooxygenase production by aspirin?

A) Thromboxane levels are elevated by aspirin, which results in the inactivation of cyclooxygenase.
B) Prostacyclin levels are elevated by aspirin, which results in the inactivation of cyclooxygenase.
C) Platelets lack a nucleus and hence, they cannot produce more cyclooxygenase.
D) Thromboxane is generated in excess until new platelets are formed and hence cyclooxygenase will not be produced.

Question 5

A patient with a tendency to form blood clots is in the recovery room after having hip replacement surgery.Which anticoagulant would best serve the patient's needs?

A) Warfarin
B) Aspirin
C) Heparin
D) Streptokinase

Question 6

An advantage of the LMW heparins over standard heparin is that:

A) their bioavailability is almost complete following subcutaneous administration.
B) they are less effective at binding active factor X.
C) they seldom interfere with the coagulation cascade but can produce the same spectrum of interference as standard heparin.
D) they can be administered orally.

Question 7

Which anticoagulant's mechanism of action involves an inhibition of platelet aggregation?

A) Heparin
B) Warfarin
C) Streptokinase
D) Aspirin

Question 8

Toxicity from oral anticoagulants and other medications can often occur because of:

A) enhanced metabolism in the liver.
B) increase in synthesis of several vitamin K dependent clotting factors.
C) enhanced plasma protein binding by the oral anticoagulant.
D) plasma protein binding displacement.

Question 9

One disadvantage of cellulose hemostatic sponges compared to gelatin sponges is:

A) thrombocytopenia.
B) agranulocytosis.
C) anaphylactic shock.
D) bone regeneration interference.

Question 10

The preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy is:

A) heparin.
B) warfarin.
C) streptokinase.
D) enoxaparin.

Question 11

Why should a patient currently experiencing thromboembolisms be given warfarin?

A) To increase the production of several Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
B) To dissolve the preformed clot
C) To prevent secondary thromboembolic complications
D) To bind calcium ions so that the coagulation scheme is interrupted

Question 12

Daily co-administration of both aspirin and ibuprofen can _____ the overall antiplatelet effects of aspirin because _____.

A) cancel; ibuprofen is a COX-1 inhibitor and can occupy the same enzymatic site in the platelets but does not have the ability to alter the active site on COX or inhibit thromboxane production
B) increase; ibuprofen is a COX-1 enhancer and has the ability to alter the active site on COX and inhibit thromboxane production
C) delay; aspirin interferes with ibuprofen's inactivation of COX-1 enzyme
D) have no effect on; ibuprofen seldom interferes with platelet aggregation

Question 13

If hemorrhage occurs in a patient after receiving heparin,he or she should be given:

A) vitamin K.
B) protamine sulfate.
C) aspirin.
D) streptokinase.

Question 14

Which of the following are the first cells or cell components to reach a site of injury to initiate coagulation?

A) Thrombocytes
B) Erythrocytes
C) Monocytes
D) Leucocytes

Question 15

Patients on oral anticoagulant therapy should be monitored by which tests?

A) PTT or APTT
B) Routine blood and platelet counts
C) Attention to all potential bleeding sites
D) Protime (PT) or INR

Question 16

In arterial thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis,platelets will _____ the production of _____.

A) increase; prostacyclin
B) increase; thromboxane
C) decrease; prostacyclin
D) decrease; thromboxane

Question 17

What are the two groups into which heparins are classified?

A) Standard (unfractionated) heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin
B) Standard (unfractionated) heparin and high-molecular-weight heparin
C) Low-molecular-weight heparin and high-molecular-weight heparin
D) Low-molecular-weight heparin and fractionated heparin

Question 18

The primary reason heparin cannot be administered orally is that:

A) the mucopolysaccharide is too large to be absorbed in the intestines.
B) the mucopolysaccharide would be destroyed by gastric acid in the stomach.
C) the peptide is too large to be absorbed in the intestines.
D) the peptide would be destroyed by gastric acid in the stomach.

Question 19

The mechanism of action for which medication involves converting plasminogen to plasmin?

A) Aspirin
B) Alteplase
C) Enoxaparin
D) Heparin

Question 20

Which of the following terms refers to the balance between clot formation and clot breakdown that occurs throughout the day?

A) Hematuria
B) Albuminuria
C) Hemostasis
D) Metastasis