Deck 11: Urinary System

Question 1

How are excretion and defecation alike?

A) Both are carried out by the urinary system.
B) Both eliminate waste from the body.
C) Both are carried out by the digestive system.
D) Both involve the kidneys.
E) Both involve the colon.

Answer 1

Both eliminate waste from the body.

Question 2

The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The urethra is controlled by two sphincters,one composed of smooth muscle and one composed of skeletal muscle.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A) excretion of metabolic wastes
B) maintenance of water-salt balance
C) maintenance of acid-base balance
D) maintenance of blood glucose levels
E) secretion of hormones

Question 5

The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a part of the kidney?

A) hypothalamus
B) cortex
C) medulla
D) pelvis
E) collecting ducts

Question 7

Why does urine frequently have an acidic pH?

A) The kidneys filter and excrete H⁺ from the blood.
B) The kidneys produce H⁺ in the process of filtering the blood.
C) The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood.
D) There is a high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the urine, making it highly acidic.
E) The kidneys absorb H⁺ ions and excrete bicarbonate ions.

Question 8

What is located within the glomerular capsule?

A) the renal cortex
B) the loop of Henle
C) several collecting ducts
D) a knot of capillaries
E) the peritubular capillary network

Question 9

The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes,including urea,a by-product of glucose metabolism.

Question 10

The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D,and thereby assist with calcium homeostasis.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a metabolic waste product?

A) urea
B) erythropoietin
C) ammonia
D) creatinine
E) uric acid

Question 12

What are the walls of a ureter composed of?

A) skeletal muscle and mucous membrane
B) mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue
C) mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue
D) skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage
E) fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane

Question 13

Which of the following organs of the urinary system is the storage area for urine?

A) bladder
B) kidney
C) ureter
D) renal pelvis
E) urethra

Question 14

The renal pelvis is continuous with the

A) renal cortex.
B) bladder.
C) urethra.
D) ureter.
E) nephrons.

Question 15

Which part of the urinary system is shared with the reproductive system in males?

A) bladder
B) ureters
C) kidneys
D) urethra
E) renal pelvis

Question 16

The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends to what region of the kidney?

A) renal cortex to the renal medulla
B) renal cortex to the renal pelvis
C) renal medulla to the renal cortex
D) renal medulla to the renal pelvis
E) renal pelvis to the renal medulla

Question 17

Which of the following is not part of a nephron?

A) glomerular capsule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) loop of Henle
D) collecting duct
E) ureter

Question 18

The urethra in females is much longer than in males.

Question 19

Each nephron has its own collecting duct.

Question 20

How many openings (inputs and outputs)are there in the urinary bladder?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 21

Tubular reabsorption requires both passive and active modes of reabsorption.

Question 22

The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt.

Question 23

What are the two ways substances are removed from the blood and added to the forming urine?

A) glomerular filtration and tubular secretion
B) glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption
C) tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption
D) glomerular secretion and tubular reabsorption
E) glomerular secretion and tubular secretion

Question 24

In the analogy where the liver is like the sewage treatment plant,the kidneys are like

A) the trucks that take the waste out of town.
B) the people who produce the waste.
C) trash cans where the waste is stored.
D) the trucks that carry the waste from the people who produce it to the treatment plant.
E) trucks that produce the waste.

Question 25

Which part of the nephron contains podocytes?

A) distal convoluted tubule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) ascending limb of loop
D) descending limb of loop
E) glomerular capsule

Question 26

While glucose is filtered out at the glomerulus,none is excreted in the urine.What happens to the glucose?

A) It is reabsorbed at the distal convoluted tubule.
B) It is secreted at the proximal convoluted tubule.
C) It is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
D) It is secreted at the distal convoluted tubule.
E) It is reabsorbed from the collecting duct.

Question 27

Less than 50% of which molecule is reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?

A) urea
B) water
C) sodium
D) glucose
E) amino acids

Question 28

Approximately 99% of the water that is filtered in the glomerulus is reabsorbed.

Question 29

Place the parts of the nephron in order of how filtration would occur.
1)A cartilaginous model develops and becomes calcified during fetal development.
2)Osteoblasts cover the diaphysis with a compact bone collar.
3)Blood vessels bring osteoblasts into the cartilage.At the primary ossification center,osteoblasts form spongy bone.
4)The medullary cavity forms,the compact bone collar thickens and secondary ossification centers appear at the epiphyses.

A) 4, 3, 2, 1, 6, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
C) 2, 1, 6, 4, 3, 5
D) 1, 2, 4, 3, 6, 5
E) 6, 4, 1, 2, 3, 5

Question 30

How is penicillin removed from the blood?

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular secretion
C) tubular reabsorption
D) phagocytosis
E) passive transport

Question 31

Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules?

A) water
B) salt
C) H⁺
D) nutrients
E) plasma proteins

Question 32

Which of the following does not assist the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes?

A) liver
B) sweat glands
C) muscles
D) blood
E) pancreas

Question 33

Why does glucose appear in the urine of a diabetic?

A) The volume of urine is too great to filter.
B) No glucose is filtered into the glomerular filtrate.
C) The kidneys produce glucose in diabetes.
D) The carriers for glucose reabsorption reach their maximum rate of transport.
E) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle secretes glucose into the urine.

Question 34

List the three processes involved in the formation of urine in order.
1)tubular secretion
2)tubular reabsorption
3)glomerular filtration

A) 1, 2, 3
B) 3, 2, 1
C) 1, 3, 2
D) 2, 3, 1
E) 2, 1, 3

Question 35

Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion.

Question 36

The kidneys interact with every other organ system of the human body in maintaining homeostasis.

Question 37

Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate?

A) diffusion down the concentration gradient
B) glomerular blood pressure
C) active transport
D) secretion
E) diffusion against the concentration gradient

Question 38

Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the afferent arteriole.

Question 39

Which of the following particles are not filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus?

A) plasma proteins
B) water
C) nitrogenous wastes
D) salts
E) nutrients

Question 40

A nephron is a two-way system with glomerular filtrate traveling back and forth within the nephron.

Question 41

An enlarged prostate gland can lead to kidney stones in males.

Question 42

Which of the hormones involved in the regulation of water-salt balance is produced by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A) aldosterone
B) renin
C) ADH
D) ANH
E) testosterone

Question 43

Why do some people not drink beverages with caffeine right before bedtime?

A) It increases the flow of urine and causes you to go to the bathroom during the night.
B) It decreases the flow of urine and can cause kidney stones.
C) It may affect the ability to sleep, but caffeine has very little effect on the urinary system.
D) It can cause a headache if consumed late at night.
E) It can lead to diarrhea.

Question 44

ANH is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary.

Question 45

The kidneys are much more powerful than the acid-base buffer and the respiratory center mechanisms in controlling blood pH.

Question 46

In CAPD,what serves as the dialysis membrane?

A) the walls of the blood vessels
B) a filter inside the instrument
C) the kidneys themselves
D) the peritoneum
E) the pleural membrane

Question 47

What hormones regulate the reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule?

A) creatinine and renin
B) renin and aquaporin
C) aquaporin and aldosterone
D) aldosterone and renin
E) creatinine and aldosterone

Question 48

What is an infection of the urinary bladder called?

A) cystitis
B) urethritis
C) pyelonephritis
D) hemodialysis
E) uremia

Question 49

If your blood pressure is high because of increased blood volume,what hormone will correct this?

A) renin
B) ADH
C) ANH
D) aldosterone
E) testosterone

Question 50

The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low.

Question 51

What is the normal pH of blood?

A) neutral
B) slightly basic
C) slightly acidic
D) extremely basic
E) extremely acidic

Question 52

Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion?

A) H⁺
B) Na⁺
C) aldosterone
D) water
E) Cl^-

Question 53

What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage?

A) burning upon urination
B) extreme pain
C) albumin or formed elements in the urine
D) the absence of urination
E) edema

Question 54

Why is the dialysate continually replaced in hemodialysis?

A) to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood
B) because it is easily infected
C) because it enters the body and is absorbed
D) because it is lost by urination
E) because it biodegrades rapidly

Question 55

The inner medulla of the kidney is _____ to the loop of Henle and therefore,water leaves the loop at the descending limb and collecting duct.

A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
D) balanced
E) None of these.

Question 56

List the components of the glomerular filtrate and indicate where they can be found.

Question 57

After running a marathon,it is best to drink water to restore what was lost due to heavy sweating.

Question 58

What effect does cellular respiration have on the pH of the blood?

A) It does not affect the pH.
B) It raises the pH.
C) It lowers the pH.
D) It decreases the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood.
E) It increases the amount of hydroxide ions in the blood.

Question 59

What effect does ANH have on renin?

A) It inhibits its secretion.
B) It inhibits its production.
C) It promotes its secretion.
D) It promotes its production.
E) It produces additional hormones that accelerate the production of renin.

Question 60

If you do not drink enough water,which hormone will the hypothalamus produce to regulate urine production?

A) renin
B) ADH
C) ANH
D) aldosterone
E) diuretics

Question 61

List the functions of the urinary system.

Question 62

Which of the following is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system?

A) synthesis of vitamin D
B) excretion of metabolic wastes
C) secretion of hormones
D) maintenance of acid-base balance
E) maintenance of water-salt balance