Deck 18: Nutrition During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

Question 1

Choose the minerals that are needed in higher quantities during pregnancy.

A)Iron,iodine,and zinc
B)Calcium,chloride,and potassium
C)Sodium,phosphorus,and fluoride
D)There are no minerals that need to be increased during pregnancy,only some vitamins.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

By definition,a low-birth-weight infant weighs less than ______ pounds at birth.

A)6.5
B)7.5
C)5.5
D)3.5

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The RDA for protein increases by an additional ______ grams per day during pregnancy.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the

A)ovum.
B)umbilicus.
C)placenta.
D)embryo.

Question 5

The first trimester of pregnancy

A)involves a rapid increase in cell size rather than cell number.
B)is the least critical time during fetal development.
C)is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and environmental exposures that could harm the fetus.
D)is a time when nutritional deficiencies have little effect on the developing fetus.

Question 6

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy,an average of ______ extra kilocalories per day are needed.

A)150 - 250
B)250 - 350
C)350 - 450
D)450 - 550

Question 7

Millie's prepregnancy BMI is 18.Her weight gain goal should be ______ pounds.

A)11 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)25 to 35
D)28 to 40

Question 8

Extra kilocalories for pregnancy are needed mostly during which trimester(s)?

A)First
B)Second and third
C)Second
D)First and third

Question 9

Choose the activity to avoid during pregnancy.

A)SCUBA diving
B)Brisk walking
C)Riding a stationary bike
D)Water aerobics

Question 10

The duration of pregnancy normally is ______ weeks.

A)30-34
B)32-36
C)35-39
D)38-42

Question 11

Requirements for ______ increase by 50% during pregnancy.

A)folate
B)sodium
C)vitamin D
D)pantothenic acid

Question 12

During the second and third trimesters,pregnant women should gain approximately ______ pound(s)per week.

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 13

During pregnancy,it is particularly important to make sure to consume adequate

A)saturated fatty acids.
B)trans fatty acids.
C)cholesterol.
D)essential fatty acids.

Question 14

Preterm infants

A)have minimal nutritional problems.
B)may have problems sucking and swallowing.
C)will almost always die.
D)are born with adequate mineral and fat stores.

Question 15

Which trimester is an especially critical period when poor nutrition or drug use can result in birth defects?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third

Question 16

Patricia's physician tells her she needs more folate in her diet during pregnancy.She should do which of the following?

A)Drink orange juice.
B)Eat beef.
C)Eat more cheese.
D)Eat more fish.

Question 17

Sue's prepregnancy BMI is 38.Her weight-gain goal should be ______ pounds.

A)11 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)25 to 35
D)28 to 40

Question 18

For a woman with a prepregnancy BMI of 22,total pregnancy weight gain should fall within the range of ______ pounds.

A)11 to 20
B)15 to 25
C)25 to 35
D)28 to 40

Question 19

Barb wants to make sure she gets adequate folate during her pregnancy.She should do which of the following?

A)Drink more milk.
B)Eat more ready-to-eat breakfast cereals.
C)Eat more meat.
D)Eat more orange or yellow fruits and vegetables.

Question 20

During the first trimester,a woman should gain ______ pounds.

A)1 to 2
B)2 to 4
C)5 to 9
D)10 to 14

Question 21

Which of the following is true about lifestyle habits and pregnancy?

A)Repeated intake of four or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting is harmful to the fetus.
B)It is vital that mothers abstain from NutraSweet because the phenylalanine present can problems with fetal brain development.
C)Cigarette smoking should be limited to one pack per day.
D)The only risk to the baby when a mother uses cocaine is cocaine addiction.

Question 22

Avoiding greasy or fried foods,eating saltine crackers or dry cereal before getting out of bed,avoiding large fluid intake in the mornings,and eating smaller,more frequent meals help to control _____ during pregnancy.

A)edema
B)constipation
C)nausea
D)gestational diabetes

Question 23

Which of the following is true about lactation?

A)Only about 50 percent of all women can breastfeed.
B)The most significant reason why women do not breastfeed is that they cannot produce enough milk.
C)Some women cannot breastfeed because they do not have big enough breasts.
D)The major reason why women do not breastfeed is lack of information.

Question 24

During pregnancy,a woman should follow MyPlate's Daily Food Plan and consume

A)1-2 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
B)2 ounce equivalents from the meat group.
C)3 cups of calcium-rich foods from the milk and cheese group.
D)4 ounce equivalents from the grain group.

Question 25

Avoiding lying down,eating less fat,avoiding spicy foods,and consuming liquid between meals instead of during meals are all helpful in preventing

A)constipation.
B)heartburn.
C)hemorrhoids.
D)nausea and vomiting.

Question 26

During pregnancy,symptoms such as high blood pressure,excess protein in the urine,edema,changes in blood clotting,and seizures are associated with a condition called

A)essential hypertension.
B)eclampsia.
C)preeclampsia.
D)secondary hypertension.

Question 27

Which of the following is a federal program for reducing infant mortality by providing nutritional support and counseling?

A)Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B)Nutrition Supplement Program (NSP)
C)Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants,and Children (WIC)
D)Regional Nutrition Counseling Program (RNCP)

Question 28

What is true about dietary supplements during pregnancy?

A)Overdoses of vitamin B-12 could cause birth defects.
B)Vitamin A supplements are usually necessary to meet increased needs during pregnancy.
C)Research evidence supports routine supplementation with iron and folic acid.
D)It is better to take amino acid supplements that to increase the intake of protein foods.

Question 29

Low iodine status during the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to

A)hypertension.
B)gestational diabetes.
C)edema.
D)congenital hypothyroidism.

Question 30

Which of the following is true about the let-down reflex?

A)It is needed to make milk available to the infant.
B)It can be inhibited by anxiety or nervous tension.
C)After a few weeks of breastfeeding,it becomes automatic.
D)All the these statements are true.

Question 31

During pregnancy,iron supplementation and competition for space in the abdominal cavity contribute to

A)constipation.
B)edema.
C)hypertension.
D)anemia.

Question 32

The need for extra iron during pregnancy is greatest during which trimester(s)?

A)First
B)First and second
C)Second
D)Second and third

Question 33

Choose the statements that are true about folate and pregnancy.

A)Folate deficiency in pregnancy is associated with birth defects such as spina bifida.
B)The RDA for folate increases by 50 percent.
C)Fortified breakfast cereal is a nutrient-dense source of folate for pregnant women.
D)All of these statements are correct.

Question 34

Which of the following statements is true regarding infant feeding?

A)The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life.
B)Because of its immunological benefits,infant formula is preferred over breast milk.
C)Working mothers should avoid breastfeeding.
D)Cows' milk can be introduced safely when the child is 3 months old.

Question 35

The hormone that triggers "let down" or milk release is

A)oxytocin.
B)prolactin.
C)estrogen.
D)progesterone.

Question 36

Consumption of non-food items such as laundry starch,ice,and dirt is known as

A)hyperemesis.
B)pica.
C)pregnancy-induced hypertension.
D)eclampsia.

Question 37

Most of the extra calcium for pregnancy is needed during which trimester(s)?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Calcium needs do not increase during pregnancy.

Question 38

Obesity during pregnancy is associated with

A)high blood pressure.
B)diabetes during pregnancy.
C)surgical complications.
D)All the above.

Question 39

Nutrient-dense and bioavailable sources of calcium for a pregnant woman include

A)fruits.
B)vegetables.
C)legumes.
D)low-fat milk and cheese.

Question 40

For most pregnancies,women need to consume supplemental

A)calcium.
B)vitamin D.
C)zinc.
D)iron.

Question 41

Lack of role models,widespread misinformation,and the fear of social judgment are all

A)legitimate reasons not to breastfeed.
B)barriers to breastfeeding.
C)concerns of a pregnant mother who is a vegan.
D)None of the above.

Question 42

Breast milk production requires approximately _______ kilocalories per day.

A)200
B)400
C)800
D)1,000

Question 43

During each feeding,human milk changes composition in which of the following ways?

A)Carbohydrate increases
B)Fat increases
C)Minerals decrease
D)Protein decreases

Question 44

Rich in immune factors,the milk made by the mother's breast during the first few days after birth is

A)hindmilk.
B)colostrum.
C)foremilk.
D)prolactin.

Question 45

Advantages of breastfeeding include

A)breastfeeding is associated with fewer ear infections.
B)breastfeeding reduces the risk of food allergies.
C)breast milk provides antibodies while the infant's immune system is still immature.
D)All the above.

Question 46

The hormone that stimulates milk synthesis is

A)estrogen.
B)oxytocin.
C)prolactin.
D)progesterone.

Question 47

Healthy People 2020 includes a goal of increasing by ______ the number of pregnancies that begin with optimal folate status.

A)10%
B)20%
C)30%
D)40%

Question 48

The U.S.Public Health Service and the March of Dimes recommend that all women of childbearing age should take a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement that contains

A)400 micrograms of folic acid.
B)15 milligrams of iron.
C)500 milligrams of calcium.
D)40 milligrams of zinc.

Question 49

Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce children with a recognizable pattern of malformations called

A)chronic cirrhosis.
B)alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Question 50

To reduce oxidative damage to her eggs,a woman should consume

A)3 servings per day of dairy foods.
B)beta-carotene supplements.
C)zinc supplements.
D)brightly colored fruits and vegetables.

Question 51

Concerning the infant,two major indicators of a successful pregnancy are: (1)gestation period longer than ______ weeks and (2)birth weight greater than ______ pounds.

A)34;5.5
B)37;5.5
C)37;2.5
D)40;7.5

Question 52

Adequate folate intake for neural tube development is especially important in the ______ trimester.

A)first
B)second
C)third

Question 53

An infant born at 38 weeks of gestation and weighing 5 pounds is

A)preterm and SGA.
B)LBW.
C)LBW and SGA.
D)preterm and LBW.

Question 54

Women who experience infertility related to high levels of testosterone and insulin may have

A)PCOS.
B)SGA.
C)LBW.
D)GDM.

Question 55

A mineral that is especially important for male fertility is

A)sodium.
B)iron.
C)zinc.
D)potassium.

Question 56

Toxicity of ______ is linked to birth defects.

A)vitamin B-12
B)vitamin A
C)iron
D)folate

Question 57

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all infants be given ______ IU of vitamin D per day until they are consuming that much from food.

A)600
B)800
C)400
D)200

Question 58

Infants that are ____ will have fewer gastrointestinal infections,respiratory infections,and fewer allergies.

A)vegans
B)preterm
C)breastfed
D)born at a high birth weight

Question 59

Fertility can be impaired by

A)too much body fat.
B)too little body fat.
C)either too little or too much body fat.

Question 60

Low levels of body fat decrease ______ fertility.

A)both male or female
B)female
C)male
D)neither male nor female

Question 62

Lower risk for gestational diabetes,reduced bone loss during pregnancy,better sleep,decreased back pain,and improved satisfaction with body image are all outcomes of

A)following a low-fat diet during pregnancy.
B)weight gain throughout pregnancy.
C)inactivity during pregnancy.
D)exercise during pregnancy.