Deck 13: Nutrients That Support Blood and Brain Health

Question 1

Blood consists of four distinct elements,including all of the following except

A)white cells.
B)red cells.
C)platelets.
D)lymph.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A rich folate food source would be

A)skim milk.
B)roast beef.
C)asparagus.
D)peanuts.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In anemia,examining the size and of the red blood cell helps indicate the nutrient cause of the disease.

A)color
B)number
C)density
D)shape

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Dennis had undergone a heart valve replacement and was placed on Coumadin (warfarin).In order for the Coumadin to be effective,consistent daily consumption of must be maintained.

A)iron
B)magnesium
C)vitamin K
D)vitamin B-12

Question 5

The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by

A)excretion in the urine.
B)absorption in the small intestine.
C)absorption through the skin.
D)absorption in the large intestine.

Question 6

Vitamins involved in red blood cell synthesis are

A)folate and thiamin.
B)thiamin and niacin.
C)vitamin B-12 and folate.
D)folate and pantothenic acid.

Question 7

In 1998,the federal governments in both the United States and Canada mandated the fortification of grain products with ______ to reduce the rate of neural tube defects.

A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)iron
D)folic acid

Question 8

Generally,good folate sources are

A)fruits.
B)green,leafy vegetables.
C)milk and dairy products.
D)poultry.

Question 9

Exceeding the UL for folate

A)is a common result of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
B)can cause a vitamin B-12 deficiency.
C)can mask a vitamin B-12 deficiency.
D)cannot occur with synthetic forms of the vitamin.

Question 10

Of the following foods,iron is best absorbed from

A)kidney beans.
B)cheese.
C)sirloin steak.
D)broccoli.

Question 11

In order to adequately absorb vitamin B-12,we need all of the following except

A)intrinsic factor.
B)an acid environment in the stomach.
C)B-12 to be bound to food protein.
D)a healthy ileum.

Question 12

Oxygen binds to iron,contained in in RBCs.

A)hemosiderin
B)hematocrit
C)hemoglobin
D)hemostat

Question 13

Acquiring sufficient vitamin B-12 from the diet may be a problem for vegans because

A)protein deficiency limits synthesis of intrinsic factor.
B)they lack the R-protein in the stomach.
C)it is only found in animal products.
D)phytic acid in grains may inhibit its absorption.

Question 14

Which of the following foods provides the most iron?

A)3 ounces of shrimp
B)1 flour tortilla
C)3 ounces of turkey
D)4 ounces of sirloin steak

Question 15

All blood cells are formed in

A)bone marrow.
B)cortical bone.
C)the liver.
D)plasma.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a source of heme iron?

A)Whole grains
B)Egg
C)Poultry
D)Fish

Question 17

Milk is a poor source of

A)calcium.
B)iron and calcium.
C)iron and vitamin c
D)vitamin A and protein.

Question 18

The form of folate found in supplements and enriched cereal is

A)folate.
B)folic acid.
C)folacin.
D)None of these responses are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about iron?

A)An iron-deficient individual absorbs less iron than a person with good iron status.
B)Approximately 65% of dietary iron is absorbed.
C)Excess dietary iron is excreted readily via the kidneys.
D)Iron deficiency anemia is found most commonly among young children,adolescents,and menstruating women.

Question 20

Vitamin B-12 is supplied almost entirely by

A)human intestinal bacteria.
B)whole grain cereals and legumes.
C)animal products.
D)vegetables and fruits.

Question 21

A disorder that causes increased iron absorption leading to organ toxicity is

A)hemochromatosis.
B)hemolysis.
C)pellagra.
D)anemia.

Question 22

This vitamin,when consumed during pregnancy,can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.

A)Niacin
B)Folate
C)Riboflavin
D)B-6

Question 23

Pernicious anemia is related to impaired absorption of

A)folate.
B)vitamin B-12.
C)copper.
D)iron.

Question 24

Vitamin D and vitamin K share which of the following characteristics?

A)Both can be synthesized to some extent in the body.
B)Both affect intestinal absorption of calcium.
C)Both are involved in blood clotting.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 25

Worldwide,the most prevalent nutrient deficiency is of

A)vitamin A
B)iodine.
C)iron.
D)folate.

Question 26

Which of the following populations is most susceptible to vitamin K deficiency?

A)Vegans
B)Preschool children who are picky eaters
C)Children with cystic fibrosis
D)Older adults

Question 27

In North America,iron-deficiency anemia would be least likely in a

A)9-month-old baby boy.
B)3-year-old boy.
C)14-year-old girl.
D)55-year-old woman.

Question 28

Consuming high doses of ______ can mask signs of a vitamin B-12 deficiency.

A)vitamin B-6
B)vitamin K
C)iron
D)folate

Question 29

During the first stage of iron deficiency,

A)red blood cells are small and low in number.
B)body stores of iron are depleted.
C)circulating iron in the blood is depleted.
D)physical symptoms of iron deficiency are apparent.

Question 30

All of the following people are at risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency except

A)those who take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
B)those who take medications to lower stomach acidity.
C)breastfed babies of vegan moms.
D)those who have chronic,long-term malabsorption.

Question 31

Older adults may require a supplemental source of vitamin B-12 because

A)low intake of vitamin C impairs vitamin B-12 absorption.
B)decreased production of intrinsic factor decreases vitamin B-12 absorption.
C)increased hydrochloric acid production decreases vitamin B-12 absorption.
D)high fiber intake binds vitamin B-12.

Question 32

Vitamin C and meat protein ______ nonheme iron absorption.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)do not change

Question 33

How many sources of non-heme iron are in a meal containing a tuna sandwich on enriched bread with milk and an apple?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 34

Vitamin B-6,folate,and vitamin B-12 are required for the metabolism of

A)niacin.
B)homocysteine.
C)iron.
D)fatty acids.

Question 35

Excessive use of antibiotics can negatively impact health through effects on

A)calcium absorption.
B)vitamin D synthesis.
C)vitamin K synthesis.
D)phosphorus excretion.

Question 36

Iron is best absorbed in its ______ form.

A)coenzyme
B)nonheme
C)heme
D)synthetic

Question 37

Which of the following food combinations provides the most vitamin K?

A)Spinach salad with strawberries,blueberries,and oil and vinegar dressing
B)Ham and cheese on a whole wheat English muffin
C)Low-fat yogurt with granola and fresh berries
D)Sirloin steak,steamed green beans,and baked potato

Question 38

Anemia can result from a deficiency of

A)iron.
B)folate.
C)vitamin B-12.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 39

The abnormal red blood cells seen in pernicious anemia are due to

A)inadequate folate intake.
B)inadequate folate absorption.
C)inadequate B-12 intake.
D)inadequate B-12 absorption.

Question 40

Which of the B vitamins contains cobalt?

A)Niacin
B)Thiamin
C)Vitamin B-6
D)Vitamin B-12

Question 41

Copper is most similar to _____ in terms of food sources,absorption,and functions.

A)folate
B)vitamin B-12
C)vitamin K
D)iron

Question 42

______ is important for blood health because it is a component of several iron-transport proteins.

A)Copper
B)Folate
C)Zinc
D)Magnesium

Question 43

The MIND Diet includes plenty of

A)fruits and vegetables.
B)red meats.
C)whole milk.
D)All of these.

Question 44

Acetylcholine,dopamine,norepinephrine,and serotonin are examples of

A)neurotransmitters.
B)proteins.
C)enzymes.
D)types of nerve tissue.

Question 45

Iron found as a component of hemoglobin and myoglobin is called

A)heme iron.
B)nonheme iron.

Question 46

What is the brain's preferred fuel source?

A)Glucose
B)Protein
C)Lipid
D)Oxygen

Question 47

What is the name of the protein that transports copper in the blood?

A)Cysteine
B)Casein
C)Chaperone
D)Ceruloplasmin

Question 49

The _____ Diet is a dietary intervention that shows promising results for protecting the brain against cognitive decline.

A)Ketogenic
B)Paleo
C)MIND
D)Scholars

Question 50

Which of the following is true about diet and Alzheimer's disease?

A)High intake of aluminum can cause it.
B)Diet can prevent this condition.
C)High intakes of choline and lecithin are associated with improvement in the condition.
D)It is wise for others to oversee food planning and mealtimes to ensure nutritional adequacy.

Question 51

Which of the following minerals is important for transport and storage of iron,synthesis of hemoglobin,and synthesis of collagen?

A)Zinc
B)Selenium
C)Boron
D)Copper

Question 52

A rich source of copper is

A)dark chocolate.
B)chicken.
C)fat-free milk.
D)white rice.

Question 53

What nutrient participates in the pathways that yield energy to fuel the brain,the myelination of nerve tissue,and the formation of neurotransmitters?

A)Omega-3 and Omega-6 fatty acids
B)Folate
C)Iron
D)Iodine