Deck 15: Health Psychology Challenges for the Future

Question 1

In the future,health promotion interventions will most likely be designed for

A)female workforce.
B)child laborers.
C)small groups of adults.
D)mass consumption.

Answer 1

mass consumption.

Question 2

_____ is a window of vulnerability for most bad health habits.

A)Infancy
B)Childhood
C)Adolescence
D)Adulthood

Answer 2

Adolescence

Question 3

Several schools organize programs that expose fifth and sixth graders to antismoking material before they begin the habit of smoking.Such programs are an example of a _____ program.

A)cost containment
B)behavioral immunization
C)cost effectiveness
D)treatment effectiveness

Answer 3

behavioral immunization

Question 4

Which of the following is a health trend in the United States?

A)The percentage of smokers in the United States has increased from 19.3 percent in 2000 to 23.2 percent in
2010.
B)Most number of Americans died in traffic fatalities in 2011 than in any other year.
C)Life expectancy in the United States reached an all-time high of 78.5 years in
2009.
D)The overall percentage of adults with high cholesterol rose from 13.6 in 2008 to 14.6 in
2010.

Question 5

In general,the health for most Americans have _____ in recent years.

A)improved
B)remained unchanged
C)become more variable
D)worsened

Question 6

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)was initiated by President

A)Barack Obama.
B)George W.Bush.
C)Bill Clinton.
D)Ronald Reagan.

Question 7

A continued collaboration with the medical community and medical treatments by psychologists is vital in a

A)cost-contained approach.
B)physician-centered approach.
C)patient-centered approach.
D)cost-oriented approach.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of interventions for health-related issues?

A)All health-related issues can be solved by education.
B)Policy interventions are essential to tackle health problems.
C)Many lifestyle issues that affect health are very easy to change.
D)Physicians do not need any training as they are familiar with interventions in treatment.

Question 9

Intervention programs for older adults should focus on

A)controlling alcohol consumption.
B)producing a lower quality of life.
C)reducing accidental risks at home.
D)practicing good safety habits in automobiles.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true about the health habits of Americans?

A)Exercise has increased among Americans.
B)Obesity among American children is showing a declining trend.
C)Smoking has increased among Americans.
D)Alcohol consumption among Americans has decreased.

Question 11

In the context of health care,technology has

A)not been able to help rural population.
B)substantially reduced the need for health psychologists.
C)enabled online visits to substitute for routine office visits to physicians.
D)not been of particular help in individual interventions.

Question 12

Early drug prevention programs,such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE),are examples of _____ programs.

A)cost containment
B)behavioral immunization
C)cost effectiveness
D)treatment effectiveness

Question 13

_____ is currently endemic and will shortly supplant smoking as the major avoidable contributor to mortality.

A)Hypertension
B)Obesity
C)Deafness
D)CHD

Question 14

Significant gains in the quality of life would best be achieved by reorienting the focus of health promotion toward

A)reducing the period of morbidity.
B)delaying mortality.
C)early identification of risk factors.
D)increasing mortality.

Question 15

Sara,a health psychologist,uses technology effectively to implement behavioral interventions.To ensure that a patient with a poor memory adheres to the medicine intake schedule strictly,she will most likely

A)send electronic reminders to the patient to take medications at the appropriate time.
B)develop a website with complete information about the medicines.
C)visit the patient every day and check if medicines have been taken on time.
D)print the schedule from her computer and mail it to the patient's home.

Question 16

Which of the following is an essential goal of health care?

A)developing a common objective for different groups in a population
B)providing free health care access to children
C)preventing poor health habits from developing
D)adopting an expensive treatment plan for curing chronic diseases

Question 17

Health promotion programs that target the elderly

A)are a waste of money because health habits are established early in life.
B)will become less important as the size of the elderly cohort will decline over the next 10 years.
C)will become important as the size of the elderly cohort will continue to increase over the next 10 years.
D)will become less important because the elderly cohort is exceptionally healthy and active.

Question 18

According to the text,over the years,Americans' alcohol consumption has

A)decreased.
B)increased.
C)become more variable.
D)remained unchanged.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of people who are at risk for particular disorders?

A)Individuals at risk are unable to change their modifiable risk-relevant behaviors.
B)Everyone who is at risk for an illness will develop it.
C)Individuals at risk need to learn how to cope with their risk status.
D)Everyone at risk for a particular disorder develops additional risk factors that lead to death.

Question 20

_____ has brought insurance coverage to many of the previously uninsured in the United States.

A)State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
B)The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)
C)Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act(HIPAA)
D)Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act(COBRA)

Question 21

Women live,on average,_____ years longer than men.

A)8.5
B)2.5
C)4.5
D)6.5

Question 22

Barbara helps her clients to identify the workplace characteristics tied to stress.She designs interventions to minimize the stressors that affect them.She is a(n)_____ stress researcher.

A)occupational
B)nutritional
C)traumatic
D)episodic acute

Question 23

Low socioeconomic status is linked to

A)lower rates of chronic illnesses.
B)lower risk of accidents.
C)low-birth-weight babies.
D)high quality of life.

Question 24

Which of the following stressors is most likely to affect vulnerable populations?

A)social support
B)family income
C)smoking
D)crowding

Question 25

In the context of health care,which of the following statements is true of women?

A)Health care for women is better consolidated than for men.
B)They have the same age of onset for major diseases as men.
C)Smoking is more hazardous for women than for men.
D)They are less likely to encounter stressful conditions than men.

Question 26

In the context of health,which of the following statements is true of women?

A)They live five years longer than men.
B)They are sick more often than men.
C)They are decreasing their use of health-compromising substances.
D)They are the subjects of research in studies of many major diseases.

Question 27

Health care in the United States is

A)increasingly egalitarian.
B)easily accessible and is free of cost.
C)largely financed by the government.
D)currently a two-tiered system.

Question 28

Which of the following is an example of vulnerable population?

A)the rich
B)the insured
C)the elderly
D)men

Question 29

Which of the following statements is true of the racial and ethnic differences in health?

A)Native Americans have high levels of depression,hostility,and anxiety.
B)African Americans and whites have the same life expectancy.
C)African Americans have a higher infant mortality rate than whites.
D)Whites have a higher likelihood for chronic diseases than African Americans.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of the health care system in the United States?

A)Health care cost is highly economical in the United States.
B)Health care services are being inappropriately used by consumers.
C)Free-of-cost health care is provided by private insurance companies.
D)The United States has no history of health care reforms.

Question 31

_____ is the only country where health care for most people is financed by for-profit,minimally regulated,private insurance companies.

A)The United States
B)The United Kingdom
C)Japan
D)Australia

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true of social support?

A)Virtual self-help groups are incapable of providing social support.
B)Social support is likely to increase stress.
C)Social support is likely to benefit both the provider and the recipient.
D)Social support seldom benefits the recipient.

Question 33

In the context of promoting resilience,which of the following is a factor that reduces morbidity?

A)solitude
B)medication
C)resignation to a disease
D)marriage

Question 34

Which of the following diseases has little impact on mortality rates but has a major impact on the functioning and well-being of the population,particularly the elderly?

A)cancer
B)CHD
C)stroke
D)osteoarthritis

Question 35

_____ have poorer health at all ages and higher levels of depression,hostility,anxiety,and other emotional risk factors for chronic disease.

A)African Americans
B)Native Americans
C)Asian Americans
D)Pacific Islanders

Question 36

Maximizing the number of good years during which a person is free from the burdens of chronic illness

A)has no effect on the patients.
B)reduces the mortality rate.
C)increases the financial burden of that person's family.
D)produces a higher quality of life.

Question 37

Refocusing health promotion strategies toward morbidity

A)reduces health care costs.
B)produces a lower quality of life.
C)is unnecessary as death is inevitable.
D)is not a productive move.

Question 38

_____ play an important role in creating responsible and informed health care consumers and in the development and design of health services.

A)Social workers
B)Self-help groups
C)Academic institutions
D)Health psychologists

Question 39

In the context of health care,which of the following statements is true of the United States?

A)It has the longest life expectancy in the world.
B)It has the lowest infant mortality rate in the world.
C)It spends more on health care than any other country in the world.
D)It provides the best quality of health care among the developed countries of the world.

Question 40

Which of the following statements is true of health insurance in the United States?

A)Women are more likely than men to have health insurance.
B)More than 13 percent of the population has no health insurance.
C)Health insurance for majority of people is provided by nonprofit organizations.
D)The health insurance industry is a heavily regulated industry.

Question 41

Pain management programs,hospices,and CHD rehabilitation programs are examples of

A)coordinated intervention models.
B)outpatient treatment models.
C)comprehensive intervention models.
D)fee-for-service models.

Question 42

There is no decisive proof that psychological and biological states influence each other.

Question 43

The first step in developing cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life is

A)to allow patients to treat themselves in nontraditional ways.
B)to discuss the ethical issues surrounding death and dying with patients.
C)to inform patients about the costs involved in the treatment.
D)to conduct initial assessment during the acute period.

Question 44

Changes in society,technology,and microorganisms are leading to

A)the decreased frequency of chronic illness among children.
B)the disappearance of all the chronic diseases.
C)the decrease in the cost of treatment.
D)the emergence of new diseases.

Question 45

_____ is a subfield within psychology that gives importance to studies on health of children and the factors affecting it.

A)Social psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Physiological psychology
D)Developmental psychology

Question 46

Emma wants to become a health psychologist and conduct research on the lifestyle choices that impact the management of type II diabetes.To what kind of graduate program should Emma apply?

A)social psychology
B)clinical psychology
C)physiological psychology
D)developmental psychology

Question 47

Trends within medical care suggest that the problem of patient-provider communication is likely to

A)improve.
B)worsen.
C)discontinue after treatment.
D)become less important.

Question 48

_____ is a subfield within psychology that focuses heavily on the biology and neurological aspects of health psychology.

A)Social psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Physiological psychology
D)Developmental psychology

Question 49

_____ medicine is the conscientious,explicit,judicious use of the best scientific proof for making decisions about the care of individual patients.

A)Treatment effective
B)Cost-contained
C)Cost effective
D)Evidence-based

Question 50

Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate

A)all the available nontraditional treatment methods.
B)assessment only during the terminal period of illness.
C)restrictions on addressing ethical issues surrounding death and dying.
D)cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.

Question 51

The use of new technologies in medical care may be intimidating for some people.A health psychologist can assist such patients and their families by

A)testifying before government committees on the hazards of technology.
B)teaching them control-enhancing techniques to help reduce fear.
C)advising the patients' physicians on ethical issues.
D)developing complex decision-making tools.

Question 52

Comprehensive intervention models

A)are usually geared to specific diseases or disorders.
B)do not provide care for chronic conditions.
C)have proven to be less expensive than other intervention models.
D)do not define the highest quality of care and treatment effectiveness.

Question 53

_____ is a branch of health psychology that primarily focuses on interventions with patients.

A)Social psychology
B)Clinical psychology
C)Physiological psychology
D)Developmental psychology

Question 54

The current trend toward cost containment pushes health psychology in the direction of research questions designed to

A)develop readily available low-cost inpatient services.
B)keep people within the health care system.
C)increase the costs of providing health care services.
D)develop interventions that are symptom focused.

Question 55

_____ testing enables an increasing number of people to know that they have a risk for illness even before they develop that illness.

A)Stress
B)Psychometric
C)Genetic
D)Psychological

Question 56

As the elderly population increases,a corresponding increase is expected in the incidence of

A)acute,life-threatening disorders.
B)accidental deaths.
C)chronic disorders.
D)SIDS.

Question 57

Which of the following statements is true of health psychologists working in academic settings?

A)They are highly likely to provide cognitive-behavioral interventions to patients.
B)They are not likely to uncover the factors associated with the onset of illnesses.
C)They are likely to educate physicians,nurses,and other health care workers.
D)They are not likely to discover the factors associated with the maintenance of health.

Question 58

Which of the following statements is true of the recent trends in international health?

A)Life expectancy has decreased significantly in developing countries.
B)Smoking has increased in developing countries.
C)Countries that are becoming modernized are gaining the exercise benefits of an active lifestyle.
D)The rate of occurrence of chronic diseases have decreased in most developing countries.

Question 59

The most significant change in American health care that has implications for health psychology is

A)the expense of high technology.
B)the trends in physician education.
C)the rapid growth of prepaid,colleague-centered services.
D)the increasing preference for private,client-centered practices.

Question 60

_____ have an important role to play in addressing thorny issues such as assisted suicide,living will,and the patient's right to die.

A)Clinical psychologists
B)Therapists
C)Health psychologists
D)Psychiatrists

Question 61

The issue of treatment effectiveness is becoming less urgent because behavioral and psychological interventions have become well established in managed health care systems.

Question 62

Discuss the path to becoming a health psychologist.How can undergraduate,graduate,and postgraduate work contribute toward gaining employment?

Question 63

There is no role for health psychologists in international health.

Question 64

Americans have made substantial gains in changing their poor health habits,including reduced consumption of high-cholesterol and high-fat foods.

Question 65

Briefly discuss the impact of cost containment pressures in health care.Give examples of low-cost interventions used in clinical practice.

Question 66

The health needs of vulnerable populations-the children,the elderly,and the poor- are given special priority in the study of stress and its reduction.

Question 67

African Americans have higher rates of most chronic diseases and disorders than whites.

Question 68

To date,research has yet to establish the effectiveness of behavioral immunization programs that address health habits such as smoking,drug abuse,and diet.

Question 69

Behavioral immunization programs can be effectively used in health promotion among children.Justify the statement with examples.

Question 70

As medicine becomes technologically more complex,the use of control-enhancing interventions will become even more important.

Question 71

In the context of technological advances,discuss the role and importance of health psychologists in the changing medical practices.

Question 72

Low socioeconomic status (SES)is linked to higher rates of chronic illness and low-birth-weight babies.

Question 73

Explain comprehensive intervention models with examples.

Question 74

Research suggests that because men and women differ biologically,smoking is only half as hazardous for women as for men.

Question 75

The adverse effect of low socioeconomic status on health is true only for men and is not associated with women.