Deck 21: Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Question 1

Which one of these elements is not a gas at room temperature?

A)chlorine
B)fluorine
C)nitrogen
D)oxygen
E)sulfur

Answer 1

sulfur

Question 2

Phosphoric acid is the most important of the phosphorus oxoacids. Industrially, phosphoric acid is prepared by

A)the Ostwald process.
B)the Haber process.
C)the reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid.
D)the reaction of P₄O₁₀ with water.
E)the Frasch process.

Answer 2

the reaction of phosphate rock with sulfuric acid.

Question 3

Which of these elements occupies a position on the periodic table that is not entirely consistent with its chemical properties?

A)H
B)He
C)Ar
D)Al
E)U

Answer 3

H

Question 4

Which of these species is not an acidic oxide?

A)P₄O₁₀
B)P₄O₆
C)SO₃
D)CO
E)SiO₂

Question 5

The presence of ozone in the upper atmosphere is important because

A)O₃ absorbs outgoing radiation from the earth's surface, thus helping to keep the earth warm.
B)O₃ absorbs harmful solar radiation.
C)O₃ dissolves in water droplets and is very reactive.
D)O₃ is a major reactant in photosynthesis.

Question 6

Which of these substances is being considered as a replacement fuel for gasoline?

A)D₂O
B)H₂
C)NO₂
D)F₂
E)He

Question 7

Which of these reactions is an example of nitrogen fixation?

A)2N₂O $\to$ 2N₂ + O₂
B)NH₃ + H₂O $\to$ NH₄⁺ + OH^-
C)N₂ + O₂ $\to$ 2NO
D)2NO₂ + H₂O $\to$ HNO₂ + HNO₃
E)2NO + O₂ $\to$ 2NO₂

Question 8

Water gas is

A)H₂O(g)
B)an aqueous solution of various hydrocarbons.
C)a mixture of CO(g)and H₂(g).
D)a mixture of CO₂(g)and H₂O(g).
E)a dilute solution of H₂CO₃(aq)formed by dissolving CO₂(g)in water.

Question 9

A chemical formula of the carbide ion is

A)Si^4-
B)C₂^-
C)C₂^2-
D)CN^-
E)C₃^-

Question 10

Which one of these elements is a liquid at room temperature?

A)bromine
B)chlorine
C)fluorine
D)iodine
E)selenium

Question 11

Which of these substances is the active ingredient in ordinary household bleach?

A)HCl
B)Cl₂
C)NaCl
D)NaClO
E)NaClO₄

Question 12

When phosphate rock, Ca₃(PO₄)₂(s), is converted to phosphorus,

A)one of the products of the reaction is water.
B)sulfuric acid is added to generate insoluble calcium sulfate.
C)hydrogen is used to reduce the phosphate to phosphorus.
D)silica is added to form a calcium silicate slag.
E)oxygen must be added to prevent reaction of P₄.

Question 13

Which of these hydrides is the most ionic?

A)LiH
B)NaH
C)CH₄
D)NH₃
E)RbH

Question 14

The Ostwald process is the main method for the manufacture of nitric acid. In the first step of this process

A)nitrogen and hydrogen react to form NH₃.
B)ammonia is burned in O₂ to generate N₂ and H₂O.
C)nitrogen and oxygen react to form NO₂.
D)nitrogen and oxygen react to form NO.
E)ammonia is burned with O₂ to generate NO and H₂O.

Question 15

When liquid phosphorus trichloride reacts with water, the products are

A)PCl₅ and H₃PO₄.
B)H₃PO₃ and Cl₂.
C)H₃PO₄ and HCl.
D)H₃PO₄ and Cl₂.
E)H₃PO₃ and HCl.

Question 16

The term catenation describes the

A)tendency of carbon atoms to form cations in the presence of alkali metals.
B)process of creating synthetic gas from coal.
C)extraction of precious metals with sodium or potassium cyanide.
D)ability of carbon atoms to form long chains and rings.
E)interaction of Group 4A elements with Group 8A elements at high pressures and temperatures to form coordination compounds.

Question 17

When in the liquid state, which one of these substances resembles water, insofar as it is a solvent for many electrolytes and even undergoes autoionization as water does?

A)N₂
B)Cl₂
C)NH₃
D)N₂O
E)Xe

Question 18

Which of these industrial chemicals is produced in the greatest amount annually?

A)HNO₃
B)H₃PO₄
C)H₂
D)H₂SO₄
E)HClO₃

Question 19

Ozone (O₃)and oxygen gas (O₂)are examples of

A)isotopes.
B)allotropes.
C)polymorphs.
D)alloys.
E)amphoterism.

Question 20

Which of the following will oxidize gold?

A)concentrated nitric acid
B)concentrated hydrochloric acid
C)aqua regia, a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid
D)all of the above can oxidize gold
E)none of the above can oxidize gold because it is a noble metal and too low on the activity series

Question 21

Alkali metal hydrides are very reactive with water, forming H₂ gas.

Question 22

Hydrogen plays an important role in many industrial processes. Write a balanced chemical equation for its production by the reaction of propane (C₃H₈, obtained from natural gas)and steam.

Question 23

What is carborundum, and how is it prepared.What physical property of carborundum makes it a useful material?

Question 24

Write the formula for the binary hydride you would expect calcium to form.

Question 25

Why is it especially dangerous to mix cyanide salts with acids? Write a chemical equation to illustrate your answer.

Question 26

P₄O₆ and P₄O₁₀ are allotropes of phosphorus.

Question 27

What element is the most abundant by mass in Earth's crust?

A)Fe
B)H
C)K
D)P
E)O

Question 28

Write the chemical formula of the peroxide ion.

Question 29

Which of these aqueous solutions has the highest pH?

A)0.100 M NaOH
B)0.100 M Na₂O
C)0.100 M Na₃N
D)all of these solutions have the same pH due to the leveling effect
E)these all are solutions of weak bases, so K_b values are needed in order to decide

Question 30

Hydrogen plays an important role in many industrial processes. Write a balanced chemical equation for its production by the water gas reaction.

Question 31

Chlorine gas is prepared commercially by

A)electrolysis of carbon tetrachloride.
B)oxidation of chloride ion with F₂(g).
C)electrolysis of NaCl(aq).
D)oxidation of chloride ion with Br₂(aq).
E)electrolysis of AlCl₃(aq).

Question 32

Of the three oxides SiO₂, MgO, and P₄O₁₀, the most acidic oxide is P₄O₁₀.

Question 33

Write a balanced chemical equation to show the production of chlorine by the chlor-alkali process.

Question 34

The bond energy of F₂ is anomalously low, in comparison with the other halogens, due to the small size of the fluorine atom. Which of the following periodic properties is also anomalously low in the case of fluorine?

A)first ionization energy
B)electron affinity
C)electronegativity
D)diatomic bond length
E)ionic radius

Question 35

Write the chemical formula of the oxide ion.

Question 36

The main commercial source of bromine is

A)silver bromide ore.
B)seawater.
C)the Frasch process.
D)phosphate rock.
E)the Ostwald process.

Question 37

Which one of these species exists as a diatomic element at room temperature?

A)Na
B)N
C)B
D)Ar
E)P

Question 38

Write the chemical formula of the superoxide ion.

Question 39

Write an equation for a laboratory preparation of nitrogen gas.

Question 40

Which of these aqueous solutions has the lowest pH?

A)0.100 M NaOH
B)0.100 M Na₂O
C)0.100 M Na₃N
D)all of these solutions have the same pH due to the leveling effect
E)these all are solutions of weak bases, so K_b values are needed in order to decide

Question 41

The chemistry of fluorine differs in many ways from that of the rest of the halogens.