Deck 22: The Main-Group Elements

Question 1

What is the Lewis electron dot structure for the hydride ion?

A)H⁺
B)H: ^-
C)H ∙
D)H₃O⁺

Answer 1

H: ^-

Question 2

The net ionic reaction of solid CaH₂ with water is

A)CaH₂(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Ca(OH)₂(aq)+ 2 H₂(g).
B)CaH₂(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Ca²⁺(aq)+ 2 OH^-(aq)+ 2 H₂(g).
C)H^-(aq)+ H₂O(l)→ OH^-(aq)+ H₂(g).
D)CaH₂(s)+ H₂O(l)→ CaO(s)+ 2 H₂(g).

Answer 2

CaH₂(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Ca²⁺(aq)+ 2 OH^-(aq)+ 2 H₂(g).

Question 3

Second row elements differ from heavier elements in all of the following ways except

A)atoms of second row elements are smaller.
B)atoms of second row elements have higher electronegativities.
C)heavier elements commonly form multiple bonds while second row elements cannot.
D)heavier elements have electrons in d orbitals while second row elements do not.

Answer 3

heavier elements commonly form multiple bonds while second row elements cannot.

Question 4

In general,metallic character

A)increases down a column because the orbitals become more compact.
B)decreases down a column because the orbitals become more compact.
C)increases across a row because the effective nuclear charge increases.
D)increases down a column because the orbitals become more diffuse.

Question 5

Which is not a chemical reaction of the alkali metal potassium?

A)K(s)+ O₂(g)→ KO₂(s)
B)2 K(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 2 KOH(aq)+ H₂(g)
C)2 K(s)+ H₂(g)→ 2 KH(s)
D)6 K(s)+ N₂(g)→ 2 K₃N(s)

Question 6

Electronegativity of main-group elements generally

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 7

Which of the following are properties not typically associated with second row elements?

A)Ability to form multiple bonds easily.
B)Ability to form good π bond overlap.
C)Ability to form covalent networks.
D)Small sizes of atoms.

Question 8

As one traverses the periodic table from left to right,the effective nuclear charge Z_eff increases.As a result of this the periodic properties of

A)atomic size increases,IE increases,EA increases and electronegativity increases.
B)atomic size decreases,IE increases,EA increases and electronegativity increases.
C)atomic size decreases,IE decreases,EA increases and electronegativity increases.
D)atomic size decreases,IE increases,EA decreases and electronegativity increases.

Question 9

Which is not a chemical reaction of the alkali metal sodium?

A)4 Na(s)+ 2 O₂(g)→ 2 Na₂O(s)+ Na₂O₂(s)
B)2 Na(s)+ 2 NH₃(l)→ 2 NaNH₂(sol)+ H₂(g)
C)2 Na(s)+ Cl₂(g)→ 2 NaCl(s)
D)2 Na(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 2 NaOH(aq)+ H₂(g)

Question 10

Which alkali metal reacts with nitrogen to form a nitride?

A)Li
B)Na
C)K
D)All of these

Question 11

The alkali metals Li and Na are commercially produced by

A)chemical reduction of their molten salts.
B)electrolysis of their molten salts.
C)thermal decomposition of their molten metal halides.
D)thermal decomposition of their molten metal oxides.

Question 12

Among the main-group elements the number of semimetals is

A)five.
B)six.
C)seven.
D)eight.

Question 13

Atomic radius of main-group elements generally

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 14

Hydrogen,H₂,has a very low boiling point.What is the force that must be overcome in order to boil hydrogen?

A)dipole-dipole
B)H-H covalent bonding
C)hydrogen bonding
D)London dispersion

Question 15

Metallic character for the main group elements generally

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 16

Ionization energy of main-group elements generally

A)increases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
B)increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.
C)decreases from left to right across a period and increases down a group.
D)decreases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group.

Question 17

Covalent hydrides of the type MH₃ are likely to form with elements of what group?

A)3A
B)4A
C)5A
D)6A

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true about elements with metallic character?

A)Elements with a low ionization energy are more likely to be nonmetallic.
B)Elements with a high electronegativity are more likely to be metallic.
C)Elements with a high electronegativity and low ionization energy are more likely to be metallic.
D)Elements with a low electronegativity,low ionization energy,and malleability are more likely to be metallic.

Question 19

Identify a Group 2A element with the smallest radius.

A)Na
B)Ca
C)Sr
D)F

Question 20

What is not a true statement?

A)BeO is amphoteric but the oxides of the other group 2A elements are basic.
B)B differs from other elements of group 3A by forming mainly covalent molecular compounds.
C)BF₃ is a gaseous molecular halide but AlF₃ is a high melting ionic solid.
D)Compounds with C=C double bonds and Si=Si double bonds are quite common.

Question 21

Calcium,strontium,and barium are all prepared commercially by the same method which is

A)electrolysis of the molten metal oxides.
B)electrolysis of the molten metal halides.
C)chemical reduction of the metal oxides with aluminium.
D)chemical reduction of the metal halides with oxygen.

Question 22

Which of the group 3A elements is the only one to readily form a +1 ion?

A)B
B)Al
C)In
D)Tl

Question 23

Which one of the following compounds contains a three-center,two electron (3c-2e)bond?

A)B₂H₆
B)C₂H₄
C)N₂H₄
D)H₂O₂

Question 24

Compared to the terminal B-H bonds the bridging H-B bonds in B₂H₆ are

A)longer and stronger.
B)longer and weaker.
C)shorter and stronger.
D)shorter and weaker.

Question 25

Which M³⁺ ion of group 3A elements is the easiest to reduce?

A)B
B)Al
C)Ga
D)In

Question 26

Which is not generally considered to be a chemical reaction of the alkaline earth metal calcium?

A)Ca(s)+ Cl₂(g)→ CaCl₂(s)
B)2 Ca(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 2 Ca(OH)₂(aq)+ H₂(g)
C)6 Ca(s)+ 2 N₂(g)→ 2 Ca₃N₂(s)
D)Ca(s)+ O₂(g)→ CaO₂(s)

Question 27

One of the group 3A elements is extremely toxic due to the similarities in chemistry of one of its ions to alkali metal chemistry.Which element is it?

A)B
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 28

The alkali metals K,Rb,and Cs are commercially produced by

A)chemical reduction of their molten salts.
B)electrolysis of their molten salts.
C)thermal decomposition of their molten metal halides.
D)thermal decomposition of their molten metal oxides.

Question 29

Of the following elements,which has a melting point slightly above room temperature?

A)B
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 30

The strongest reducing agent in the group 3A is

A)B.
B)Al.
C)Ga.
D)Tl.

Question 31

Some commercial drain cleaners contain aluminum chips and sodium hydroxide pellets.When water is added to this mixture a vigorous reaction takes place which is best represented as

A)2 Al(s)+ 6 H⁺(aq)→ 2 Al³⁺(aq)+ 3 H₂(g).
B)2 Al(s)+ 2 OH^-(aq)+ 6 H₂O(l)→ 2 Al(OH)₄^-(aq)+ 3 H₂(g).
C)2 Al(s)+ 6 H₂O(l)→ 2 Al(OH)₃ + 3 H₂(g).
D)2 Al(s)+ 3 Cu²⁺(aq)→ 2 Al³⁺(aq)+ 2 Cu(s).

Question 32

Which compound contains hydrogen atoms that form two types of bonds?

A)B₂H₆
B)C₂H₂
C)C₆H₆
D)N₂H₄

Question 33

What are the common oxidation states of the Group 3A elements Al and Tl?

A)both are +3
B)+3 for Al and +1 for Tl
C)+3 for Al and both +1 and +3 for Tl
D)+3 for Al and +1,+3,and -5 for Tl

Question 34

What is the hybridization of boron in diborane B₂H₆?

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)None of these

Question 35

The first ionization energy of gallium is greater than that of aluminum and the first ionization energy of thallium is greater than that of indium.A possible explanation for this is

A)This is the normal trend in ionization energy.
B)Both Ga and Tl prefer to lose three electrons rather than one.
C)Both Ga and Tl follow transition elements which are excellent shielders of nuclear charge.
D)Ga follows a series of transition elements and Tl follows both a series of transition elements and inner transition elements which are poor shielders of nuclear charge.

Question 36

An incorrect statement about the alkaline earth metals is

A)Melting points generally decrease as one descends the group.
B)Densities are less than those of the corresponding alkali elements of the same period.
C)Ionic radii of the M²⁺ ion increases as one descends the group.
D)The first ionization energy is less than that of the second ionization energy.

Question 37

Which is not generally considered to be a chemical reaction of the alkaline earth metal magnesium?

A)2 Mg(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2 MgO(s)at room temperature
B)3 Mg(s)+ N₂(g)→ Mg₃N₂(s)at elevated temperatures
C)Mg(s)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ Mg(OH)₂(s)+ H₂(g)at room temperature
D)Mg(s)+ F₂(g)→ MgF₂(s)at room temperature

Question 38

Which group 3A element has the largest liquid range of any known element?

A)Al
B)Ga
C)In
D)Tl

Question 39

What is not an appropriate method for the isolation of elemental boron?

A)refluxing borax with sodium peroxide
B)high temperature reduction of B₂O₃ with magnesium
C)high temperature reduction of BBr₃ with hydrogen over a Ta wire
D)electrolytic reduction of aqueous B(OH)₃

Question 40

Group 2A metals tend to be somewhat less reactive than alkali metals,and the order of their reactivity is

A)Ba > Sr > Ca > Mg > Be.
B)Be > Mg > Ca > Sr > Ba.
C)Ca > Mg > Be > Ba > Sr.
D)Sr > Ca > Mg > Be > Ba.

Question 41

What statement is not consistent with the chemistry of tin?

A)It is abstracted from the mineral cassiterite by reduction of the oxide with carbon.
B)It is an important component of alloys such as bronze,pewter,and some solders.
C)It is a relatively abundant ore within the earth's crust.
D)It is used as a protective coating over steel in making tin cans.

Question 42

Which element of group 4A has the highest melting point?

A)C
B)Si
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 43

What is the molecular structure of germanium that is used in semiconductors?

A)body centered
B)diamond-like
C)graphite-like
D)simple cubic

Question 44

What statement is inconsistent about graphite?

A)Carbon sheets are separated by a distance of 335 pm and are held together by weak London dispersion forces.
B)Electrical conductivity parallel to the planar sheets is 10²⁰ times greater than the conductivity of diamond.
C)Pi electrons are delocalized and free to move perpendicular to the plane of the hexagonal sheets.
D)A two-dimensional sheetlike structure in which each C atom uses sp² hybrid orbitals.

Question 45

Electrical conductivity in graphite is maximized

A)parallel to the pi framework and parallel to the planar C atom framework.
B)perpendicular to the pi framework and parallel to the planar C atom framework.
C)parallel to the pi framework and perpendicular to the planar C atom framework.
D)perpendicular to the pi framework and perpendicular to the planar C atom framework.

Question 46

What is not a reaction commonly associated with carbon dioxide?

A)Oxyhemoglobin + CO₂ ⇌ Carboxyhemoglobin + O₂
B)C₆H₁₂O₆(aq)+ 6 O₂(g)⇌ 6 CO₂(g)+ 6 H₂O(l)
C)CaCO₃(s)+ heat → CaO(s)+ CO₂(g)
D)CO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)⇌ H⁺(aq)+ HCO₃^-(aq)

Question 47

What element was one of the "holes" in Mendeleev's periodic table?

A)Si
B)Ge
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 48

What is the ground state valence shell electron configuration of a group 4A element?

A)ns⁰ np⁴
B)ns¹ np³
C)ns² np²
D)ns² np⁴

Question 49

Which element of group 4A has the greatest density?

A)C
B)Ge
C)Sn
D)Pb

Question 50

Which allotrope of carbon has the atoms arranged in a spherical array?

A)coke
B)diamond
C)fullerene
D)graphite

Question 51

Which one of the following is the best electrical conductor?

A)C (diamond)
B)C (graphite)
C)P₄
D)S₈

Question 52

What is the structure of the "gray" allotropic form of tin that is used as a semiconductor?

A)body centered
B)diamond-like
C)graphite-like
D)simple cubic

Question 53

Which statement is not consistent with the chemistry of group 4A elements?

A)Elements have the outer valence electron configuration of ns^2np2.
B)The most common oxidation state for the elements of the group is +4.
C)The +4 oxidation state compounds are ionic and the +2 oxidation state compounds are covalent.
D)The +2 oxidation state for lead is the most stable.

Question 54

What statement is inconsistent about fullerene?

A)It is an allotrope of carbon and the C₆₀ form has soccer ball shape.
B)The C₆₀ form of fullerene is a good oxidizing agent.
C)The C₆₀ fullerene is a molecular substance.
D)The C₆₀ form of fullerene is soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

Question 55

Carbon is the ________ most abundant element by mass in living organisms.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 56

White tin is the high temperature form of the metal.Given that the density of gray tin is 5.769 g/cm³ and that of white tin is 7.28 g/cm³ raising the pressure will favor the

A)more dense allotrope and lower the transition temperature of 13.2°C.
B)more dense allotrope and raise the transition temperature of 13.2°C.
C)less dense allotrope and lower the transition temperature of 13.2°C.
D)less dense allotrope and raise the transition temperature of 13.2°C.

Question 57

What statement is not consistent with the chemistry of lead?

A)It has the highest density of the group 4A elements.
B)It is commonly used as a fuel additive in gasoline to boost the octane rating.
C)It is obtained from its ore galena (PbS)by roasting in air and then by reduction with carbon monoxide.
D)It is used in making pipes,cables,paint pigments and electrodes for storage batteries.

Question 58

What statement is inconsistent about carbon monoxide?

A)It is a colorless,odorless and toxic gas.
B)It is formed by burning carbon or hydrocarbon in excess oxygen.
C)One of its main industrial uses is in the synthesis of methanol,CH₃OH.
D)Toxicity of CO results from its ability to bond strongly to iron(II)atom in hemoglobin.

Question 59

What statement is inconsistent about diamond?

A)A covalent network structure in which each C atom uses sp³ hybrid orbitals.
B)A tetrahedral array of σ bonds with bond lengths of 154 pm.
C)The hardest known substance with the highest melting point for an element.
D)When an electrical potential is applied diamond becomes a valuable semiconductor.

Question 60

Which element of group 4A has the greatest electronegativity?

A)C
B)Si
C)Ge
D)Sn

Question 61

Why does Cu dissolve in concentrated nitric acid but not in concentrated hydrochloric acid?

A)The chloride ion is a stronger oxidizing agent than the nitrate ion.
B)The hydrochloric acid is not as strong as nitric acid.
C)The hydrochloric acid produces insufficient hydronium ion to react with the copper.
D)The nitrate ion is a stronger oxidizing agent than the hydronium ion.

Question 62

If the anhydride of nitrous acid (HNO₂)is N₂O₃ then what is the anhydride of nitric acid (HNO₃)?

A)NO₂
B)NO₃
C)N₂O₃
D)N₂O₅

Question 63

What is not a key step in the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process?

A)4 NH₃(g)+ 5 O₂(g)→ 4 NO(g)+ 6 H₂O(l)
B)2 NO(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2 NO₂(g)
C)3 NO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)→ 2 HNO₃(aq)+ NO(g)
D)N₂(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2 NO(g)

Question 64

Which element of group 5A has the highest melting point?

A)nitrogen
B)white phosphorus
C)antimony
D)bismuth

Question 65

What is not a reaction commonly associated with cyanide ion?

A)H⁺(aq)+ CN^-(aq)→ HCN(aq)
B)Ag⁺(aq)+ CN^-(aq)→ AgCN(s)
C)4 Au(s)+ 8 CN^-(aq)+ O₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(l)→ 4 Au(CN)₂^-(aq)+ 4 OH^-(aq)
D)CN^-(aq)+ H₂(g)→ HCN(aq)+ H^-(aq)

Question 66

Mica cleaves into thin sheets because at the molecular level its structure is

A)one dimensional.
B)two dimensional.
C)three dimensional.
D)None of these.

Question 67

In which compound is nitrogen in its highest possible oxidation state?

A)NH₃
B)N₂H₄
C)HNO₂
D)HNO₃

Question 68

Which of the following species has its N atom or atoms in the -1 oxidation state?

A)N₂H₄
B)NH₂OH
C)N₂O
D)HONO

Question 69

What is the chemical equation for the production of hydrazine?

A)N₂(g)+ 3 H₂(g)→ 2 NH₃(g)
B)2 NH₃(aq)+ OCl^-(aq)→ N₂H₄(aq)+ H₂O(l)+ Cl^-(aq)
C)4 NH₃(g)+ 5 O₂(g)→ 4 NO(g)+ 6 H₂O(l)
D)Au(s)+ 3 NO₃^-(aq)+ 6 H⁺(aq)+ 4 Cl^-(aq)→ AuCl₄^-(aq)+ 3 NO₂(g)+ H₂O(l)

Question 70

What statement about nitrogen is not consistent with its chemistry?

A)It is a colorless,odorless,tasteless gas.
B)It makes up 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume.
C)It is the most volatile component of liquid air with a boiling point of -196°C.
D)It readily reacts with hydrogen to form NH₃ that is used in fertilizers.

Question 71

In which compound is nitrogen in its lowest possible oxidation state?

A)NH₃
B)N₂H₄
C)HNO₂
D)HNO₃

Question 72

Which statement is most inconsistent with the chemistry of silicon?

A)In nature,it is generally found combined with oxygen in SiO₂ and in various silicate minerals.
B)It crystallizes in a diamond-like structure and does not form the graphite-like allotrope.
C)It is a hard,gray,semiconducting solid that melts at 1410°C.
D)It is obtained by oxidation of silica sand with coke.

Question 73

Which one of the following is a pseudohalide?

A)CO₃^2-
B)OH^-
C)CN^-
D)SO₄^2-

Question 74

Which one of the following has a two-dimensional layer structure?

A)silica,SiO₂
B)zircon,ZrSiO₄
C)talc,Mg₃(OH)₂(Si₄O₁₀)
D)tremolite asbestos,Ca₂Mg₅(Si₄O₁₁)(OH)₂

Question 75

Which one of the following carbides is not a correct formula?

A)CaC₂
B)Fe₃C
C)SiC
D)None of these

Question 76

What is the charge,n,in the ion Si₄O₁₀ⁿ that is found in talc?

A)2 -
B)4 -
C)8 -
D)10 -

Question 77

What is the Haber process?

A)the isolation of N₂ from the atmosphere
B)the synthesis of ammonia,NH₃
C)the synthesis of nitric acid,HNO₃
D)the synthesis of hydrazine,N₂H₄

Question 78

Which element of group 5A has the most basic oxide?

A)N
B)P
C)As
D)Bi

Question 79

What is one method of making "laughing gas"?

A)NH₄NO₃(s)+ heat → N₂O(g)+ 2 H₂O(l)
B)3 Cu(s)+ 2 NO₃^-(aq)+ 8 H⁺(aq)→ 3 Cu²⁺(aq)+ 2 NO(g)+ 4 H₂O(l)
C)Cu(s)+ 2 NO₃^-(aq)+ 4 H⁺(aq)→ Cu²⁺(aq)+ 2 NO₂(g)+ 2 H₂O(l)
D)2 NO(g)+ O₂(g)→ 2 NO₂(g)

Question 80

SiO₂ can be classified as a(n)

A)amorphous solid.
B)covalent network solid.
C)ionic solid.
D)molecular solid.