Deck 21: Metals and Solid-State Materials

Question 1

Why is CaCO₃ added to a blast furnace in the steel making process?

A)to give a source of CO₂
B)to remove basic oxides from the iron ore
C)to remove silicates and phosphates from the iron ore
D)to remove unreactive carbon from the iron ore

Answer 1

to remove silicates and phosphates from the iron ore

Question 2

Choose the words that best explain why some metals such as Pt and Au are found naturally as pure elements.Metals with a ________ reduction potential are more likely to form compounds and less likely be found as a pure element.

A)highly positive
B)slightly positive
C)highly negative
D)slightly negative

Answer 2

highly positive

Question 3

Limnite is an ore having a formula that is sometimes written as an iron(III)oxide hydrate,Fe₂O₃·xH₂O.If 1.00 kg of limnite produces 0.747 kg of anhydrous Fe₂O₃ upon heating,what is the number of waters of hydration x in the Fe₂O₃·xH₂O?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Zinc occurs in sulfide ores.How many liters of SO₂(g)are produced at STP for each kilogram of roasted ore that is 70% zinc sulfide?

A)160 L
B)230 L
C)460 L
D)660 L

Question 5

When zinc sulfide undergoes roasting,the products are

A)Zn and S.
B)Zn and H₂S.
C)ZnO and S.
D)ZnO and SO₂.

Question 6

How is slag separated from molten ore in a blast furnace?

A)chemical treatment
B)density differences
C)distillation
D)magnetic differences

Question 7

What is not an appropriate method of isolating the metals shown?

A)HgS(s)+ O₂(g)+ heat → Hg(g)+ SO₂(g)
B)ZnO(s)+ C(s)+ heat → Zn(g)+ CO(g)
C)WO₃(s)+ 3 H₂(g)+ heat → W(s)+ 3 H₂O(g)
D)Al₂O₃(s)+ 2 Cr(s)+ heat → Cr₂O₃(s)+ 2 Al(l)

Question 8

What is not a major component of slag?

A)CaSiO₃
B)Ca₃(PO₄)₂
C)Fe₂O₃
D)MnSiO₃

Question 9

How does one commercially reduce the metal oxides or chlorides of sodium and magnesium?

A)electrolysis of the molten salts
B)high temperature reduction with aluminum
C)high temperature reduction with carbon
D)roasting

Question 10

Which oxide ore will yield the greatest number of grams of pure metal per kilogram of ore?

A)cassiterite,SnO₂
B)hematite,Fe₂O₃
C)pyrolusite,MnO₂
D)rutile,TiO₂

Question 11

What is the chemical process most likely to be used to purify zirconium metal?

A)distillation
B)electrorefining
C)reaction with carbon monoxide (a Mond process)
D)reaction with iodine

Question 12

What is not a metallurgy process?

A)environmental reconstruction of the landscape
B)extraction of metals from their ores
C)making of alloys and metallic composites
D)reduction of the mineral to the free metal

Question 13

Which of the following steps is not always necessary in the extraction of a metal from its ore?

A)chemical treatment prior to reduction
B)concentration of the ore
C)reduction of the mineral to the free metal
D)refining or purification of the metal

Question 14

Vanadium ore contains two isotopes of vanadium,⁵⁰V and ⁵¹V.The least abundant isotope is radioactive and undergoes beta capture.What is the product of the beta decay?

A).⁵⁰Cr
B).⁵¹Cr
C).⁵⁰Ti
D).⁵¹Ti

Question 15

Why is silicon dioxide added to molten iron in the basic oxygen process?

A)to remove acidic oxides from the molten iron
B)to remove manganese oxide from the molten iron
C)to remove phosphates and carbonates from the molten iron
D)to remove trace amounts of carbon from the molten iron

Question 16

What is the name of the process commonly associated with the isolation and concentration of Al₂O₃ from the ore bauxite (Al₂O₃ ∙ xH₂O)?

A)basic oxygen process
B)bayer process
C)contact process
D)mond process

Question 17

What conditions favor the decomposition of Ni(CO)₄ into Ni and CO after equilibrium is established in the reaction Ni(s)+ 4 CO(g)⇌ Ni(CO)₄(g)that has both ΔH and ΔS being negative?

A)decrease volume
B)increase pressure
C)increase temperature
D)simultaneously increase the pressure and decrease volume

Question 18

What is the chemical process most likely to be used to purify nickel metal?

A)distillation
B)electrorefining
C)reaction with carbon monoxide (a Mond process)
D)reaction with iodine

Question 19

In the reaction shown below calcium phosphate slag is formed from a reaction of calcium oxide with phosphoric anhydride. 6 CaO(s)+ P₄O₁₀(l)→ 2 Ca₃(PO₄)₂(l)
CaO is a(n)________ oxide,and P₄O₁₀ is a(n)________ oxide.

A)acidic,acidic
B)acidic,basic
C)basic,acidic
D)basic,basic

Question 20

What statement is inconsistent concerning the correlation of the chemical compositions of the most common ores with the locations of their metals in the periodic table?

A)Gold and the platinum-group metals (Ru,Os,Rh,Ir,Pd,and Pt)are sufficiently unreactive to occur commonly as the free metals.
B)The early transition metals on the left side of the d block generally occur as oxides while the more electronegative,late transition metals on the right side of the d block occur as sulfides.
C)The more electronegative p-block metals are commonly found as oxides and nitrates except for Al and Sn which are found as sulfides.
D)The s-block metals are found in nature as carbonates,silicates and in the case of Na and K as chlorides.

Question 21

Which one of the following is an electrical insulator?

A)alumina
B)germanium doped with antimony
C)gold
D)tellurium

Question 22

How would one classify a germanium crystal doped with arsenic?

A)conductor
B)n-type semiconductor
C)p-type semiconductor
D)insulator

Question 23

What terminology best describes the bonding in the following schematic of a metal?

A)ionic bonding
B)covalent bonding
C)electron-sea model
D)crystal model

Question 24

How would one classify copper mixed with tin?

A)conductor
B)n-type semiconductor
C)p-type semiconductor
D)insulator

Question 25

Which element has the smallest energy band gap?

A)C (diamond)
B)Ge
C)Pb
D)Si

Question 26

Which substance is a good semiconductor?

A)diamond
B)germanium
C)gold
D)phosphorus

Question 27

Which substance has a larger band gap than silicon?

A)diamond
B)copper
C)germanium
D)silver

Question 28

According to band theory,which of the following metals is expected to have the strongest bonding and highest melting point?

A)Cs
B)Cu
C)Rb
D)Ru

Question 29

Which one of the following is an n-type of semiconductor?

A)alumina
B)germanium doped with antimony
C)germanium doped with boron
D)tellurium

Question 30

Which one of the following is a p-type of semiconductor?

A)germanium doped with antimony
B)germanium doped with boron
C)tellurium
D)YBa₂Cu₃O₇

Question 31

The reaction,MnO (s)+ SiO₂ (s)→ MnSiO₃ (l)can be considered as an acid base reaction.Which of the following statements best explains why?

A)MnO is a proton donor.
B)SiO₂ is a proton acceptor.
C)MnO is an electron donor.
D)SiO₂ is an electron donor.

Question 32

How would one classify a silicon crystal doped with indium?

A)conductor
B)n-type semiconductor
C)p-type semiconductor
D)insulator

Question 33

Which element has the largest energy band gap?

A)C (diamond)
B)Si
C)Ge
D)Sn (white)

Question 34

White tin has an electrical conductivity that decreases with increasing temperature,and gray tin has an electrical conductivity that increases with increasing temperature.Therefore,white tin is classified as a(n)________,and gray tin is classified as a(n)________.

A)insulator,metal
B)metal,insulator
C)metal,semiconductor
D)semiconductor,metal

Question 35

Which metal has maximum filling of bonding molecular orbitals and minimal filling of antibonding molecular orbitals in its composite s-d band?

A)Au
B)Cs
C)Re
D)W

Question 36

According to band theory,which one of the following metals is expected to have the highest melting point?

A)Cd
B)Cr
C)Hg
D)Zn

Question 37

What type of substances exhibit an increase in conductivity with an increase in temperature?

A)both metals and semiconductors
B)only insulators
C)only metals
D)only semiconductors

Question 38

Which substance is the best conductor of electricity?

A)diamond
B)germanium
C)gold
D)phosphorus

Question 39

To three significant figures,how many metric tons of iron ore are needed to produce 10,000 metric tons of iron per day in the blast furnace process? Assume that the iron ore is iron(III)oxide and that the ore is 70.0% pure.The reaction of interest is Fe₂O₃(s)+ 3 CO(g)→ 2 Fe(l)+ 3 CO₂(g).

A)14,300 metric tons
B)20,000 metric tons
C)20,400 metric tons
D)30,000 metric tons

Question 40

Electrical resistance of a metal ________ with increasing temperature.

A)can decrease or increase
B)decreases
C)does not change
D)increases

Question 41

A light emitting diode with a band gap of 181 kJ/mol emits light in what region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum?

A)infrared
B)ultraviolet
C)visible - blue
D)visible - red

Question 42

Which process is used in the fabrication of ceramics?

A)electrolysis
B)reduction
C)roasting
D)sintering

Question 43

What is the name of the oxide ceramic BeO?

A)beryllia
B)beryllic
C)beryllium ceramic
D)beryllium oxide

Question 44

Sintering is

A)a filtration process through a molecular sieve.
B)the process of heating particles of a powder below the melting point so that they fuse together.
C)the process of rapid cooling of a material to yield a superconducting mixture.
D)the process of removing metals from ore by passing material through a magnetic field.

Question 45

Silica (SiO₂)can be prepared from silicon ethoxide by the sol-gel process.Write a balanced equation for the hydrolysis of silicon ethoxide.

A)SiCl₄ + 4 HOCH₂CH₃ + 4 NH₃ → Si(OCH₂CH₃)₄ + 4 NH₄Cl (in benzene)
B)Si(OCH₂CH₃)₄ + 4 H₂O → Si(OH)₄ + 4 HOCH₂CH₃
C)Si(OCH₂CH₃)₄ + 4 HOCH₃ → Si(OCH₃)₄ + 4 HOCH₂CH₃
D)Si(OCH₃)₄ + 4 H₂O → Si(OH)₄ + 4 HOCH₃

Question 46

What is a cermet?

A)boron nitride/epoxy
B)ceramic-metal composite
C)ceramic-polymer composite
D)silicon carbide/graphite

Question 47

What is not part of the sol-gel process for the production of titania?

A)TiCl₄ + 4 HOCH₂CH₃ + 4 NH₃ → Ti(OCH₂CH₃)₄ + 4 NH₄Cl (in benzene)
B)Ti(OCH₂CH₃)₄ + 4 H₂O → Ti(OH)₄ + 4 HOCH₂CH₃
C)(HO)₃-Ti-OH + HO-Ti-(OH)₃ → (HO)₃-Ti-O-Ti(OH)₃ + H₂O
D)4 Ti(OH)₄ + heat → 2 Ti₂O₃ + 8 H₂O + O₂

Question 48

Why are ceramics so much more brittle than metals?

A)The bonding in ceramics has a very high degree of ionic bonding character.
B)The bonding in ceramics has a very high degree of pi bonding character.
C)The bonding in ceramics is highly nondirectional.
D)The localized bonding in ceramics is highly directional.

Question 49

Which has been found to be a three dimensional superconductor that conducts equally in all directions?

A)C (diamond)
B)C (graphite)
C)K₃C₆₀
D)YBa₂Cu₃O₇

Question 50

Which one of the following is a metallic conductor at room temperature but a superconductor at 18 K?

A)diamond
B)graphite
C)fullerene
D)potassium fulleride

Question 51

What is the sol-gel process?

A)a series of chemical steps that involves the isolation of CuS and then roasting with oxygen
B)a series of chemical steps that involves the isolation of SO₃ and then treatment with H₂SO₄
C)a series of chemical steps that involves the synthesis of a metal oxide powder from a metal alkoxide
D)a series of chemical steps that involves the thermal decomposition of fibers of polyacrylonitrile

Question 52

Which combination of semiconductors can be employed to make a diode?

A)GaAs doped with Ge and GaP doped with Si
B)GaAs doped with Se and GaP doped with Zn
C)Si doped with B and Ge doped with Ga
D)Si doped with P and Ge doped with As

Question 53

According to molecular orbital theory,materials with completely filled bands are called

A)conductors.
B)metals.
C)semiconductors.
D)insulators.

Question 54

Why are ceramics superior to metals as structural materials?

A)Ceramics are easier to fabricate into shapes than metals.
B)Ceramics are more malleable than metals.
C)Ceramics are more resistant to wear and corrosion than metals.
D)Ceramics have greater impact resistance than metals.

Question 55

What structural features appear necessary for superconductivity in the 1-2-3 YBa₂Cu₃O₇ superconductor?

A)high metallic character
B)infinite extended layers of Cu and O atoms and a fractional oxidation state for Cu
C)presence of an inner transition element
D)All of these are necessary.

Question 56

A particular superconductor has eight copper atoms on corners and eight copper atoms on edges of its unit cell.How many copper atoms are attributed to a single unit cell of this superconductor?

A)1
B)3
C)5
D)16

Question 57

Below the superconducting transition temperature T_c,superconductors

A)become perfect conductors.
B)become perfect magnets.
C)become perfect resistors.
D)fail to work.

Question 58

Who discovered the phenomenon of superconductivity in 1911?

A)J.G.Bednorz
B)R.B.Fuller
C)K.A.M
Ller
D)H.K.Onnes

Question 59

What is the Meissner effect associated with superconductors? It is

A)when the temperature above which the superconductor fails to work.
B)when the temperature at which the superconductors become perfect insulators.
C)when the net magnetic field within the bulk of the superconductor is zero.
D)when the net magnetic field within the bulk of the superconductor becomes nearly infinite.

Question 60

What is the average oxidation state of Cu in HgCa₂Ba₂Cu₃O_8-x if Hg is in the +2 oxidation state?

A)+1
B)+2
C)+2 - 2x/3
D)+2 + 2x/3

Question 61

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials is an insulator?

A)material (1)
B)material (2)
C)material (3)
D)material (4)

Question 62

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials has the highest electrical conductivity?

A)material (1)
B)material (2)
C)material (3)
D)material (4)

Question 63

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be found in nature as a sulfide?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 64

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be found in nature as a free metal?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 65

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials has an electrical conductivity that decreases with an increase in temperature?

A)material (1)
B)material (2)
C)material (3)
D)material (4)

Question 66

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials has an electrical conductivity that remains constant with an increase in temperature?

A)material (1)
B)material (2)
C)material (3)
D)material (4)

Question 67

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials has the lowest electrical conductivity?

A)material (1)
B)material (2)
C)material (3)
D)material (4)

Question 68

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials is a semiconductor?

A)materials (1)and (2)
B)materials (1)and (4)
C)materials (2)and (3)
D)materials (3)and (4)

Question 69

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be extracted from its ore by roasting of a metal sulfide?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 70

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be extracted from its ore by electrolysis?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 71

Relative to a bulk sample of gold,nanoparticles of gold have

A)greater reactivity and higher melting point.
B)greater reactivity and lower melting point.
C)lower reactivity and higher melting point.
D)lower reactivity and lower melting point.

Question 72

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials is a metal?

A)material (1)
B)material (2)
C)material (3)
D)material (4)

Question 73

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be extracted from its ore by chemical reduction of a metal oxide?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 74

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be found in nature as a carbonate?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 75

The following pictures show the electron population of the bands of MO energy levels for four different materials.
Which of these materials has an electrical conductivity that increases with an increase in temperature?

A)materials (1)and (2)
B)materials (1)and (4)
C)materials (2)and (3)
D)materials (3)and (4)

Question 76

The following pictures show the electron populations of the composite s-d bands for four different transition metals.
Which metal has the highest melting point?

A)metal (1)
B)metal (2)
C)metal (3)
D)metal (4)

Question 77

Use the picture below to answer the following questions.
Which diagram describes the molecular orbital picture for the species Na₆?

A)diagram (4)
B)diagram (5)
C)diagram (6)
D)diagram (7)

Question 78

Look at the location of elements A,B,C,and D in the following periodic table.
Which of these elements is likely to be found in nature as an oxide?

A)element A
B)element B
C)element C
D)element D

Question 79

Use the picture below to answer the following questions.
What diagram would describe the molecular orbital picture for the species Na₄?

A)diagram (1)
B)diagram (2)
C)diagram (3)
D)diagram (4)

Question 80

Silicon nitride/zirconia is a example of a

A)ceramic-ceramic composite.
B)ceramic-metal composite.
C)ceramic-polymer composite.
D)superconductor.