Deck 23: Connections to Organic and Biological Chemistry

Question 1

When alkanes react with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light,chlorine atoms substitute for one or more alkane hydrogen atoms.What is the number of different chloroalkane compounds that can be formed by the reaction of C₂H₆ with chlorine?

A)3
B)6
C)9
D)12

Answer 1

9

Question 2

Compounds that have the same formula but different molecular structures are called

A)isoelectronic.
B)isomers.
C)isotones.
D)isotopes.

Answer 2

isomers.

Question 3

The cycloalkane represented by a square is called ________ and has the molecular formula ________.

A)cyclopropane,C₃H₆
B)cyclopropane,C₃H₈
C)cyclobutane,C₄H₄
D)cyclobutane,C₄H₈

Answer 3

cyclobutane,C₄H₈

Question 4

Which compound is not an isomer of the other three?

A)cyclohexane
B)1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
C)1,2-dimethylcyclopropane
D)methylcyclopentane

Question 5

What are the C-C-C bond angles in cyclopropane and cyclohexane?

A)60° in both molecules
B)60° in cyclopropane and 109.5° in cyclohexane
C)60° in cyclopropane and 120° in cyclohexane
D)109.5° in both molecules

Question 6

Which is the condensed structure of a straight-chain hydrocarbon?

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV

Question 7

Which condensed structure below representing an alkane is not correct?

A)CH₃CH₂CH₃
B)

C)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃
D)

Question 8

Another term for alkanes is

A)alkenes.
B)alkynes.
C)saturated hydrocarbons.
D)unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Question 9

Which of the structures below are identical?

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)III and IV
D)I and IV

Question 10

Which of the following statements about properties of organic compounds is not correct?

A)Most organic compounds are not soluble in water.
B)Most organic compounds do not conduct electricity.
C)Organic compounds have higher melting and boiling points than ionic compounds.
D)Organic compounds have weak intermolecular forces.

Question 11

Which one of the structures below is different from the other three?

A)I
B)II
C)III
D)IV

Question 12

Which of the following statements is false regarding functional groups?

A)The chemical properties of the functional group dictate the chemistry of the larger molecule.
B)Each functional group has a characteristic chemical behavior.
C)A functional group consists of an atom or a group of atoms that is part of a larger molecule.
D)A functional group consists of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 13

The most important characteristic of carbon atoms for forming organic molecules is

A)ability to bond together to form long chains.
B)ability to form multiple covalent bonds.
C)use of hybrid orbitals.
D)A and B

Question 14

Some of the products from reaction of bromine and propane are shown below.(The hydrogen atoms are not shown in the structures. )How many are identical structures?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)All are isomers of each other.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about isomers is false?

A)All alkanes have branched chain isomers.
B)As the number of carbon atoms increase in a compound,so do the number of possible isomers.
C)Isomers have different physical properties.
D)Isomers have the same formula but different molecular structures.

Question 16

How many isomers are there for C₅H₁₂?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 17

Which of the following statements about cycloalkanes is true?

A)The bonds in cyclopropane and cyclobutane are weaker than other cycloalkanes.
B)Cycloalkanes are also called "acyclic" compounds.
C)Cyclopropane has 109° bond angles.
D)Most cycloalkanes are planar molecules.

Question 18

Identify the functional group:

A)alcohol
B)amine
C)amide
D)ester

Question 19

Which of the following condensed structures represent the same molecule?

A)I and II
B)II and IV
C)III and IV
D)II and III

Question 20

Identify the functional group:

A)aldehyde
B)ketone
C)ester
D)ether

Question 21

Which one of the following molecules is the most polar?

A)acetaldehyde
B)acetic acid
C)ethane
D)ethylene

Question 22

What is the name for this alkyl group?

A)isobutyl
B)tert-butyl
C)tributyl
D)trimethyl

Question 23

Which statement below is false concerning nomenclature rules for alkanes?

A)Carbon atoms are numbered starting with the atom farthest from the branching point.
B)Each branching group is assigned a number referring to its point of attachment in the parent chain.
C)The name of the alkane is written as a single word.
D)The parent name is taken from the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

Question 24

Which class of hydrocarbons has the general formula C_nH_2n+2?

A)alkanes
B)alkenes
C)alkynes
D)cylcloalkanes

Question 25

An alkyl group is named for the part of the alkane group that remains after a ________ is removed.

A)C atom
B)CH₃ group
C)CH₂ group
D)H atom

Question 26

How many grams of Ca(OH)₂ are needed to neutralize 5.00 g of 3-methylbutanoic acid?

A)1.81 g
B)2.10 g
C)3.63 g
D)4.20 g

Question 27

What is the common name for the simplest ketone,propanone?

A)acetal
B)acetone
C)carbanone
D)formalin

Question 28

The H-C-H bond angles in acetic acid,shown below,are closest to O CH₃C-OH

A)90°.
B)109.5°.
C)120°.
D)180°.

Question 29

How many ether isomers have the formula C₄H₁₀O?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 30

Which of the functional groups below are not characterized by π bonds?

A)alkenes
B)alkynes
C)aldehydes
D)alcohols

Question 31

If the point of attachment to an alkane is by the middle carbon in a propyl group,the group is called

A)isopropyl.
B)n-propyl.
C)sec-propyl.
D)tert-propyl.

Question 32

Which one of the following behaves like an acid?

A)CH₃COCH₃
B)(CH₃)₂NH
C)C₂H₅OH
D)C₂H₅COOH

Question 33

Which functional group below represents a carboxylic acid?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 34

Which functional group below represents an aldehyde?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 35

The functional groups in the molecule below are H₂NCH₂CO₂H

A)alkane,amide,and carboxylic acid.
B)alkane,amine,and carboxylic acid.
C)alkane,amide,ketone,and alcohol.
D)alkane,amine,ketone,and alcohol.

Question 36

The C-C=O bond angle in acetic acid,shown below,is closest to O CH₃C-OH

A)90°.
B)109.5°.
C)120°.
D)180°.

Question 37

Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?

A)decanol
B)dimethyl ether
C)ethane
D)ethanol

Question 38

Which functional group below represents a ketone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 39

What type of compound contains the -NH₂ functional group?

A)alcohol
B)amine
C)carboxylic acid
D)ether

Question 40

The functional groups in the molecule below are O O HCCH₂COCH₃

A)alkane,aldehyde,and ester.
B)alkane,aldehyde,ketone,and ether.
C)alkane,carboxylic acid,and ester.
D)alkane,ketone,and ester.

Question 41

What class of hydrocarbons has the general formula C_nH_2n?

A)alkanes
B)alkenes and cycloalkanes
C)alkynes
D)aromatics

Question 42

The names of compounds with carbon-carbon double bonds contain the suffix

A)-ane.
B)-ene.
C)-yne.
D)-one.

Question 43

What is the hybridization of the carbon in (CH₃)₂C*=CHC N indicated by the asterisk (*)?

A)sp
B)sp²
C)sp³
D)dsp³

Question 44

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A)heptane
B)3,3-dimethylpentane
C)2,2-dimethyl-2-ethylpropane
D)2,2-diethylpropane

Question 45

Name the product of hydrogenation of trans-2-pentene.

A)pentane
B)cis-2-pentene
C)trans-2-pentane
D)none of these

Question 46

Which of the molecules shown below are unsaturated? (1)CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂
(2)CH₃CH=CHCH(CH₃)₂
(3)HC CCH₂CH(CH₃)₂

A)All are unsaturated.
B)Only (2)and (3)are unsaturated.
C)Only (2)is unsaturated.
D)Only (3)is unsaturated.

Question 47

The monosaccharide shown below is a(n)

A)aldohexose.
B)aldopentose.
C)ketohexose.
D)ketopentose.

Question 48

The term "carbohydrates" refers to a large class of polyhydroxylated

A)alcohols and carboxylic acids.
B)aldehydes and ketones.
C)amines and amides.
D)ethers and esters.

Question 49

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A)1,3-dimethyl-1-ethylhexane
B)4,6-dimethyl-6-ethylhexane
C)3,5-dimethyloctane
D)sec-hexylbutane

Question 50

Which of the following compounds is 5-ethyl-4-isopropyl-2-methylnonane?

A)

B)

C)

D)

Question 51

The following structure represents a butyl group.

A)normal
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary

Question 52

Which name is not correct?

A)1,2-dichloropentane
B)2,3-dimethylbutane
C)2-ethylbutane
D)4-propylheptane

Question 53

How many carbons are found in a molecule that contains the prefix but-?

A)2
B)4
C)3
D)7

Question 54

What is the molecular geometry around the carbon in (CH₃)₂C=CHC* N indicated by the asterisk (*)?

A)linear
B)trigonal planar
C)trigonal pyramidal
D)tetrahedral

Question 55

The most important synthetic chemical reactions that alkenes and alkynes undergo are called

A)addition reactions.
B)combustion reactions.
C)photochemical halogenation reactions.
D)substitution reactions.

Question 56

How many geometrical and structural isomers are there of butene?

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 57

What is the name of the following structure?

A)cis-1-ethyl-2-chloroethane
B)cis-1-chloro-1-butene
C)trans-1-chloro-1-butene
D)trans-1-chloro-2-ethylethane

Question 58

Which of the following is trans-2-butene? (Only bonds are shown in the skeletal structures below;the carbon and hydrogen atoms are deleted. )

A)structure a
B)structure b
C)structure c
D)none of these

Question 59

"Wood alcohol" is the common name for

A)methanol.
B)ethanol.
C)2-propanol.
D)1,2-ethanediol.

Question 60

What is the name of the following structure?

A)tert-butylethyne
B)3,3-dimethyl-1-pentyne
C)3-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butyne
D)trans-ethylmethylbutyne

Question 61

In addition to an amine,which functional group do all amino acids contain?

A)an alcohol
B)an amide
C)a carboxylic acid
D)an oxyacid

Question 62

In water,which form of glucose predominates?

A)cyclic α
B)cyclic β
C)open chain
D)All three are equal in solution.

Question 63

Which compound will have the largest dipole moment?

A)cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
B)trans-1,2-dichloroethylene
C)tetrabromoethylene
D)tetrachloroethylene

Question 64

How many distinct isomers can be drawn for a molecule of C₄H₈?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 65

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between vegetable oils and animal fats?

A)Animals fats have more carboxylic acid groups.
B)Vegetable oils have carbon chains with more unsaturated bonds.
C)Vegetable oils have more alcohol groups.
D)Animal fats have more unsaturated bonds.

Question 66

Which of the following statements about cis-trans isomers is not correct?

A)Conversion between cis- and trans-isomers occurs easily by rotation around the double bond.
B)In the trans- isomer,the groups of interest are on opposite sides across the double bond.
C)In the cis- isomer,the groups of interest are on the same side of the double bond.
D)There are no cis-trans isomers in alkynes.

Question 67

All of the fatty acids below contain eighteen carbons and range from saturated to three double bonds.Which has the highest melting point?

A)stearic acid (saturated)
B)oleic acid (one double bond)
C)linoleic acid (two double bonds)
D)linolenic acid (three double bonds)

Question 68

Which substance is a monosaccharide?

A)cellulose
B)glucose
C)glycogen
D)starch

Question 69

The monosaccharide shown below is a(n)

A)aldohexose.
B)aldopentose.
C)ketohexose.
D)ketopentose.

Question 70

What functional group is commonly found in fats?

A)-NH₂
B)-OH
C)-C-O-C
D)O

-O-C-C-

Question 71

What class of compounds are cyclic?

A)amino acids
B)lipids
C)monosaccharides
D)proteins

Question 72

Which statement below regarding fatty acids is not correct? Fatty acids

A)are always liquids.
B)are long chain carboxylic acids.
C)are usually unbranched chains.
D)usually have an even number of carbon atoms.

Question 73

Starch is a polymer consisting of thousands of

A)α-glucose molecules.
B)β-glucose molecules.
C)long chain fatty acids.
D)amino acids.

Question 74

Cellulose is a polymer consisting of thousands of

A)α-glucose molecules.
B)β-glucose molecules.
C)long chain fatty acids.
D)amino acids.

Question 75

"Glycerol" is the common name for

A)ethanol.
B)2-propanol.
C)1,2-ethanediol.
D)1,2,3-propanetriol.

Question 76

When crystallized,which form of glucose predominates?

A)cyclic α
B)cyclic β
C)open chain
D)All three are equal in crystals.

Question 77

Which compound will exhibit cis-trans isomerism?

A)1,2-dichloroethane
B)1,2-dichloroethene
C)dichloroethyne
D)ethylene

Question 78

Hydrogenation of vegetable oils converts them into what type of molecule?

A)esters
B)ethers
C)polymers
D)saturated fats

Question 79

Sucrose,common table sugar,when hydrolyzed will form

A)amylose and glycogen.
B)cellulose and starch.
C)glucose and fructose.
D)lactose and maltose.

Question 80

Lipids are characterized by what property?

A)chemical reactivity
B)chemical structure
C)refractive index
D)solubility