Deck 27: Nutrition and Digestion

Question 1

The characteristic movement of the small and large intestines that mixes the nutrients with digestive secretions is called

A)peristalsis.
B)ciliation.
C)segmentation.
D)rumination.
E)dilation.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

An example of a relatively continuous feeder would be a

A)fish.
B)barnacle.
C)bat.
D)whale.
E)elephant.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Intracellular digestion takes place in

A)bats.
B)cnidarians.
C)bony fish.
D)amphibians.
E)insects.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The chemical and/or mechanical breakdown of food into particles that can be absorbed by individual cells is called

A)digestion.
B)nutrition.
C)rumination.
D)regurgitation.
E)assimilation.

Question 5

With respect to their feeding habits,rabbits are primarily

A)omnivores.
B)insectivores.
C)carnivores.
D)herbivores.
E)sanguinivores.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a water soluble vitamin?

A)thiamine (B1)
B)riboflavin (B2)
C)pantothenic acid
D)vitamin A
E)biotin

Question 7

The minerals __________ and potassium are vital to the functioning of nerves and muscles in an animal's body.

A)iron
B)calcium
C)sodium
D)phosphorus
E)iodine

Question 8

Rabbits obtain more nutrients from their foods because

A)they have short digestive tracts.
B)they reingest their fecal matter.
C)they have complex stomachs.
D)they possess very strong digestive enzymes.
E)their foods are very easily digested.

Question 9

The sequential muscular contractions that move nutrients along the digestive tract are called

A)peristalsis.
B)digestion.
C)defecation.
D)mechanation.
E)rumination.

Question 10

A polysaccharide that is produced by plants and serves as a major source of dietary fiber is

A)cellulose.
B)glycogen.
C)fibrinogen.
D)galactose.
E)fructose.

Question 11

A complete digestive tract first appeared in this type of animal.

A)flatworm
B)roundworm
C)earthworm
D)sea anemone
E)jellyfish

Question 12

A Calorie is equal to __________ calories.

A)500
B)1,000
C)1,500
D)2,000
E)10,000

Question 13

Carbohydrates,fats,and proteins are categorized as __________ for heterotrophs.

A)macronutrients
B)inorganic nutrients
C)micronutrients
D)basic foodstuffs
E)supplemental foodstuffs

Question 14

With respect to their feeding habits,vampire bats are unusual because they are

A)herbivores.
B)deposit feeders.
C)fluid feeders.
D)omnivores.
E)suspension feeders.

Question 15

Much of animal evolution has been marked by the loss of

A)contractility.
B)endocrine coordination.
C)nervous coordination.
D)motility.
E)biosynthetic abilities.

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT have a complete digestive tract?

A)grasshopper
B)human
C)lamprey
D)planarian
E)nematode

Question 17

The ring of muscle located between the stomach and the small intestine is the

A)hepatic sphincter.
B)cardiac sphincter.
C)gastric sphincter.
D)ileocecal sphincter.
E)pyloric sphincter.

Question 18

Vitamin B₆ is also known as

A)cyanocobalamin.
B)folate.
C)biotin.
D)pyridoxine.
E)thiamin.

Question 19

Vitamin E is also known as

A)tocopherol.
B)phylloquinone.
C)retinol.
D)riboflavin.
E)niacin.

Question 20

The major dietary sources of energy for most heterotrophs are

A)proteins.
B)amino acids.
C)complex carbohydrates.
D)lipids.
E)fatty acids.

Question 21

Pancreatic __________ splits triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

A)maltase
B)amylase
C)chymotrypsin
D)enterokinase
E)lipase

Question 22

Ciliated protozoa utilize _______________ nutrition.

A)autotrophic
B)saprozoic
C)heterotrophic
D)mesotrophic
E)metatrophic

Question 23

The nitrogenous waste,urea,is formed in the

A)stomach.
B)pancreas.
C)liver.
D)kidneys.
E)gallbladder.

Question 24

Some of the gastric glands in the stomach lining contain __________ cells that secrete pepsinogen.

A)chief
B)mucous
C)parietal
D)beta
E)alpha

Question 25

One category of continuous feeders is __________,which continuously "strain" small food particles out of the water.

A)suspension feeders
B)deposit feeders
C)planktivores
D)sessile opportunists
E)fluid feeders

Question 26

A substance called __________ coats the stomach lining and protects it from the action of HCI and digestive enzymes.

A)pepsin
B)mucus
C)flatus
D)gastrin
E)chyme

Question 27

A major function of the large intestine is

A)absorption of proteins.
B)reabsorption of water.
C)secretion of minerals.
D)digestion of carbohydrates.
E)digestion of fats.

Question 28

Which of the following would be expected to have the longest small intestine relative to body size?

A)a lion
B)a rabbit
C)a human
D)a tiger
E)a wolf

Question 29

Glycoproteins called mucins help bind food in the mouth into a moist mass called the

A)sphincter.
B)oligosaccharide.
C)bolus.
D)mucoid.
E)mucosaccharide.

Question 30

The semi-liquid mass that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is called

A)the bolus.
B)gastrin.
C)chyme.
D)mucin.
E)flatus.

Question 31

In the small intestines,triglycerides become coated with proteins to form small droplets called

A)diglycerides.
B)amino acids.
C)lipases.
D)glycerol.
E)chylomicrons.

Question 32

A digestive organ,the __________ is a major heat producing organ in a mammal's body.

A)pancreas
B)liver
C)appendix
D)cecum
E)micelle

Question 33

Some of the gastric glands in the stomach lining contain __________ cells that secrete a solution containing HCI.

A)chief
B)mucous
C)alpha
D)beta
E)parietal

Question 34

Pancreatic __________ converts polysaccharides into disaccharides and monosaccharides.

A)trypsin
B)pepsin
C)lipase
D)amylase
E)lactase

Question 35

Which of the organisms listed below has a crop?

A)nematode
B)Hydra
C)planarian
D)tiger
E)grasshopper

Question 36

Fingerlike projections called __________ greatly increase the absorptive surface of the small intestine.

A)villi
B)rugae
C)appendices
D)ceca
E)chylomicrons

Question 37

In the stomach of a mammal,food is mixed with the gastric enzymes pepsin,and pepsinogen,as well as

A)gastric amylase.
B)hydrogen sulfide.
C)gastric lipase.
D)hydrochloric acid.
E)sodium oxide.

Question 38

Lipoproteins,cholesterol,and phospholipids are formed in the

A)pancreas.
B)duodenum.
C)lymph nodes.
D)liver.
E)stomach.

Question 39

Which of the following helps to digest lipid molecules?

A)bile
B)pepsin
C)nuclease
D)tryptophane
E)amylase

Question 40

Lipid aggregates with a surface coat of bile salts are called

A)chylomicrons.
B)bilirubins.
C)mucins.
D)cholesterol.
E)micelles.

Question 41

The earthworm is an example of a(n)

A)suspension feeder.
B)deposit feeder.
C)herbivore.
D)motile stalker.
E)grazing carnivore.

Question 42

Animals that "chew their cud" feed on materials that have a high __________ content.

A)cellulose
B)protein
C)lipid
D)iron
E)water

Question 43

The __________ of birds develops from the caudal portion of the esophagus and is used to store food.

A)gizzard
B)liver
C)omasum
D)crop
E)rumen

Question 44

The tongue of some frogs and salamanders is unique in that it can be rapidly projected to capture an insect.

Question 45

Which of these is the major detoxification organ in mammals?

A)kidney
B)liver
C)pancreas
D)gallbladder
E)stomach

Question 46

The vertebrate liver secretes __________ which emulsifies dietary fat.

A)amylase
B)lipase
C)HCl
D)bile salts
E)secretin

Question 47

Which of the following does not apply to omnivore teeth?

A)Tearing
B)Ripping
C)Chiseling
D)Grinding
E)They slope backwards.

Question 48

Digestion in molluscs consists of three cycles: feeding,extracellular digestion,and intracellular digestion.

Question 49

Which of the following explains why a loss of biosynthetic ability can be beneficial to an animal?

A)Once an animal obtains essential nutrients in its diet it can afford to lose the ability to synthesize those molecules.
B)Loss of biosynthetic ability confers a selective advantage to an animal.
C)As the diet of an animal became more varied, it loses its ability to synthesize available molecules such as amino acids.
D)All of the above are correct answers.

Question 50

An incomplete digestive tract is found in

A)aschelminths.
B)bivalve molluscs.
C)cnidarians.
D)insects.
E)lampreys.

Question 51

In ruminant mammals,microorganisms attack cellulose-containing food in the __________,before the food encounters digestive enzymes.

A)stomach
B)omasum
C)abomasum
D)cecum
E)rumen

Question 52

The __________ of birds develops from the posterior portion of the stomach and is used to help grind up food.

A)gizzard
B)liver
C)omasum
D)crop
E)rumen