Deck 21: The Baroque in Italy: the Church and Its Appeal

Question 1

The Roman patrons who were most responsible for creating the Baroque style were

A) the middle class.
B) the nobility.
C) women
D) the papal court.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Fra Andrea Pozzo created the highly dramatic space in Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius by using

A) chiaroscuro.
B) foreshortening.
C) tenebrism.
D) an invisible complement.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Gianlorenzo Bernini decorated the baldachino's grooved columns with bronze vines in Saint Peter's Basilica to

A) symbolize the union of the Old and New Testaments.
B) create a sense of naturalism.
C) emphasize the blending of Classical and Italian design.
D) draw the viewers' eyes upward along the spirals.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Musical divisions were less pronounced in Venice because the city

A) had traditionally ignored papal authority.
B) had a large Protestant population.
C) was too far from Rome for anyone to notice.
D) was not part of the Holy Roman Empire.

Question 5

Giacomo della Porta's façade for the church of Il Gesù considered by many to be the first architectural manifestation of the Baroque because of its

A) ornate ceiling painting.
B) classic proportions.
C) dramatic jamb statues.
D) added dimensionality.

Question 6

Giovanni Gabrieli aimed to make church music more emotionally engaging in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) by playing two organs against each other.
B) by placing the four choirs in separate areas.
C) by adding the first all-female ensemble to the choir.
D) by using brass and wood instruments in the music.

Question 7

Caravaggio's Conversion of St.Paul and John Donne's sonnet "Batter My Heart" share a thematic interest in

A) the celebration of the physical appetite.
B) the tension between the sacred and the secular.
C) conversion imagined as physical ravishment.
D) light revealing faith's transformative power.

Question 8

The canzona's dominant rhythm is

A) short-long.
B) long-short-short.
C) long-long.
D) short-long-long.

Question 9

In his Cornaro Chapel's sculptural program,Bernini equated Teresa of Ávila's religious visions with

A) spiritual rebirth.
B) chastity.
C) sexual orgasm.
D) dancing.

Question 10

Baroque artists placed elements on a diagonal plane,rather than the frontal and parallel planes used by Renaissance artists to

A) evoke a sense of greater depth.
B) induce more defined shadows.
C) produce a stronger sense of action.
D) provide greater balance.

Question 11

In The Calling of Saint Matthew,Caravaggio uses light to

A) transform the calling into a miracle.
B) identify which of the subjects is Matthew.
C) make Matthew's conversion seem threatening.
D) makes Jesus's entrance seem threatening.

Question 12

In The Calling of Saint Matthew,Caravaggio portrayed his subjects in the attire of his time,not Jesus's

A) so that he could use richer colors and brushstrokes.
B) to conform with other paintings in the series.
C) to enable the audience to identify with them.
D) to portray the painting's patrons realistically.

Question 13

In her paintings,Elisabetta Sirani depicted Christianity's miracles as

A) everyday events.
B) mythological events.
C) sexual experiences.
D) dramas of harmony.

Question 14

On each side of his Cornaro Chapel sculptural program,Gianlorenzo Bernini included theater boxes to

A) allow visitors to have a better view of Saint Teresa.
B) create preferential seating for the Cornaro family.
C) emphasize his design's high drama.
D) provide extra seating for churchgoers.

Question 15

Artemisia Gentileschi was so obsessed with the biblical story of Judith beheading Holofernes that she painted five versions of it with Judith being a self-portrait,because

A) Gentileschi was of Jewish descent.
B) Gentileschi's mother was named Judith.
C) Judith was a female artist.
D) Gentileschi had been raped.

Question 16

Giovanni Gabrieli organized his compositions around a single note-the tonic note to

A) heighten the sense of harmonic drama.
B) allow more pitch for the voices.
C) create effects of sonority in a cathedral.
D) enable words to be heard over the music.

Question 17

What technique that contrasts large areas of dark with smaller illuminated areas did Caravaggio master?

A) atmospheric perspective
B) tenebrism
C) foreshortening
D) invisible complement

Question 18

The term "Baroque" was originally used in a derogatory way,because the new style

A) was associated with the common people.
B) was very expensive to create.
C) defied the Council of Trent's directives.
D) was seen as too ornate and strange.

Question 19

A defining characteristic of Baroque art is

A) attention to viewers' emotional experience of a work.
B) return to the forms and proportions of Classical art.
C) focus on symbolism.
D) minimal decoration and sensuousness.

Question 20

In the Four Rivers Fountain,Gianlorenzo Bernini intended the obelisk to represent

A) the triumph of the Roman Catholic Church over the world's rivers.
B) Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III's defeat of Egypt.
C) the domination of the Roman Catholic Church over paganism.
D) the Roman Catholic Church's position as the center of the world.

Question 21

Orphanage directors hoped that audiences would be dazzled by the orphans' musical performances so that they would

A) adopt the talented children.
B) buy tickets to their performances.
C) help find jobs for the orphans.
D) donate money to the orphanages.

Question 22

Why is Antonio Vivaldi's The Four Seasons known as program music?

A) He composed it for one of the orphans' performances, or programs.
B) Its purely instrumental music is connected to a story or idea.
C) Its episodes contrast back and forth with the musical score.
D) The music follows the program and rhythms of speech.

Question 23

Compare Andrea Pozzo's Baroque Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius to Michelangelo's Mannerist Last Judgment (Chap.20),explaining how each is representative of its respective period.

Question 24

Louis XIV rejected Gianlorenzo Bernini's Baroque design for a new façade for the Louvre,finding it too

A) similar to the Vatican colonnade.
B) simple and classical.
C) expensive to build.
D) elaborate and ornate.

Question 25

Claudio Monteverdi's first opera was inspired by the Greek myth

A) Prometheus and Pandora.
B) Orpheus and Eurydice.
C) Paris and Helen of Troy.
D) Zeus and Leda.

Question 26

Baroque compositions such as The Four Seasons are perhaps most distinguishable from their Renaissance predecessors because of their

A) solo passages.
B) trio sonatas.
C) arias.
D) modulation.

Question 27

Define "tenebrism," and explain Caravaggio's use of it to provide drama in two of his \
works.

Question 28

Compare the sensual elements of Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa to Caravaggio's Conversion of Saint Paul and Donne's "Batter My Heart."

Question 29

Describe Bernini's colonnade enclosure of Vatican Square,and explain how it defines the Baroque style.

Question 30

Identify and describe three elements of Bernini's Cornaro Chapel sculptural program that illustrate the high drama of the Baroque.

Question 31

Provide a detailed explanation for the reasons opera developed during the Italian Baroque period.

Question 32

List and analyze at least two reasons for Artemisia Gentileschi's use of her self-portrait for Judith in her five paintings of the Jewish heroine's story.

Question 33

The first operas were inspired by

A) Giovanni Gabrieli's compositions.
B) Gianlorenzo Bernini's sculptures.
C) Venetian street processions.
D) ancient Greek drama.

Question 34

Compare Bernini's Baroque David to Michelangelo's Renaissance David (Chap.14),explaining how each is representative of its respective period.

Question 35

Using one sculpture,one painting,and one musical composition,explain the artists' achievement of Baroque drama-the sense of action,excitement,and sensuality.

Question 36

List and explain two ways Giovanni Gabrieli made church music more emotionally engaging.

Question 37

Why were only girls in Venice's orphanages given music instruction?

A) Girls would handle the delicate instruments more gently.
B) Girls required musical skill to secure a good marriage.
C) It was assumed that boys would enter the labor force.
D) Venetian orphanages housed only girls.